chore(deps): update rust crate tracing-opentelemetry to 0.25.0

fix release-max-perf profile [ci skip]
Signed-off-by: Jason Volk <jason@zemos.net>
2024-08-03 07:46:58 +00:00 · 2024-08-01 13:37:27 +00:00 · 2024-08-01 10:58:59 +00:00 · 2024-08-01 10:58:59 +00:00 · 2024-08-01 10:58:58 +00:00 · 2024-08-01 10:58:58 +00:00
283 changed files with 13162 additions and 9136 deletions
@@ -27,6 +27,16 @@ concurrency:
    cancel-in-progress: true

 env:
+    # sccache only on main repo
+    SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: "${{ (github.event.pull_request.draft != true) && (vars.DOCKER_USERNAME != '') && (vars.GITLAB_USERNAME != '') && (vars.SCCACHE_ENDPOINT != '') && (github.event.pull_request.user.login != 'renovate[bot]') && 'true' || 'false' }}"
+    RUSTC_WRAPPER: "${{ (github.event.pull_request.draft != true) && (vars.DOCKER_USERNAME != '') && (vars.GITLAB_USERNAME != '') && (vars.SCCACHE_ENDPOINT != '') && (github.event.pull_request.user.login != 'renovate[bot]') && 'sccache' || '' }}"
+    SCCACHE_BUCKET: "${{ (github.event.pull_request.draft != true) && (vars.DOCKER_USERNAME != '') && (vars.GITLAB_USERNAME != '') && (vars.SCCACHE_ENDPOINT != '') && (github.event.pull_request.user.login != 'renovate[bot]') && 'sccache' || '' }}"
+    SCCACHE_S3_USE_SSL: ${{ vars.SCCACHE_S3_USE_SSL }}
+    SCCACHE_REGION: ${{ vars.SCCACHE_REGION }}
+    SCCACHE_ENDPOINT: ${{ vars.SCCACHE_ENDPOINT }}
+    SCCACHE_CACHE_MULTIARCH: ${{ vars.SCCACHE_CACHE_MULTIARCH }}
+    AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
+    AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
    # Required to make some things output color
    TERM: ansi
    # Publishing to my nix binary cache
@@ -38,8 +48,11 @@ env:
    # Custom nix binary cache if fork is being used
    ATTIC_ENDPOINT: ${{ vars.ATTIC_ENDPOINT }}
    ATTIC_PUBLIC_KEY: ${{ vars.ATTIC_PUBLIC_KEY }}
-    # Get error output from nix that we can actually use
-    NIX_CONFIG: show-trace = true
+    # Get error output from nix that we can actually use, and use our binary caches for the earlier CI steps
+    NIX_CONFIG: |
+      show-trace = true
+      extra-substituters = https://attic.kennel.juneis.dog/conduit https://attic.kennel.juneis.dog/conduwuit https://cache.lix.systems https://conduwuit.cachix.org
+      extra-trusted-public-keys = conduit:eEKoUwlQGDdYmAI/Q/0slVlegqh/QmAvQd7HBSm21Wk= conduwuit:BbycGUgTISsltcmH0qNjFR9dbrQNYgdIAcmViSGoVTE= cache.lix.systems:aBnZUw8zA7H35Cz2RyKFVs3H4PlGTLawyY5KRbvJR8o= conduwuit.cachix.org-1:MFRm6jcnfTf0jSAbmvLfhO3KBMt4px+1xaereWXp8Xg=

 permissions:
    packages: write
@@ -49,6 +62,8 @@ jobs:
    tests:
        name: Test
        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+        env:
+          CARGO_PROFILE: "test"
        steps:
            - name: Free Disk Space (Ubuntu)
              uses: jlumbroso/free-disk-space@main
@@ -57,7 +72,7 @@ jobs:
              uses: actions/checkout@v4

            - name: Tag comparison check
-              if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v')
+              if: ${{ startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && !endsWith(github.ref, '-rc') }}
              run: |
                  # Tag mismatch with latest repo tag check to prevent potential downgrades
                  LATEST_TAG=$(git describe --tags `git rev-list --tags --max-count=1`)
@@ -115,29 +130,48 @@ jobs:
            - name: Prepare build environment
              run: |
                  echo 'source $HOME/.nix-profile/share/nix-direnv/direnvrc' > "$HOME/.direnvrc"
-                  nix profile install --impure --inputs-from . nixpkgs#direnv nixpkgs#nix-direnv
+                  nix profile install --inputs-from . nixpkgs#direnv nixpkgs#nix-direnv
                  direnv allow
                  nix develop .#all-features --command true

            - name: Cache CI dependencies
              run: |
-                  bin/nix-build-and-cache ci
+                  # attic nix binary cache server is very, very terribly flakey. nothing i can do to fix it other than retry multiple times here
+                  ATTEMPTS=3
+                  SUCCESS=false
+                  while (( ATTEMPTS-- > 0 ))
+                  do
+                    bin/nix-build-and-cache ci
+                    if [[ $? == 0 ]]; then
+                      SUCCESS=true
+                      break
+                    else
+                      sleep 3
+                    fi
+                  done

+                  if [[ $SUCCESS == "false" ]]; then
+                    exit 1
+                  fi
+
+            # use sccache for Rust
+            - name: Run sccache-cache
+              if: (github.event.pull_request.draft != true) && (vars.DOCKER_USERNAME != '') && (vars.GITLAB_USERNAME != '') && (vars.SCCACHE_ENDPOINT != '') && (github.event.pull_request.user.login != 'renovate[bot]')
+              uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@main
+
+            # use rust-cache
            - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+              with:
+                cache-all-crates: "true"

            - name: Run CI tests
              run: |
                  direnv exec . engage > >(tee -a test_output.log)

-            - name: Sync Complement repository
-              uses: actions/checkout@v4
-              with:
-                repository: 'matrix-org/complement'
-                path: complement_src
-
            - name: Run Complement tests
              run: |
-                  direnv exec . bin/complement 'complement_src' 'complement_test_logs.jsonl' 'complement_test_results.jsonl'
+                  # the nix devshell sets $COMPLEMENT_SRC, so "/dev/null" is no-op
+                  direnv exec . bin/complement "/dev/null" complement_test_logs.jsonl complement_test_results.jsonl > >(tee -a test_output.log)
                  cp -v -f result complement_oci_image.tar.gz

            - name: Upload Complement OCI image
@@ -163,11 +197,7 @@ jobs:

            - name: Diff Complement results with checked-in repo results
              run: |
-                  diff -u --color=always tests/test_results/complement/test_results.jsonl complement_test_results.jsonl > >(tee -a complement_test_output.log)
-                  echo '# Complement diff results' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-                  echo '```diff' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-                  tail -n 100 complement_test_output.log | sed 's/\x1b\[[0-9;]*m//g' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
-                  echo '```' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+                  diff -u --color=always tests/test_results/complement/test_results.jsonl complement_test_results.jsonl > >(tee -a complement_diff_output.log)

            - name: Update Job Summary
              if: success() || failure()
@@ -175,11 +205,21 @@ jobs:
                  if [ ${{ job.status }} == 'success' ]; then
                      echo '# ✅ completed suwuccessfully' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
                  else
+                      echo '# CI failure' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
                      echo '```' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
                      tail -n 40 test_output.log | sed 's/\x1b\[[0-9;]*m//g' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
                      echo '```' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+
+                      echo '# Complement diff results' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+                      echo '```diff' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+                      tail -n 100 complement_diff_output.log | sed 's/\x1b\[[0-9;]*m//g' >>     $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+                      echo '```' >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
                  fi

+            - name: Run cargo clean test artifacts
+              run: |
+                  cargo clean --profile test
+
    build:
        name: Build
        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -190,6 +230,9 @@ jobs:
                    - target: aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
                    - target: x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
        steps:
+            - name: Free Disk Space (Ubuntu)
+              uses: jlumbroso/free-disk-space@main
+
            - name: Sync repository
              uses: actions/checkout@v4

@@ -240,16 +283,43 @@ jobs:
            - name: Prepare build environment
              run: |
                  echo 'source $HOME/.nix-profile/share/nix-direnv/direnvrc' > "$HOME/.direnvrc"
-                  nix profile install --impure --inputs-from . nixpkgs#direnv nixpkgs#nix-direnv
+                  nix profile install --inputs-from . nixpkgs#direnv nixpkgs#nix-direnv
                  direnv allow
                  nix develop .#all-features --command true

+            # use sccache for Rust
+            - name: Run sccache-cache
+              if: (github.event.pull_request.draft != true) && (vars.DOCKER_USERNAME != '') && (vars.GITLAB_USERNAME != '') && (vars.SCCACHE_ENDPOINT != '') && (github.event.pull_request.user.login != 'renovate[bot]')
+              uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@main
+
+            # use rust-cache
+            - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+              with:
+                cache-all-crates: "true"
+
            - name: Build static ${{ matrix.target }}
              run: |
                  CARGO_DEB_TARGET_TUPLE=$(echo ${{ matrix.target }} | grep -o -E '^([^-]*-){3}[^-]*')
                  SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH=$(git log -1 --pretty=%ct)

-                  bin/nix-build-and-cache just .#static-${{ matrix.target }}
+                  # attic nix binary cache server is very, very terribly flakey. nothing i can do to fix it other than retry multiple times here
+                  ATTEMPTS=3
+                  SUCCESS=false
+                  while (( ATTEMPTS-- > 0 ))
+                  do
+                    bin/nix-build-and-cache just .#static-${{ matrix.target }}-all-features
+                    if [[ $? == 0 ]]; then
+                      SUCCESS=true
+                      break
+                    else
+                      sleep 3
+                    fi
+                  done
+
+                  if [[ $SUCCESS == "false" ]]; then
+                    exit 1
+                  fi
+
                  mkdir -v -p target/release/
                  mkdir -v -p target/$CARGO_DEB_TARGET_TUPLE/release/
                  cp -v -f result/bin/conduit target/release/conduwuit
@@ -259,6 +329,66 @@ jobs:
                  mv -v target/release/conduwuit static-${{ matrix.target }}
                  mv -v target/release/${{ matrix.target }}.deb ${{ matrix.target }}.deb

+            # quick smoke test of the x86_64 static release binary
+            - name: Run x86_64 static release binary
+              run: |
+                  # GH actions default runners are x86_64 only
+                  if file result/bin/conduit | grep x86-64; then
+                    result/bin/conduit --version
+                  fi
+
+            - name: Build static debug ${{ matrix.target }}
+              run: |
+                  CARGO_DEB_TARGET_TUPLE=$(echo ${{ matrix.target }} | grep -o -E '^([^-]*-){3}[^-]*')
+                  SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH=$(git log -1 --pretty=%ct)
+
+                  # attic nix binary cache server is very, very terribly flakey. nothing i can do to fix it other than retry multiple times here
+                  ATTEMPTS=3
+                  SUCCESS=false
+                  while (( ATTEMPTS-- > 0 ))
+                  do
+                    bin/nix-build-and-cache just .#static-${{ matrix.target }}-all-features-debug
+                    if [[ $? == 0 ]]; then
+                      SUCCESS=true
+                      break
+                    else
+                      sleep 3
+                    fi
+                  done
+
+                  if [[ $SUCCESS == "false" ]]; then
+                    exit 1
+                  fi
+
+                  # > warning: dev profile is not supported and will be a hard error in the future. cargo-deb is for making releases, and it doesn't make sense to use it with dev profiles.
+                  # so we need to coerce cargo-deb into thinking this is a release binary
+                  mkdir -v -p target/release/
+                  mkdir -v -p target/$CARGO_DEB_TARGET_TUPLE/release/
+                  cp -v -f result/bin/conduit target/release/conduwuit
+                  cp -v -f result/bin/conduit target/$CARGO_DEB_TARGET_TUPLE/release/conduwuit
+                  # -p conduit is the main crate name
+                  direnv exec . cargo deb --verbose --no-build --no-strip -p conduit --target=$CARGO_DEB_TARGET_TUPLE --output target/release/${{ matrix.target }}-debug.deb
+                  mv -v target/release/conduwuit static-${{ matrix.target }}-debug
+                  mv -v target/release/${{ matrix.target }}-debug.deb ${{ matrix.target }}-debug.deb
+
+            # quick smoke test of the x86_64 static debug binary
+            - name: Run x86_64 static debug binary
+              run: |
+                  # GH actions default runners are x86_64 only
+                  if file result/bin/conduit | grep x86-64; then
+                    result/bin/conduit --version
+                  fi
+
+            # check validity of produced deb package, invalid debs will error on these commands
+            - name: Validate produced deb package
+              run: |
+                  # List contents
+                  dpkg-deb --contents ${{ matrix.target }}.deb
+                  dpkg-deb --contents ${{ matrix.target }}-debug.deb
+                  # List info
+                  dpkg-deb --info ${{ matrix.target }}.deb
+                  dpkg-deb --info ${{ matrix.target }}-debug.deb
+
            - name: Upload static-${{ matrix.target }}
              uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
              with:
@@ -274,11 +404,65 @@ jobs:
                  if-no-files-found: error
                  compression-level: 0

+            - name: Upload static-${{ matrix.target }}-debug
+              uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+              with:
+                  name: static-${{ matrix.target }}-debug
+                  path: static-${{ matrix.target }}-debug
+                  if-no-files-found: error
+
+            - name: Upload deb ${{ matrix.target }}-debug
+              uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+              with:
+                  name: deb-${{ matrix.target }}-debug
+                  path: ${{ matrix.target }}-debug.deb
+                  if-no-files-found: error
+                  compression-level: 0
+
            - name: Build OCI image ${{ matrix.target }}
              run: |
-                  bin/nix-build-and-cache just .#oci-image-${{ matrix.target }}
+                  # attic nix binary cache server is very, very terribly flakey. nothing i can do to fix it other than retry multiple times here
+                  ATTEMPTS=3
+                  SUCCESS=false
+                  while (( ATTEMPTS-- > 0 ))
+                  do
+                    bin/nix-build-and-cache just .#oci-image-${{ matrix.target }}-all-features
+                    if [[ $? == 0 ]]; then
+                      SUCCESS=true
+                      break
+                    else
+                      sleep 3
+                    fi
+                  done
+
+                  if [[ $SUCCESS == "false" ]]; then
+                    exit 1
+                  fi
+
                  cp -v -f result oci-image-${{ matrix.target }}.tar.gz

+            - name: Build debug OCI image ${{ matrix.target }}
+              run: |
+                  # attic nix binary cache server is very, very terribly flakey. nothing i can do to fix it other than retry multiple times here
+                  ATTEMPTS=3
+                  SUCCESS=false
+                  while (( ATTEMPTS-- > 0 ))
+                  do
+                    bin/nix-build-and-cache just .#oci-image-${{ matrix.target }}-all-features-debug
+                    if [[ $? == 0 ]]; then
+                      SUCCESS=true
+                      break
+                    else
+                      sleep 3
+                    fi
+                  done
+
+                  if [[ $SUCCESS == "false" ]]; then
+                    exit 1
+                  fi
+
+                  cp -v -f result oci-image-${{ matrix.target }}-debug.tar.gz
+
            - name: Upload OCI image ${{ matrix.target }}
              uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
              with:
@@ -287,6 +471,14 @@ jobs:
                  if-no-files-found: error
                  compression-level: 0

+            - name: Upload OCI image ${{ matrix.target }}-debug
+              uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+              with:
+                  name: oci-image-${{ matrix.target }}-debug
+                  path: oci-image-${{ matrix.target }}-debug.tar.gz
+                  if-no-files-found: error
+                  compression-level: 0
+
    docker:
        name: Docker publish
        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -296,15 +488,15 @@ jobs:
            DOCKER_ARM64: docker.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ (github.head_ref != '' && format('merge-{0}-{1}', github.event.number, github.event.pull_request.user.login)) || github.ref_name }}-${{ github.sha }}-arm64v8
            DOCKER_AMD64: docker.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ (github.head_ref != '' && format('merge-{0}-{1}', github.event.number, github.event.pull_request.user.login)) || github.ref_name }}-${{ github.sha }}-amd64
            DOCKER_TAG: docker.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ (github.head_ref != '' && format('merge-{0}-{1}', github.event.number, github.event.pull_request.user.login)) || github.ref_name }}-${{ github.sha }}
-            DOCKER_BRANCH: docker.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ (startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && 'latest') || (github.head_ref != '' && format('merge-{0}-{1}', github.event.number, github.event.pull_request.user.login)) || github.ref_name }}
+            DOCKER_BRANCH: docker.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ (startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && !endsWith(github.ref, '-rc') && 'latest') || (github.head_ref != '' && format('merge-{0}-{1}', github.event.number, github.event.pull_request.user.login)) || github.ref_name }}
            GHCR_ARM64: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ (github.head_ref != '' && format('merge-{0}-{1}', github.event.number, github.event.pull_request.user.login)) || github.ref_name }}-${{ github.sha }}-arm64v8
            GHCR_AMD64: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ (github.head_ref != '' && format('merge-{0}-{1}', github.event.number, github.event.pull_request.user.login)) || github.ref_name }}-${{ github.sha }}-amd64
            GHCR_TAG: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ (github.head_ref != '' && format('merge-{0}-{1}', github.event.number, github.event.pull_request.user.login)) || github.ref_name }}-${{ github.sha }}
-            GHCR_BRANCH: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ (startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && 'latest') || (github.head_ref != '' && format('merge-{0}-{1}', github.event.number, github.event.pull_request.user.login)) || github.ref_name }}
+            GHCR_BRANCH: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}:${{ (startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && !endsWith(github.ref, '-rc') && 'latest') || (github.head_ref != '' && format('merge-{0}-{1}', github.event.number, github.event.pull_request.user.login)) || github.ref_name }}
            GLCR_ARM64: registry.gitlab.com/conduwuit/conduwuit:${{ (github.head_ref != '' && format('merge-{0}-{1}', github.event.number, github.event.pull_request.user.login)) || github.ref_name }}-${{ github.sha }}-arm64v8
            GLCR_AMD64: registry.gitlab.com/conduwuit/conduwuit:${{ (github.head_ref != '' && format('merge-{0}-{1}', github.event.number, github.event.pull_request.user.login)) || github.ref_name }}-${{ github.sha }}-amd64
            GLCR_TAG: registry.gitlab.com/conduwuit/conduwuit:${{ (github.head_ref != '' && format('merge-{0}-{1}', github.event.number, github.event.pull_request.user.login)) || github.ref_name }}-${{ github.sha }}
-            GLCR_BRANCH: registry.gitlab.com/conduwuit/conduwuit:${{ (startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && 'latest') || (github.head_ref != '' && format('merge-{0}-{1}', github.event.number, github.event.pull_request.user.login)) || github.ref_name }}
+            GLCR_BRANCH: registry.gitlab.com/conduwuit/conduwuit:${{ (startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') && !endsWith(github.ref, '-rc') && 'latest') || (github.head_ref != '' && format('merge-{0}-{1}', github.event.number, github.event.pull_request.user.login)) || github.ref_name }}

            DOCKERHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
            GITLAB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITLAB_TOKEN }}
@@ -337,8 +529,10 @@ jobs:

            - name: Move OCI images into position
              run: |
-                  mv -v oci-image-x86_64-*/*.tar.gz oci-image-amd64.tar.gz
-                  mv -v oci-image-aarch64-*/*.tar.gz oci-image-arm64v8.tar.gz
+                  mv -v oci-image-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/*.tar.gz oci-image-amd64.tar.gz
+                  mv -v oci-image-aarch64-unknown-linux-musl/*.tar.gz oci-image-arm64v8.tar.gz
+                  mv -v oci-image-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl-debug/*.tar.gz oci-image-amd64-debug.tar.gz
+                  mv -v oci-image-aarch64-unknown-linux-musl-debug/*.tar.gz oci-image-arm64v8-debug.tar.gz

            - name: Load and push amd64 image
              if: ${{ (vars.DOCKER_USERNAME != '') && (env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN != '') }}
@@ -362,6 +556,28 @@ jobs:
                  docker push ${{ env.GHCR_ARM64 }}
                  docker push ${{ env.GLCR_ARM64 }}

+            - name: Load and push amd64 debug image
+              if: ${{ (vars.DOCKER_USERNAME != '') && (env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN != '') }}
+              run: |
+                  docker load -i oci-image-amd64-debug.tar.gz
+                  docker tag $(docker images -q conduit:main) ${{ env.DOCKER_AMD64 }}-debug
+                  docker tag $(docker images -q conduit:main) ${{ env.GHCR_AMD64 }}-debug
+                  docker tag $(docker images -q conduit:main) ${{ env.GLCR_AMD64 }}-debug
+                  docker push ${{ env.DOCKER_AMD64 }}-debug
+                  docker push ${{ env.GHCR_AMD64 }}-debug
+                  docker push ${{ env.GLCR_AMD64 }}-debug
+
+            - name: Load and push arm64 debug image
+              if: ${{ (vars.DOCKER_USERNAME != '') && (env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN != '') }}
+              run: |
+                  docker load -i oci-image-arm64v8-debug.tar.gz
+                  docker tag $(docker images -q conduit:main) ${{ env.DOCKER_ARM64 }}-debug
+                  docker tag $(docker images -q conduit:main) ${{ env.GHCR_ARM64 }}-debug
+                  docker tag $(docker images -q conduit:main) ${{ env.GLCR_ARM64 }}-debug
+                  docker push ${{ env.DOCKER_ARM64 }}-debug
+                  docker push ${{ env.GHCR_ARM64 }}-debug
+                  docker push ${{ env.GLCR_ARM64 }}-debug
+
            - name: Create Docker combined manifests
              run: |
                  # Dockerhub Container Registry
@@ -371,9 +587,21 @@ jobs:
                  docker manifest create ${{ env.GHCR_TAG }} --amend ${{ env.GHCR_ARM64 }} --amend ${{ env.GHCR_AMD64 }}
                  docker manifest create ${{ env.GHCR_BRANCH }} --amend ${{ env.GHCR_ARM64 }} --amend ${{ env.GHCR_AMD64 }}
                  # GitLab Container Registry
-                  docker manifest create ${{ env.GLCR_TAG }} --amend ${{ env.GLCR_ARM64 }} --amend ${{ env.GCCR_AMD64 }}
+                  docker manifest create ${{ env.GLCR_TAG }} --amend ${{ env.GLCR_ARM64 }} --amend ${{ env.GLCR_AMD64 }}
                  docker manifest create ${{ env.GLCR_BRANCH }} --amend ${{ env.GLCR_ARM64 }} --amend ${{ env.GLCR_AMD64 }}

+            - name: Create Docker combined debug manifests
+              run: |
+                  # Dockerhub Container Registry
+                  docker manifest create ${{ env.DOCKER_TAG }}-debug --amend ${{ env.DOCKER_ARM64 }}-debug --amend ${{ env.DOCKER_AMD64 }}-debug
+                  docker manifest create ${{ env.DOCKER_BRANCH }}-debug --amend ${{ env.DOCKER_ARM64 }}-debug --amend ${{ env.DOCKER_AMD64 }}-debug
+                  # GitHub Container Registry
+                  docker manifest create ${{ env.GHCR_TAG }}-debug --amend ${{ env.GHCR_ARM64 }}-debug --amend ${{ env.GHCR_AMD64 }}-debug
+                  docker manifest create ${{ env.GHCR_BRANCH }}-debug --amend ${{ env.GHCR_ARM64 }}-debug --amend ${{ env.GHCR_AMD64 }}-debug
+                  # GitLab Container Registry
+                  docker manifest create ${{ env.GLCR_TAG }}-debug --amend ${{ env.GLCR_ARM64 }}-debug --amend ${{ env.GLCR_AMD64 }}-debug
+                  docker manifest create ${{ env.GLCR_BRANCH }}-debug --amend ${{ env.GLCR_ARM64 }}-debug --amend ${{ env.GLCR_AMD64 }}-debug
+
            - name: Push manifests to Docker registries
              if: ${{ (vars.DOCKER_USERNAME != '') && (env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN != '') }}
              run: |
@@ -383,6 +611,12 @@ jobs:
                  docker manifest push ${{ env.GHCR_BRANCH }}
                  docker manifest push ${{ env.GLCR_TAG }}
                  docker manifest push ${{ env.GLCR_BRANCH }}
+                  docker manifest push ${{ env.DOCKER_TAG }}-debug
+                  docker manifest push ${{ env.DOCKER_BRANCH }}-debug
+                  docker manifest push ${{ env.GHCR_TAG }}-debug
+                  docker manifest push ${{ env.GHCR_BRANCH }}-debug
+                  docker manifest push ${{ env.GLCR_TAG }}-debug
+                  docker manifest push ${{ env.GLCR_BRANCH }}-debug

            - name: Add Image Links to Job Summary
              if: ${{ (vars.DOCKER_USERNAME != '') && (env.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN != '') }}
@@ -390,3 +624,6 @@ jobs:
                  echo "- \`docker pull ${{ env.DOCKER_TAG }}\`" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
                  echo "- \`docker pull ${{ env.GHCR_TAG }}\`" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
                  echo "- \`docker pull ${{ env.GLCR_TAG }}\`" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+                  echo "- \`docker pull ${{ env.DOCKER_TAG }}-debug\`" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+                  echo "- \`docker pull ${{ env.GHCR_TAG }}-debug\`" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
+                  echo "- \`docker pull ${{ env.GLCR_TAG }}-debug\`" >> $GITHUB_STEP_SUMMARY
@@ -21,8 +21,11 @@ env:
  # Custom nix binary cache if fork is being used
  ATTIC_ENDPOINT: ${{ vars.ATTIC_ENDPOINT }}
  ATTIC_PUBLIC_KEY: ${{ vars.ATTIC_PUBLIC_KEY }}
-  # Get error output from nix that we can actually use
-  NIX_CONFIG: show-trace = true
+  # Get error output from nix that we can actually use, and use our binary caches for the earlier CI steps
+  NIX_CONFIG: |
+    show-trace = true
+    extra-substituters = https://attic.kennel.juneis.dog/conduit https://attic.kennel.juneis.dog/conduwuit https://cache.lix.systems https://conduwuit.cachix.org
+    extra-trusted-public-keys = conduit:eEKoUwlQGDdYmAI/Q/0slVlegqh/QmAvQd7HBSm21Wk= conduwuit:BbycGUgTISsltcmH0qNjFR9dbrQNYgdIAcmViSGoVTE= cache.lix.systems:aBnZUw8zA7H35Cz2RyKFVs3H4PlGTLawyY5KRbvJR8o= conduwuit.cachix.org-1:MFRm6jcnfTf0jSAbmvLfhO3KBMt4px+1xaereWXp8Xg=

 # Allow only one concurrent deployment, skipping runs queued between the run in-progress and latest queued.
 # However, do NOT cancel in-progress runs as we want to allow these production deployments to complete.
@@ -44,6 +47,9 @@ jobs:
      url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}

    steps:
+      - name: Free Disk Space (Ubuntu)
+        uses: jlumbroso/free-disk-space@main
+
      - name: Sync repository
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

@@ -98,13 +104,29 @@ jobs:
      - name: Prepare build environment
        run: |
            echo 'source $HOME/.nix-profile/share/nix-direnv/direnvrc' > "$HOME/.direnvrc"
-            nix profile install --impure --inputs-from . nixpkgs#direnv nixpkgs#nix-direnv
+            nix profile install --inputs-from . nixpkgs#direnv nixpkgs#nix-direnv
            direnv allow
            nix develop --command true

      - name: Cache CI dependencies
        run: |
-            bin/nix-build-and-cache ci
+            # attic nix binary cache server is very, very terribly flakey. nothing i can do to fix it other than retry multiple times here
+            ATTEMPTS=3
+            SUCCESS=false
+            while (( ATTEMPTS-- > 0 ))
+            do
+              bin/nix-build-and-cache ci
+              if [[ $? == 0 ]]; then
+                SUCCESS=true
+                break
+              else
+                sleep 3
+              fi
+            done
+
+            if [[ $SUCCESS == "false" ]]; then
+              exit 1
+            fi

      - name: Run lychee and markdownlint
        run: |
@@ -113,8 +135,26 @@ jobs:

      - name: Build documentation (book)
        run: |
-          ./bin/nix-build-and-cache just .#book
-          cp -r --dereference result public
+            # attic nix binary cache server is very, very terribly flakey. nothing i can do to fix it other than retry multiple times here
+            ATTEMPTS=3
+            SUCCESS=false
+            while (( ATTEMPTS-- > 0 ))
+            do
+              bin/nix-build-and-cache just .#book
+              if [[ $? == 0 ]]; then
+                SUCCESS=true
+                break
+              else
+                sleep 3
+              fi
+            done
+
+            if [[ $SUCCESS == "false" ]]; then
+              exit 1
+            fi
+
+            cp -r --dereference result public
+
      - name: Upload generated documentation (book) as normal artifact
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
        with:
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Run Trivy code and vulnerability scanner on repo
-        uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@0.23.0
+        uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@0.24.0
        with:
          scan-type: repo
          format: sarif
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
          severity: CRITICAL,HIGH,MEDIUM,LOW

      - name: Run Trivy code and vulnerability scanner on filesystem
-        uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@0.23.0
+        uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@0.24.0
        with:
          scan-type: fs
          format: sarif
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ before_script:

 ci:
  stage: ci
-  image: nixos/nix:2.23.1
+  image: nixos/nix:2.23.3
  script:
    # Cache CI dependencies
    - ./bin/nix-build-and-cache ci
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ ci:

 artifacts:
  stage: artifacts
-  image: nixos/nix:2.23.1
+  image: nixos/nix:2.23.3
  script:
    - ./bin/nix-build-and-cache just .#static-x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
    - cp result/bin/conduit x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ The following binaries are used in [`engage.toml`][engage.toml]:
 - [`cargo-deb`][cargo-deb]
 - [`lychee`][lychee]
 - [`markdownlint-cli`][markdownlint-cli]
+- `dpkg`

 ### Matrix tests

@@ -14,17 +14,33 @@ categories = ["network-programming"]
 description = "a very cool fork of Conduit, a Matrix homeserver written in Rust"
 edition = "2021"
 homepage = "https://conduwuit.puppyirl.gay/"
-keywords = ["chat", "matrix", "server"]
+keywords = ["chat", "matrix", "server", "uwu"]
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 # See also `rust-toolchain.toml`
 readme = "README.md"
 repository = "https://github.com/girlbossceo/conduwuit"
-rust-version = "1.77.0"
-version = "0.4.4"
+rust-version = "1.80.0"
+version = "0.4.6"

 [workspace.metadata.crane]
 name = "conduit"

+[workspace.dependencies.const-str]
+version = "0.5.7"
+
+[workspace.dependencies.ctor]
+version = "0.2.8"
+
+[workspace.dependencies.cargo_toml]
+version = "0.20"
+default-features = false
+features = ["features"]
+
+[workspace.dependencies.toml]
+version = "0.8.14"
+default-features = false
+features = ["parse"]
+
 [workspace.dependencies.sanitize-filename]
 version = "0.5.0"

@@ -50,7 +66,7 @@ version = "0.8.5"

 # Used for the http request / response body type for Ruma endpoints used with reqwest
 [workspace.dependencies.bytes]
-version = "1.6.0"
+version = "1.6.1"

 [workspace.dependencies.http-body-util]
 version = "0.1.1"
@@ -81,6 +97,7 @@ features = ["typed-header", "tracing"]

 [workspace.dependencies.axum-server]
 version = "0.6.0"
+default-features = false
 features = ["tls-rustls"]

 [workspace.dependencies.axum-client-ip]
@@ -88,10 +105,12 @@ version = "0.6.0"

 [workspace.dependencies.tower]
 version = "0.4.13"
+default-features = false
 features = ["util"]

 [workspace.dependencies.tower-http]
 version = "0.5.2"
+default-features = false
 features = [
    "add-extension",
    "cors",
@@ -113,11 +132,13 @@ features = [
 ]

 [workspace.dependencies.serde]
-version = "1.0.203"
+version = "1.0.204"
+default-features = false
 features = ["rc"]

 [workspace.dependencies.serde_json]
-version = "1.0.120"
+version = "1.0.121"
+default-features = false
 features = ["raw_value"]

 # Used for appservice registration files
@@ -169,7 +190,7 @@ default-features = false

 # used for conduit's CLI and admin room command parsing
 [workspace.dependencies.clap]
-version = "4.5.4"
+version = "4.5.9"
 default-features = false
 features = [
 	"std",
@@ -185,7 +206,8 @@ version = "0.3.30"
 default-features = false

 [workspace.dependencies.tokio]
-version = "1.38.0"
+version = "1.39.2"
+default-features = false
 features = [
 	"fs",
 	"net",
@@ -197,12 +219,16 @@ features = [
 	"io-util",
 ]

+[workspace.dependencies.tokio-metrics]
+version = "0.3.1"
+
 [workspace.dependencies.libloading]
-version = "0.8.3"
+version = "0.8.5"

 # Validating urls in config, was already a transitive dependency
 [workspace.dependencies.url]
 version = "2.5.0"
+default-features = false
 features = ["serde"]

 # standard date and time tools
@@ -212,7 +238,8 @@ features = ["alloc", "std"]
 default-features = false

 [workspace.dependencies.hyper]
-version = "1.4.0"
+version = "1.4.1"
+default-features = false
 features = [
 	"server",
 	"http1",
@@ -221,6 +248,7 @@ features = [

 [workspace.dependencies.hyper-util]
 version = "0.1.6"
+default-features = false
 features = [
 	"client",
 	"server-auto",
@@ -232,11 +260,13 @@ features = [
 # to support multiple variations of setting a config option
 [workspace.dependencies.either]
 version = "1.11.0"
+default-features = false
 features = ["serde"]

 # Used for reading the configuration from conduwuit.toml & environment variables
 [workspace.dependencies.figment]
 version = "0.10.18"
+default-features = false
 features = ["env", "toml"]

 [workspace.dependencies.hickory-resolver]
@@ -245,7 +275,7 @@ default-features = false

 # Used for conduit::Error type
 [workspace.dependencies.thiserror]
-version = "1.0.61"
+version = "1.0.63"

 # Used when hashing the state
 [workspace.dependencies.ring]
@@ -265,7 +295,7 @@ version = "2.1.1"
 version = "0.3.1"

 [workspace.dependencies.async-trait]
-version = "0.1.80"
+version = "0.1.81"

 [workspace.dependencies.lru-cache]
 version = "0.1.2"
@@ -274,7 +304,7 @@ version = "0.1.2"
 [workspace.dependencies.ruma]
 git = "https://github.com/girlbossceo/ruwuma"
 #branch = "conduwuit-changes"
-rev = "c51ccb2c68d2e3557eb12b1a49036531711ec0e5"
+rev = "c76e2873c1593a3308d4ba3e0e4a1db65acf8536"
 features = [
    "compat",
    "rand",
@@ -287,6 +317,7 @@ features = [
    "server-util",
    "unstable-exhaustive-types",
    "ring-compat",
+    "identifiers-validation",
    "unstable-unspecified",
    "unstable-msc2448",
    "unstable-msc2666",
@@ -301,17 +332,12 @@ features = [
    "unstable-extensible-events",
 ]

-[workspace.dependencies.ruma-identifiers-validation]
-git = "https://github.com/girlbossceo/ruwuma"
-rev = "fd686e77950680462377c9105dfb4136dd49c7a0"
-
 [workspace.dependencies.rust-rocksdb]
 path = "deps/rust-rocksdb"
 package = "rust-rocksdb-uwu"
 features = [
 	"multi-threaded-cf",
 	"mt_static",
-	"snappy",
 	"lz4",
 	"zstd",
 	"zlib",
@@ -334,7 +360,7 @@ version = "0.21.0"
 version = "0.2.0"

 [workspace.dependencies.tracing-opentelemetry]
-version = "0.22.0"
+version = "0.25.0"

 [workspace.dependencies.opentelemetry_sdk]
 version = "0.21.2"
@@ -367,28 +393,26 @@ version = "0.34.0"
 version = "0.34.0"

 # jemalloc usage
+# locked to 0.5.4 due to static binary linking breakage
 [workspace.dependencies.tikv-jemalloc-sys]
-version = "0.5.4"
+version = "=0.5.4"
 default-features = false
 features = ["stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"]
 [workspace.dependencies.tikv-jemallocator]
-version = "0.5.4"
+version = "=0.5.4"
 default-features = false
 features = ["stats", "unprefixed_malloc_on_supported_platforms"]
 [workspace.dependencies.tikv-jemalloc-ctl]
-version = "0.5.4"
+version = "=0.5.4"
 default-features = false
 features = ["use_std"]

-[workspace.dependencies.tokio-metrics]
-version = "0.3.1"
-default-features = false
-
 [workspace.dependencies.console-subscriber]
-version = "0.3"
+version = "0.4"

 [workspace.dependencies.nix]
 version = "0.29.0"
+default-features = false
 features = ["resource"]

 [workspace.dependencies.sd-notify]
@@ -405,11 +429,26 @@ features = [

 [workspace.dependencies.rustyline-async]
 version = "0.4.2"
+default-features = false

 [workspace.dependencies.termimad]
 version = "0.29.4"
 default-features = false

+[workspace.dependencies.checked_ops]
+version = "0.1"
+
+[workspace.dependencies.syn]
+version = "2.0.72"
+default-features = false
+features = ["full", "extra-traits"]
+
+[workspace.dependencies.quote]
+version = "1.0.36"
+
+[workspace.dependencies.proc-macro2]
+version = "1.0.86"
+

 #
 # Patches
@@ -420,16 +459,16 @@ default-features = false
 # https://github.com/girlbossceo/tracing/commit/b348dca742af641c47bc390261f60711c2af573c
 [patch.crates-io.tracing-subscriber]
 git = "https://github.com/girlbossceo/tracing"
-rev = "b348dca742af641c47bc390261f60711c2af573c"
+rev = "4d78a14a5e03f539b8c6b475aefa08bb14e4de91"
 [patch.crates-io.tracing]
 git = "https://github.com/girlbossceo/tracing"
-rev = "b348dca742af641c47bc390261f60711c2af573c"
+rev = "4d78a14a5e03f539b8c6b475aefa08bb14e4de91"
 [patch.crates-io.tracing-core]
 git = "https://github.com/girlbossceo/tracing"
-rev = "b348dca742af641c47bc390261f60711c2af573c"
+rev = "4d78a14a5e03f539b8c6b475aefa08bb14e4de91"
 [patch.crates-io.tracing-log]
 git = "https://github.com/girlbossceo/tracing"
-rev = "b348dca742af641c47bc390261f60711c2af573c"
+rev = "4d78a14a5e03f539b8c6b475aefa08bb14e4de91"

 # fixes hyper graceful shutdowns [https://github.com/programatik29/axum-server/issues/114]
 # https://github.com/girlbossceo/axum-server/commit/8e3368d899079818934e61cc9c839abcbbcada8a
@@ -437,6 +476,12 @@ rev = "b348dca742af641c47bc390261f60711c2af573c"
 git = "https://github.com/girlbossceo/axum-server"
 rev = "8e3368d899079818934e61cc9c839abcbbcada8a"

+# adds a tab completion callback: https://github.com/girlbossceo/rustyline-async/commit/de26100b0db03e419a3d8e1dd26895d170d1fe50
+# adds event for CTRL+\: https://github.com/girlbossceo/rustyline-async/commit/67d8c49aeac03a5ef4e818f663eaa94dd7bf339b
+[patch.crates-io.rustyline-async]
+git = "https://github.com/girlbossceo/rustyline-async"
+rev = "de26100b0db03e419a3d8e1dd26895d170d1fe50"
+
 #
 # Our crates
 #
@@ -471,6 +516,11 @@ package = "conduit_core"
 path = "src/core"
 default-features = false

+[workspace.dependencies.conduit-macros]
+package = "conduit_macros"
+path = "src/macros"
+default-features = false
+
 ###############################################################################
 #
 # Release profiles
@@ -519,7 +569,17 @@ lto = "fat"
 [profile.release-max-perf.build-override]
 inherits = "release-max-perf"
 opt-level = 0
+codegen-units = 32
 #rustflags = [
+#	'-Crelocation-model=pic',
+#	'-Ctarget-feature=-crt-static',
+#	'-Clink-arg=-Wl,--no-gc-sections',
+#]
+
+[profile.release-max-perf.package.conduit_macros]
+inherits = "release-max-perf.build-override"
+#rustflags = [
+#	'-Crelocation-model=pic',
 #	'-Ctarget-feature=-crt-static',
 #]

@@ -648,7 +708,16 @@ opt-level = 'z'
 #	'-Clink-arg=-Wl,-z,nodelete',
 #]

+# primarily used for CI
 [profile.test]
+inherits = "dev"
+codegen-units = 16
+incremental = false
+
+[profile.test.package.'*']
+inherits = "dev"
+debug = 0
+codegen-units = 16
 incremental = false

 ###############################################################################
@@ -710,47 +779,39 @@ variant_size_differences = "allow"
 [workspace.lints.clippy]

 ###################
-cargo = "warn"
+cargo = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }

 ## some sadness
 multiple_crate_versions = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }

 ###################
-complexity = "warn"
+complexity = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }

 ###################
-correctness = "warn"
+correctness = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }

 ###################
-nursery = "warn"
+nursery = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }

 ## some sadness
 missing_const_for_fn = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }             # TODO
-needless_collect = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }                 # TODO
 option_if_let_else = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }               # TODO
 redundant_pub_crate = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }              # TODO
 significant_drop_in_scrutinee = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }    # TODO
 significant_drop_tightening = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }      # TODO

 ###################
-pedantic = "warn"
+pedantic = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }

 ## some sadness
-cast_possible_truncation = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
-cast_precision_loss = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
-cast_sign_loss = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
 doc_markdown = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
-error_impl_error = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
-expect_used = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
+enum_glob_use = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
 if_not_else = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
 if_then_some_else_none = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
-implicit_return = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
 inline_always = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
-map_err_ignore = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
 missing_docs_in_private_items = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
 missing_errors_doc = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
 missing_panics_doc = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
-mod_module_files = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
 module_name_repetitions = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
 no_effect_underscore_binding = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
 similar_names = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
@@ -759,13 +820,15 @@ unnecessary_wraps = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
 unused_async = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }

 ###################
-perf = "warn"
+perf = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }

 ###################
 #restriction = "warn"

-#arithmetic_side_effects = "warn"                                    # TODO
-#as_conversions = "warn"                                             # TODO
+#allow_attributes = "warn"                                           # UNSTABLE
+arithmetic_side_effects = "warn"
+as_conversions = "warn"
+as_underscore = "warn"
 assertions_on_result_states = "warn"
 dbg_macro = "warn"
 default_union_representation = "warn"
@@ -779,7 +842,6 @@ fn_to_numeric_cast_any = "warn"
 format_push_string = "warn"
 get_unwrap = "warn"
 impl_trait_in_params = "warn"
-let_underscore_must_use = "warn"
 let_underscore_untyped = "warn"
 lossy_float_literal = "warn"
 mem_forget = "warn"
@@ -793,6 +855,7 @@ rest_pat_in_fully_bound_structs = "warn"
 semicolon_outside_block = "warn"
 str_to_string = "warn"
 string_lit_chars_any = "warn"
+string_slice = "warn"
 string_to_string = "warn"
 suspicious_xor_used_as_pow = "warn"
 tests_outside_test_module = "warn"
@@ -803,17 +866,19 @@ unnecessary_safety_doc = "warn"
 unnecessary_self_imports = "warn"
 unneeded_field_pattern = "warn"
 unseparated_literal_suffix = "warn"
+#unwrap_used = "warn"                                                # TODO
 verbose_file_reads = "warn"

 ###################
-style = "warn"
+style = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }

 ## some sadness
 # trivial assertions are quite alright
 assertions_on_constants = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
+module_inception = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }

 ###################
-suspicious = "warn"
+suspicious = { level = "warn", priority = -1 }

 ## some sadness
 let_underscore_future = { level = "allow", priority = 1 }
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ set -euo pipefail
 # The `COMPLEMENT_SRC` environment variable is set in the Nix dev shell, which
 # points to a store path containing the Complement source code. It's likely you
 # want to just pass that as the first argument to use it here.
-COMPLEMENT_SRC="$1"
+COMPLEMENT_SRC="${COMPLEMENT_SRC:-$1}"

 # A `.jsonl` file to write test logs to
 LOG_FILE="$2"
@@ -17,12 +17,19 @@ RESULTS_FILE="$3"

 OCI_IMAGE="complement-conduit:main"

-# Complement tests that are skipped due to flakiness/reliability issues (likely
-# Complement itself induced based on various open issues)
-#
-# According to Go docs, these are separated by forward slashes and not pipes (why)
+# Complement tests that are skipped due to flakiness/reliability issues
 SKIPPED_COMPLEMENT_TESTS='-skip=TestClientSpacesSummary.*|TestJoinFederatedRoomFromApplicationServiceBridgeUser.*|TestJumpToDateEndpoint.*'

+# $COMPLEMENT_SRC needs to be a directory to Complement source code
+if [ -f "$COMPLEMENT_SRC" ]; then
+    echo "\$COMPLEMENT_SRC must be a directory/path to Complement source code"
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# quick test to make sure we can actually write to $LOG_FILE and $RESULTS_FILE
+touch $LOG_FILE && rm -v $LOG_FILE
+touch $RESULTS_FILE && rm -v $RESULTS_FILE
+
 toplevel="$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)"

 pushd "$toplevel" > /dev/null
@@ -52,11 +52,22 @@

 # Performance monitoring/tracing sample rate for Sentry.io
 #
-# Note that too high values may impact performance, and can be disabled by setting it to 0.0
+# Note that too high values may impact performance, and can be disabled by setting it to 0.0 (0%)
+# This value is read as a percentage to Sentry, represented as a decimal
 #
-# Defaults to 0.15
+# Defaults to 15% of traces (0.15)
 #sentry_traces_sample_rate = 0.15

+# Whether to attach a stacktrace to Sentry reports.
+#sentry_attach_stacktrace = false
+
+# Send panics to sentry. This is true by default, but sentry has to be enabled.
+#sentry_send_panic = true
+
+# Send errors to sentry. This is true by default, but sentry has to be enabled. This option is
+# only effective in release-mode; forced to false in debug-mode.
+#sentry_send_error = true
+

 ### Database configuration

@@ -391,7 +402,7 @@ allow_profile_lookup_federation_requests = true
 # setting this to false may reduce startup time.
 #
 # Enabled by default.
-#media_statup_check = true
+#media_startup_check = true

 # OpenID token expiration/TTL in seconds
 #
@@ -411,8 +422,11 @@ allow_profile_lookup_federation_requests = true

 # Set this to any float value to multiply conduwuit's in-memory LRU caches with.
 # May be useful if you have significant memory to spare to increase performance.
+#
+# This was previously called `conduit_cache_capacity_modifier`
+#
 # Defaults to 1.0.
-#conduit_cache_capacity_modifier = 1.0
+#cache_capacity_modifier = 1.0

 # Set this to any float value in megabytes for conduwuit to tell the database engine that this much memory is available for database-related caches.
 # May be useful if you have significant memory to spare to increase performance.
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ repository.workspace = true
 version = "0.0.1"

 [features]
-default = ["snappy", "lz4", "zstd", "zlib", "bzip2"]
+default = ["lz4", "zstd", "zlib", "bzip2"]
 jemalloc = ["rust-rocksdb/jemalloc"]
 io-uring = ["rust-rocksdb/io-uring"]
 valgrind = ["rust-rocksdb/valgrind"]
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ malloc-usable-size = ["rust-rocksdb/malloc-usable-size"]

 [dependencies.rust-rocksdb]
 git = "https://github.com/zaidoon1/rust-rocksdb"
-rev = "b4887edfb84771336930855727390edec07d63fa"
+rev = "4056a3b0f823013fec49f6d0b3e5698856e6476a"
 #branch = "master"
 default-features = false

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # conduwuit - Behind Traefik Reverse Proxy
-version: '2.4' # uses '2.4' for cpuset

 services:
    homeserver:
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ services:
            CONDUWUIT_TRUSTED_SERVERS: '["matrix.org"]'
            #CONDUWUIT_LOG: warn,state_res=warn
            CONDUWUIT_ADDRESS: 0.0.0.0
-            #CONDUWUIT_CONFIG: './conduwuit.toml' # Uncomment if you mapped config toml above
+            #CONDUWUIT_CONFIG: '/etc/conduwuit.toml' # Uncomment if you mapped config toml above
        #cpuset: "0-4" # Uncomment to limit to specific CPU cores

    # We need some way to server the client and server .well-known json. The simplest way is to use a nginx container
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # conduwuit - Traefik Reverse Proxy Labels
-version: '2.4' # uses '2.4' for cpuset

 services:
    homeserver:
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+services:
+    caddy:
+    # This compose file uses caddy-docker-proxy as the reverse proxy for conduwuit!
+    # For more info, visit https://github.com/lucaslorentz/caddy-docker-proxy
+        image: lucaslorentz/caddy-docker-proxy:ci-alpine
+        ports:
+            - 80:80
+            - 443:443
+        environment:
+            - CADDY_INGRESS_NETWORKS=caddy
+        networks:
+            - caddy
+        volumes:
+            - /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
+            - ./data:/data
+        restart: unless-stopped
+        labels:
+            caddy: example.com
+            caddy.0_respond: /.well-known/matrix/server {"m.server":"matrix.example.com:443"}
+            caddy.1_respond: /.well-known/matrix/client {"m.server":{"base_url":"https://matrix.example.com"},"m.homeserver":{"base_url":"https://matrix.example.com"},"org.matrix.msc3575.proxy":{"url":"https://matrix.example.com"}}
+
+    homeserver:
+        ### If you already built the conduwuit image with 'docker build' or want to use a registry image,
+        ### then you are ready to go.
+        image: girlbossceo/conduwuit:latest
+        restart: unless-stopped
+        volumes:
+            - db:/var/lib/conduwuit
+            #- ./conduwuit.toml:/etc/conduwuit.toml
+        environment:
+            CONDUWUIT_SERVER_NAME: example.com # EDIT THIS
+            CONDUWUIT_DATABASE_PATH: /var/lib/conduwuit
+            CONDUWUIT_DATABASE_BACKEND: rocksdb
+            CONDUWUIT_PORT: 6167
+            CONDUWUIT_MAX_REQUEST_SIZE: 20_000_000 # in bytes, ~20 MB
+            CONDUWUIT_ALLOW_REGISTRATION: 'true'
+            CONDUWUIT_ALLOW_FEDERATION: 'true'
+            CONDUWUIT_ALLOW_CHECK_FOR_UPDATES: 'true'
+            CONDUWUIT_TRUSTED_SERVERS: '["matrix.org"]'
+            #CONDUWUIT_LOG: warn,state_res=warn
+            CONDUWUIT_ADDRESS: 0.0.0.0
+            #CONDUWUIT_CONFIG: '/etc/conduwuit.toml' # Uncomment if you mapped config toml above
+        networks:
+            - caddy
+        labels:
+            caddy: matrix.example.com
+            caddy.reverse_proxy: "{{upstreams 6167}}"
+
+volumes:
+    db:
+
+networks:
+    caddy:
+        external: true
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # conduwuit - Behind Traefik Reverse Proxy
-version: '2.4' # uses '2.4' for cpuset

 services:
    homeserver:
@@ -16,7 +15,7 @@ services:
            CONDUWUIT_SERVER_NAME: your.server.name # EDIT THIS
            CONDUWUIT_TRUSTED_SERVERS: '["matrix.org"]'
            CONDUWUIT_ALLOW_REGISTRATION : 'true'
-            #CONDUWUIT_CONFIG: './conduwuit.toml' # Uncomment if you mapped config toml above
+            #CONDUWUIT_CONFIG: '/etc/conduwuit.toml' # Uncomment if you mapped config toml above
            ### Uncomment and change values as desired
            # CONDUWUIT_ADDRESS: 0.0.0.0
            # CONDUWUIT_PORT: 6167
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ services:
            # CONDUWUIT_DATABASE_PATH: /srv/conduwuit/.local/share/conduwuit
            # CONDUWUIT_WORKERS: 10
            # CONDUWUIT_MAX_REQUEST_SIZE: 20000000  # in bytes, ~20 MB
-        #cpuset: "0-4" # Uncomment to limit to specific CPU cores

    # We need some way to server the client and server .well-known json. The simplest way is to use a nginx container
    # to serve those two as static files. If you want to use a different way, delete or comment the below service, here
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # conduwuit
-version: '2.4' # uses '2.4' for cpuset

 services:
    homeserver:
@@ -24,8 +23,7 @@ services:
            CONDUWUIT_TRUSTED_SERVERS: '["matrix.org"]'
            #CONDUWUIT_LOG: warn,state_res=warn
            CONDUWUIT_ADDRESS: 0.0.0.0
-            #CONDUWUIT_CONFIG: './conduwuit.toml' # Uncomment if you mapped config toml above
-        #cpuset: "0-4" # Uncomment to limit to specific CPU cores
+            #CONDUWUIT_CONFIG: '/etc/conduwuit.toml' # Uncomment if you mapped config toml above
    #
    ### Uncomment if you want to use your own Element-Web App.
    ### Note: You need to provide a config.json for Element and you also need a second
@@ -59,13 +59,22 @@ If the `docker run` command is not for you or your setup, you can also use one o
 Depending on your proxy setup, you can use one of the following files;

 - If you already have a `traefik` instance set up, use [`docker-compose.for-traefik.yml`](docker-compose.for-traefik.yml)
- If you don't have a `traefik` instance set up (or any other reverse proxy), use [`docker-compose.with-traefik.yml`](docker-compose.with-traefik.yml)
+- If you don't have a `traefik` instance set up and would like to use it, use [`docker-compose.with-traefik.yml`](docker-compose.with-traefik.yml)
+- If you want a setup that works out of the box with `caddy-docker-proxy`, use [`docker-compose.with-caddy.yml`](docker-compose.with-caddy.yml) and replace all `example.com` placeholders with your own domain
 - For any other reverse proxy, use [`docker-compose.yml`](docker-compose.yml)

 When picking the traefik-related compose file, rename it so it matches `docker-compose.yml`, and
 rename the override file to `docker-compose.override.yml`. Edit the latter with the values you want
 for your server.

+When picking the `caddy-docker-proxy` compose file, it's important to first create the `caddy` network before spinning up the containers:
+
+```bash
+docker network create caddy
+```
+
+After that, you can rename it so it matches `docker-compose.yml` and spin up the containers!
+
 Additional info about deploying conduwuit can be found [here](generic.md).

 ### Build
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ Otherwise, follow standard Rust project build guides (installing git and cloning
 While conduwuit can run as any user it is better to use dedicated users for different services. This also allows
 you to make sure that the file permissions are correctly set up.

-In Debian or RHEL, you can use this command to create a conduwuit user:
+In Debian or Fedora/RHEL, you can use this command to create a conduwuit user:

 ```bash
 sudo adduser --system conduwuit --group --disabled-login --no-create-home
@@ -53,13 +53,11 @@ RocksDB is the only supported database backend.

 ## Setting the correct file permissions

-If you are using a dedicated user for conduwuit, you will need to allow it to read the config. To do that you can run this command on
-
-Debian or RHEL:
+If you are using a dedicated user for conduwuit, you will need to allow it to read the config. To do that you can run this:

 ```bash
 sudo chown -R root:root /etc/conduwuit
-sudo chmod 755 /etc/conduwuit
+sudo chmod -R 755 /etc/conduwuit
 ```

 If you use the default database path you also need to run this:
@@ -60,6 +60,11 @@ name = "markdownlint"
 group = "versions"
 script = "markdownlint --version"

+[[task]]
+name = "dpkg"
+group = "versions"
+script = "dpkg --version"
+
 [[task]]
 name = "cargo-audit"
 group = "security"
@@ -68,7 +73,9 @@ script = "cargo audit -D warnings -D unmaintained -D unsound -D yanked"
 [[task]]
 name = "cargo-fmt"
 group = "lints"
-script = "cargo fmt --check -- --color=always"
+script = """
+cargo fmt --check -- --color=always
+"""

 [[task]]
 name = "cargo-doc"
@@ -79,6 +86,7 @@ env DIRENV_DEVSHELL=all-features \
    direnv exec . \
    cargo doc \
        --workspace \
+        --profile test \
        --all-features \
        --no-deps \
        --document-private-items \
@@ -91,6 +99,7 @@ group = "lints"
 script = """
 cargo clippy \
    --workspace \
+    --profile test \
    --all-targets \
    --color=always \
    -- \
@@ -105,6 +114,7 @@ env DIRENV_DEVSHELL=all-features \
    direnv exec . \
    cargo clippy \
        --workspace \
+        --profile test \
        --all-targets \
        --all-features \
        --color=always \
@@ -118,6 +128,7 @@ group = "lints"
 script = """
 cargo clippy \
    --workspace \
+    --profile test \
    --features jemalloc \
    --all-targets \
    --color=always \
@@ -156,6 +167,7 @@ env DIRENV_DEVSHELL=all-features \
    direnv exec . \
    cargo test \
        --workspace \
+        --profile test \
        --all-targets \
        --all-features \
        --color=always \
@@ -169,6 +181,7 @@ group = "tests"
 script = """
 cargo test \
    --workspace \
+    --profile test \
    --all-targets \
    --color=always \
    -- \
@@ -184,5 +197,12 @@ cargo test \
 name = "nix-default"
 group = "tests"
 script = """
-nix run .#default -- --help
+env DIRENV_DEVSHELL=dynamic \
+    CARGO_PROFILE="test" \
+    direnv exec . \
+    bin/nix-build-and-cache just .#default-test
+env DIRENV_DEVSHELL=dynamic \
+    CARGO_PROFILE="test" \
+    direnv exec . \
+    nix run -L .#default-test -- --help && nix run -L .#default-test -- --version
 """
@@ -9,11 +9,11 @@
        "nixpkgs-stable": "nixpkgs-stable"
      },
      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1717279440,
-        "narHash": "sha256-kH04ReTjxOpQumgWnqy40vvQLSnLGxWP6RF3nq5Esrk=",
+        "lastModified": 1720542474,
+        "narHash": "sha256-aKjJ/4l2I9+wNGTaOGRsuS3M1+IoTibqgEMPDikXm04=",
        "owner": "zhaofengli",
        "repo": "attic",
-        "rev": "717cc95983cdc357bc347d70be20ced21f935843",
+        "rev": "6139576a3ce6bb992e0f6c3022528ec233e45f00",
        "type": "github"
      },
      "original": {
@@ -81,11 +81,11 @@
    "complement": {
      "flake": false,
      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1719903368,
-        "narHash": "sha256-PPzgxM4Bir+Zh9FUV/v+RBxEYeJxYVmi/BYo3uqt268=",
+        "lastModified": 1720637557,
+        "narHash": "sha256-oZz6nCmFmdJZpC+K1iOG2KkzTI6rlAmndxANPDVU7X0=",
        "owner": "matrix-org",
        "repo": "complement",
-        "rev": "bc97f1ddc1cd7485faf80c8935ee2641f3e1b57c",
+        "rev": "0d14432e010482ea9e13a6f7c47c1533c0c9d62f",
        "type": "github"
      },
      "original": {
@@ -123,11 +123,11 @@
        ]
      },
      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1716569590,
-        "narHash": "sha256-5eDbq8TuXFGGO3mqJFzhUbt5zHVTf5zilQoyW5jnJwo=",
+        "lastModified": 1720546058,
+        "narHash": "sha256-iU2yVaPIZm5vMGdlT0+57vdB/aPq/V5oZFBRwYw+HBM=",
        "owner": "ipetkov",
        "repo": "crane",
-        "rev": "109987da061a1bf452f435f1653c47511587d919",
+        "rev": "2d83156f23c43598cf44e152c33a59d3892f8b29",
        "type": "github"
      },
      "original": {
@@ -209,11 +209,11 @@
        "rust-analyzer-src": "rust-analyzer-src"
      },
      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1716359173,
-        "narHash": "sha256-pYcjP6Gy7i6jPWrjiWAVV0BCQp+DdmGaI/k65lBb/kM=",
+        "lastModified": 1720852044,
+        "narHash": "sha256-3NBYz8VuXuKU+8ONd9NFafCNjPEGHIZQ2Mdoam1a4mY=",
        "owner": "nix-community",
        "repo": "fenix",
-        "rev": "b6fc5035b28e36a98370d0eac44f4ef3fd323df6",
+        "rev": "5087b12a595ee73131a944d922f24d81dae05725",
        "type": "github"
      },
      "original": {
@@ -381,11 +381,11 @@
    "liburing": {
      "flake": false,
      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1719025212,
-        "narHash": "sha256-kD0yhjNStqC6uFqC1AxBwUpc/HlSFtiKrV+gwDyroDc=",
+        "lastModified": 1720798442,
+        "narHash": "sha256-gtPppAoksMLW4GuruQ36nf4EAqIA1Bs6V9Xcx8dBxrQ=",
        "owner": "axboe",
        "repo": "liburing",
-        "rev": "7b3245583069bd481190c9da18f22e9fc8c3a805",
+        "rev": "1d674f83b7d0f07553ac44d99a401b05853d9dbe",
        "type": "github"
      },
      "original": {
@@ -606,11 +606,11 @@
    },
    "nixpkgs_4": {
      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1716330097,
-        "narHash": "sha256-8BO3B7e3BiyIDsaKA0tY8O88rClYRTjvAp66y+VBUeU=",
+        "lastModified": 1720768451,
+        "narHash": "sha256-EYekUHJE2gxeo2pM/zM9Wlqw1Uw2XTJXOSAO79ksc4Y=",
        "owner": "NixOS",
        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "5710852ba686cc1fd0d3b8e22b3117d43ba374c2",
+        "rev": "7e7c39ea35c5cdd002cd4588b03a3fb9ece6fad9",
        "type": "github"
      },
      "original": {
@@ -673,16 +673,16 @@
    "rocksdb": {
      "flake": false,
      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1719949653,
-        "narHash": "sha256-DYx7XHH2GEh17GukKhXs6laM6l+eugCmRkF0adpi9wk=",
+        "lastModified": 1720900786,
+        "narHash": "sha256-Vta9Um/RRuWwZ46BjXftV06iWLm/j/9MX39emXUvSAY=",
        "owner": "girlbossceo",
        "repo": "rocksdb",
-        "rev": "a935c0273e1ba44eacf88ce3685a9b9831486155",
+        "rev": "911f4243e69c2e320a7a209bf1f5f3ff5f825495",
        "type": "github"
      },
      "original": {
        "owner": "girlbossceo",
-        "ref": "v9.3.1",
+        "ref": "v9.4.0",
        "repo": "rocksdb",
        "type": "github"
      }
@@ -705,11 +705,11 @@
    "rust-analyzer-src": {
      "flake": false,
      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1716107283,
-        "narHash": "sha256-NJgrwLiLGHDrCia5AeIvZUHUY7xYGVryee0/9D3Ir1I=",
+        "lastModified": 1720717809,
+        "narHash": "sha256-6I+fm+nTLF/iaj7ffiFGlSY7POmubwUaPA/Wq0Bm53M=",
        "owner": "rust-lang",
        "repo": "rust-analyzer",
-        "rev": "21ec8f523812b88418b2bfc64240c62b3dd967bd",
+        "rev": "ffbc5ad993d5cd2f3b8bcf9a511165470944ab91",
        "type": "github"
      },
      "original": {
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@
    flake-utils.url = "github:numtide/flake-utils?ref=main";
    nix-filter.url = "github:numtide/nix-filter?ref=main";
    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs?ref=nixos-unstable";
-    # https://github.com/girlbossceo/rocksdb/commit/db6df0b185774778457dabfcbd822cb81760cade
-    rocksdb = { url = "github:girlbossceo/rocksdb?ref=v9.3.1"; flake = false; };
+    rocksdb = { url = "github:girlbossceo/rocksdb?ref=v9.4.0"; flake = false; };
    liburing = { url = "github:axboe/liburing?ref=master"; flake = false; };
  };

@@ -25,7 +24,7 @@
        file = ./rust-toolchain.toml;

        # See also `rust-toolchain.toml`
-        sha256 = "sha256-+syqAd2kX8KVa8/U2gz3blIQTTsYYt3U63xBWaGOSc8";
+        sha256 = "sha256-6eN/GKzjVSjEhGO9FhWObkRFaE1Jf+uqMSdQnb8lcB4=";
      };

      mkScope = pkgs: pkgs.lib.makeScope pkgs.newScope (self: {
@@ -42,6 +41,37 @@
            "v"
            (builtins.fromJSON (builtins.readFile ./flake.lock))
              .nodes.rocksdb.original.ref;
+          # we have this already at https://github.com/girlbossceo/rocksdb/commit/a935c0273e1ba44eacf88ce3685a9b9831486155
+          # unsetting this so i don't have to revert it and make this nix exclusive
+          patches = [];
+          cmakeFlags = pkgs.lib.subtractLists
+            [
+              # no real reason to have snappy, no one uses this
+              "-DWITH_SNAPPY=1"
+              # we dont need to use ldb or sst_dump (core_tools)
+              "-DWITH_CORE_TOOLS=1"
+              # we dont need to build rocksdb tests
+              "-DWITH_TESTS=1"
+              # we use rust-rocksdb via C interface and dont need C++ RTTI
+              "-DUSE_RTTI=1"
+            ]
+            old.cmakeFlags
+            ++ [
+              # we dont need to use ldb or sst_dump (core_tools)
+              "-DWITH_CORE_TOOLS=0"
+              # we dont need trace tools
+              "-DWITH_TRACE_TOOLS=0"
+              # we dont need to build rocksdb tests
+              "-DWITH_TESTS=0"
+              # we use rust-rocksdb via C interface and dont need C++ RTTI
+              "-DUSE_RTTI=0"
+            ];
+
+          # outputs has "tools" which we dont need or use
+          outputs = [ "out" ];
+
+          # preInstall hooks has stuff for messing with ldb/sst_dump which we dont need or use
+          preInstall = "";
        });
        # TODO: remove once https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/314945 is available
        liburing = pkgs.liburing.overrideAttrs (old: {
@@ -50,16 +80,6 @@
          configureFlags = pkgs.lib.subtractLists
            [ "--enable-static" "--disable-shared" ]
            old.configureFlags;
-
-          postInstall = old.postInstall + ''
-            # we remove the extra outputs
-            #
-            # we need to do this to prevent rocksdb from trying to link the
-            # static library in a dynamic stdenv
-            rm $out/lib/liburing*${
-              if pkgs.stdenv.hostPlatform.isStatic then ".so*" else ".a"
-            }
-          '';
        });
      });

@@ -99,6 +119,9 @@
          # Needed for producing Debian packages
          cargo-deb

+          # Needed for CI to check validity of produced Debian packages (dpkg-deb)
+          dpkg
+
          # Needed for Complement
          go

@@ -113,6 +136,8 @@

          # Useful for editing the book locally
          mdbook
+
+          sccache
        ])
        ++ scope.main.buildInputs
        ++ scope.main.propagatedBuildInputs
@@ -124,9 +149,64 @@
    {
      packages = {
        default = scopeHost.main;
+        default-debug = scopeHost.main.override {
+            profile = "dev";
+            # debug build users expect full logs
+            disable_release_max_log_level = true;
+        };
+        default-test = scopeHost.main.override {
+            profile = "test";
+            disable_release_max_log_level = true;
+        };
+        all-features = scopeHost.main.override {
+            all_features = true;
+            disable_features = [
+                # this is non-functional on nix for some reason
+                "hardened_malloc"
+                # dont include experimental features
+                "experimental"
+            ];
+        };
+        all-features-debug = scopeHost.main.override {
+            profile = "dev";
+            all_features = true;
+            # debug build users expect full logs
+            disable_release_max_log_level = true;
+            disable_features = [
+                # this is non-functional on nix for some reason
+                "hardened_malloc"
+                # dont include experimental features
+                "experimental"
+            ];
+        };
        hmalloc = scopeHost.main.override { features = ["hardened_malloc"]; };

        oci-image = scopeHost.oci-image;
+        oci-image-all-features = scopeHost.oci-image.override {
+          main = scopeHost.main.override {
+            all_features = true;
+            disable_features = [
+                # this is non-functional on nix for some reason
+                "hardened_malloc"
+                # dont include experimental features
+                "experimental"
+            ];
+          };
+        };
+        oci-image-all-features-debug = scopeHost.oci-image.override {
+          main = scopeHost.main.override {
+            profile = "dev";
+            all_features = true;
+            # debug build users expect full logs
+            disable_release_max_log_level = true;
+            disable_features = [
+                # this is non-functional on nix for some reason
+                "hardened_malloc"
+                # dont include experimental features
+                "experimental"
+            ];
+          };
+        };
        oci-image-hmalloc = scopeHost.oci-image.override {
          main = scopeHost.main.override {
            features = ["hardened_malloc"];
@@ -161,6 +241,57 @@
                  value = scopeCrossStatic.main;
                }

+                # An output for a statically-linked unstripped debug ("dev") binary
+                {
+                  name = "${binaryName}-debug";
+                  value = scopeCrossStatic.main.override {
+                    profile = "dev";
+                    # debug build users expect full logs
+                    disable_release_max_log_level = true;
+                  };
+                }
+
+                # An output for a statically-linked unstripped debug binary with the
+                # "test" profile (for CI usage only)
+                {
+                  name = "${binaryName}-test";
+                  value = scopeCrossStatic.main.override {
+                    profile = "test";
+                    disable_release_max_log_level = true;
+                  };
+                }
+
+                # An output for a statically-linked binary with `--all-features`
+                {
+                  name = "${binaryName}-all-features";
+                  value = scopeCrossStatic.main.override {
+                    all_features = true;
+                    disable_features = [
+                        # this is non-functional on nix for some reason
+                        "hardened_malloc"
+                        # dont include experimental features
+                        "experimental"
+                    ];
+                  };
+                }
+
+                # An output for a statically-linked unstripped debug ("dev") binary with `--all-features`
+                {
+                  name = "${binaryName}-all-features-debug";
+                  value = scopeCrossStatic.main.override {
+                    profile = "dev";
+                    all_features = true;
+                    # debug build users expect full logs
+                    disable_release_max_log_level = true;
+                    disable_features = [
+                        # this is non-functional on nix for some reason
+                        "hardened_malloc"
+                        # dont include experimental features
+                        "experimental"
+                    ];
+                  };
+                }
+
                # An output for a statically-linked binary with hardened_malloc
                {
                  name = "${binaryName}-hmalloc";
@@ -175,6 +306,53 @@
                  value = scopeCrossStatic.oci-image;
                }

+                # An output for an OCI image based on that unstripped debug ("dev") binary
+                {
+                  name = "oci-image-${crossSystem}-debug";
+                  value = scopeCrossStatic.oci-image.override {
+                    main = scopeCrossStatic.main.override {
+                        profile = "dev";
+                        # debug build users expect full logs
+                        disable_release_max_log_level = true;
+                    };
+                  };
+                }
+
+                # An output for an OCI image based on that binary with `--all-features`
+                {
+                  name = "oci-image-${crossSystem}-all-features";
+                  value = scopeCrossStatic.oci-image.override {
+                    main = scopeCrossStatic.main.override {
+                      all_features = true;
+                      disable_features = [
+                          # this is non-functional on nix for some reason
+                          "hardened_malloc"
+                          # dont include experimental features
+                          "experimental"
+                      ];
+                    };
+                  };
+                }
+
+                # An output for an OCI image based on that unstripped debug ("dev") binary with `--all-features`
+                {
+                  name = "oci-image-${crossSystem}-all-features-debug";
+                  value = scopeCrossStatic.oci-image.override {
+                    main = scopeCrossStatic.main.override {
+                        profile = "dev";
+                        all_features = true;
+                        # debug build users expect full logs
+                        disable_release_max_log_level = true;
+                        disable_features = [
+                            # this is non-functional on nix for some reason
+                            "hardened_malloc"
+                            # dont include experimental features
+                            "experimental"
+                        ];
+                    };
+                  };
+                }
+
                # An output for an OCI image based on that binary with hardened_malloc
                {
                  name = "oci-image-${crossSystem}-hmalloc";
@@ -196,7 +374,15 @@
      devShells.default = mkDevShell scopeHostStatic;
      devShells.all-features = mkDevShell
        (scopeHostStatic.overrideScope (final: prev: {
-          main = prev.main.override { all_features = true; };
+          main = prev.main.override {
+            all_features = true;
+            disable_features = [
+                # this is non-functional on nix for some reason
+                "hardened_malloc"
+                # dont include experimental features
+                "experimental"
+            ];
+        };
        }));
      devShells.no-features = mkDevShell
        (scopeHostStatic.overrideScope (final: prev: {
@@ -5,13 +5,17 @@ allow_guest_registration = true
 allow_public_room_directory_over_federation = true
 allow_public_room_directory_without_auth = true
 allow_registration = true
-allow_unstable_room_versions = true
-database_backend = "rocksdb"
 database_path = "/database"
-log = "trace"
+log = "trace,h2=warn,hyper=warn"
 port = [8008, 8448]
 trusted_servers = []
+query_trusted_key_servers_first = false
 yes_i_am_very_very_sure_i_want_an_open_registration_server_prone_to_abuse = true
+ip_range_denylist = []
+url_preview_domain_contains_allowlist = ["*"]
+media_compat_file_link = false
+media_startup_check = false
+rocksdb_direct_io = false

 [global.tls]
 certs = "/certificate.crt"
@@ -14,8 +14,15 @@

 let
  main' = main.override {
-    profile = "dev";
-    features = ["axum_dual_protocol"];
+    profile = "test";
+    all_features = true;
+    disable_release_max_log_level = true;
+    disable_features = [
+        # this is non-functional on nix for some reason
+        "hardened_malloc"
+        # dont include experimental features
+        "experimental"
+    ];
  };

  start = writeShellScriptBin "start" ''
@@ -13,6 +13,12 @@ lib.optionalAttrs stdenv.hostPlatform.isStatic {
    lib.concatStringsSep
      " "
      ([]
+        ++ lib.optionals
+          stdenv.targetPlatform.isx86_64
+          [ "-C" "target-cpu=x86-64-v2" ]
+        ++ lib.optionals
+          stdenv.targetPlatform.isAarch64
+          [ "-C" "target-cpu=cortex-a55" ] # cortex-a55 == ARMv8.2-a
        # This disables PIE for static builds, which isn't great in terms
        # of security. Unfortunately, my hand is forced because nixpkgs'
        # `libstdc++.a` is built without `-fPIE`, which precludes us from
@@ -25,11 +25,7 @@ let
 # on the nix side depend on feature values.
 crateFeatures = path:
  let manifest = lib.importTOML "${path}/Cargo.toml"; in
-  lib.remove "default" (lib.attrNames manifest.features) ++
-  lib.attrNames
-    (lib.filterAttrs
-      (_: dependency: dependency.optional or false)
-      manifest.dependencies);
+  lib.remove "default" (lib.attrNames manifest.features);
 crateDefaultFeatures = path:
  (lib.importTOML "${path}/Cargo.toml").features.default;
 allDefaultFeatures = crateDefaultFeatures "${inputs.self}/src/main";
@@ -43,7 +39,7 @@ features'' = lib.subtractLists disable_features' features';

 featureEnabled = feature : builtins.elem feature features'';

-enableLiburing = featureEnabled "io_uring" && stdenv.isLinux;
+enableLiburing = featureEnabled "io_uring" && !stdenv.isDarwin;

 # This derivation will set the JEMALLOC_OVERRIDE variable, causing the
 # tikv-jemalloc-sys crate to use the nixpkgs jemalloc instead of building it's
@@ -55,6 +51,10 @@ rust-jemalloc-sys' = (rust-jemalloc-sys.override {
  unprefixed = true;
 }).overrideAttrs (old: {
  configureFlags = old.configureFlags ++
+    # we dont need docs
+    [ "--disable-doc" ] ++
+    # we dont need cxx/C++ integration
+    [ "--disable-cxx" ] ++
    # tikv-jemalloc-sys/profiling feature
    lib.optional (featureEnabled "jemalloc_prof") "--enable-prof";
 });
@@ -70,12 +70,34 @@ buildDepsOnlyEnv =
      #
      # [1]: https://github.com/tikv/jemallocator/blob/ab0676d77e81268cd09b059260c75b38dbef2d51/jemalloc-sys/src/env.rs#L17
      enableJemalloc = featureEnabled "jemalloc" && !stdenv.isDarwin;
+
+      # for some reason enableLiburing in nixpkgs rocksdb is default true
+      # which breaks Darwin entirely
+      enableLiburing = enableLiburing;
    }).overrideAttrs (old: {
-      # TODO: static rocksdb fails to build on darwin
+      # TODO: static rocksdb fails to build on darwin, also see <https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/issues/320448>
      # build log at <https://girlboss.ceo/~strawberry/pb/JjGH>
      meta.broken = stdenv.hostPlatform.isStatic && stdenv.isDarwin;
-      # TODO: switch to enableUring option once https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/pull/314945 is available
-      buildInputs = old.buildInputs ++ lib.optional enableLiburing liburing;
+
+      enableLiburing = enableLiburing;
+
+      sse42Support = stdenv.targetPlatform.isx86_64;
+
+      cmakeFlags = if stdenv.targetPlatform.isx86_64
+        then lib.subtractLists [ "-DPORTABLE=1" ] old.cmakeFlags
+        ++ lib.optionals stdenv.targetPlatform.isx86_64 [
+          "-DPORTABLE=x86-64-v2"
+          "-DUSE_SSE=1"
+          "-DHAVE_SSE=1"
+          "-DHAVE_SSE42=1"
+        ]
+        else if stdenv.targetPlatform.isAarch64
+        then lib.subtractLists [ "-DPORTABLE=1" ] old.cmakeFlags
+        ++ lib.optionals stdenv.targetPlatform.isAarch64 [
+          # cortex-a55 == ARMv8.2-a
+          "-DPORTABLE=armv8.2-a"
+        ]
+        else old.cmakeFlags;
    });
  in
  {
@@ -102,7 +124,11 @@ buildPackageEnv = {
  # Only needed in static stdenv because these are transitive dependencies of rocksdb
  CARGO_BUILD_RUSTFLAGS = buildDepsOnlyEnv.CARGO_BUILD_RUSTFLAGS
    + lib.optionalString (enableLiburing && stdenv.hostPlatform.isStatic)
-      " -L${lib.getLib liburing}/lib -luring";
+      " -L${lib.getLib liburing}/lib -luring"
+    + lib.optionalString stdenv.targetPlatform.isx86_64
+      " -Ctarget-cpu=x86-64-v2"
+    + lib.optionalString stdenv.targetPlatform.isAarch64
+      " -Ctarget-cpu=cortex-a55"; # cortex-a55 == ARMv8.2-a
 };


@@ -127,6 +153,8 @@ commonAttrs = {
      ];
    };

+    dontStrip = profile == "dev" || profile == "test";
+
    buildInputs = lib.optional (featureEnabled "jemalloc") rust-jemalloc-sys';

    nativeBuildInputs = [
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 # If you're having trouble making the relevant changes, bug a maintainer.

 [toolchain]
-channel = "1.77.0"
+channel = "1.80.0"
 components = [
    # For rust-analyzer
    "rust-src",
@@ -29,15 +29,13 @@ release_max_log_level = [
 clap.workspace = true
 conduit-api.workspace = true
 conduit-core.workspace = true
-conduit-database.workspace = true
+conduit-macros.workspace = true
 conduit-service.workspace = true
+const-str.workspace = true
 futures-util.workspace = true
 log.workspace = true
-loole.workspace = true
-regex.workspace = true
 ruma.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
-serde.workspace = true
 serde_yaml.workspace = true
 tokio.workspace = true
 tracing-subscriber.workspace = true
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+use clap::Parser;
+use conduit::Result;
+use ruma::events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent;
+
+use crate::{
+	appservice, appservice::AppserviceCommand, check, check::CheckCommand, command::Command, debug,
+	debug::DebugCommand, federation, federation::FederationCommand, media, media::MediaCommand, query,
+	query::QueryCommand, room, room::RoomCommand, server, server::ServerCommand, user, user::UserCommand,
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Parser)]
+#[command(name = "admin", version = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"))]
+pub(super) enum AdminCommand {
+	#[command(subcommand)]
+	/// - Commands for managing appservices
+	Appservices(AppserviceCommand),
+
+	#[command(subcommand)]
+	/// - Commands for managing local users
+	Users(UserCommand),
+
+	#[command(subcommand)]
+	/// - Commands for managing rooms
+	Rooms(RoomCommand),
+
+	#[command(subcommand)]
+	/// - Commands for managing federation
+	Federation(FederationCommand),
+
+	#[command(subcommand)]
+	/// - Commands for managing the server
+	Server(ServerCommand),
+
+	#[command(subcommand)]
+	/// - Commands for managing media
+	Media(MediaCommand),
+
+	#[command(subcommand)]
+	/// - Commands for checking integrity
+	Check(CheckCommand),
+
+	#[command(subcommand)]
+	/// - Commands for debugging things
+	Debug(DebugCommand),
+
+	#[command(subcommand)]
+	/// - Low-level queries for database getters and iterators
+	Query(QueryCommand),
+}
+
+#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, name = "command")]
+pub(super) async fn process(command: AdminCommand, context: &Command<'_>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	use AdminCommand::*;
+
+	Ok(match command {
+		Appservices(command) => appservice::process(command, context).await?,
+		Media(command) => media::process(command, context).await?,
+		Users(command) => user::process(command, context).await?,
+		Rooms(command) => room::process(command, context).await?,
+		Federation(command) => federation::process(command, context).await?,
+		Server(command) => server::process(command, context).await?,
+		Debug(command) => debug::process(command, context).await?,
+		Query(command) => query::process(command, context).await?,
+		Check(command) => check::process(command, context).await?,
+	})
+}
@@ -1,18 +1,20 @@
 use ruma::{api::appservice::Registration, events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent};

-use crate::{services, Result};
+use crate::{admin_command, Result};

-pub(super) async fn register(body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	if body.len() < 2 || !body[0].trim().starts_with("```") || body.last().unwrap_or(&"").trim() != "```" {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn register(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	if self.body.len() < 2 || !self.body[0].trim().starts_with("```") || self.body.last().unwrap_or(&"").trim() != "```"
+	{
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Expected code block in command body. Add --help for details.",
 		));
 	}

-	let appservice_config = body[1..body.len().checked_sub(1).unwrap()].join("\n");
+	let appservice_config = self.body[1..self.body.len().checked_sub(1).unwrap()].join("\n");
 	let parsed_config = serde_yaml::from_str::<Registration>(&appservice_config);
 	match parsed_config {
-		Ok(yaml) => match services().appservice.register_appservice(yaml).await {
+		Ok(yaml) => match self.services.appservice.register_appservice(yaml).await {
 			Ok(id) => Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!(
 				"Appservice registered with ID: {id}."
 			))),
@@ -26,8 +28,10 @@ pub(super) async fn register(body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent>
 	}
 }

-pub(super) async fn unregister(_body: Vec<&str>, appservice_identifier: String) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	match services()
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn unregister(&self, appservice_identifier: String) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	match self
+		.services
 		.appservice
 		.unregister_appservice(&appservice_identifier)
 		.await
@@ -39,8 +43,10 @@ pub(super) async fn unregister(_body: Vec<&str>, appservice_identifier: String)
 	}
 }

-pub(super) async fn show(_body: Vec<&str>, appservice_identifier: String) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	match services()
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn show_appservice_config(&self, appservice_identifier: String) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	match self
+		.services
 		.appservice
 		.get_registration(&appservice_identifier)
 		.await
@@ -54,8 +60,9 @@ pub(super) async fn show(_body: Vec<&str>, appservice_identifier: String) -> Res
 	}
 }

-pub(super) async fn list(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let appservices = services().appservice.iter_ids().await;
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn list_registered(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let appservices = self.services.appservice.iter_ids().await;
 	let output = format!("Appservices ({}): {}", appservices.len(), appservices.join(", "));
 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(output))
 }
@@ -2,12 +2,11 @@ mod commands;

 use clap::Subcommand;
 use conduit::Result;
-use ruma::events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent;

-use self::commands::*;
+use crate::admin_command_dispatch;

-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
+#[admin_command_dispatch]
 pub(super) enum AppserviceCommand {
 	/// - Register an appservice using its registration YAML
 	///
@@ -29,24 +28,13 @@ pub(super) enum AppserviceCommand {
 	/// - Show an appservice's config using its ID
 	///
 	/// You can find the ID using the `list-appservices` command.
-	Show {
+	#[clap(alias("show"))]
+	ShowAppserviceConfig {
 		/// The appservice to show
 		appservice_identifier: String,
 	},

 	/// - List all the currently registered appservices
-	List,
-}
-
-pub(super) async fn process(command: AppserviceCommand, body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	Ok(match command {
-		AppserviceCommand::Register => register(body).await?,
-		AppserviceCommand::Unregister {
-			appservice_identifier,
-		} => unregister(body, appservice_identifier).await?,
-		AppserviceCommand::Show {
-			appservice_identifier,
-		} => show(body, appservice_identifier).await?,
-		AppserviceCommand::List => list(body).await?,
-	})
+	#[clap(alias("list"))]
+	ListRegistered,
 }
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 use conduit::Result;
+use conduit_macros::implement;
 use ruma::events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent;

-use crate::services;
+use crate::Command;

 /// Uses the iterator in `src/database/key_value/users.rs` to iterator over
 /// every user in our database (remote and local). Reports total count, any
 /// errors if there were any, etc
-pub(super) async fn check_all_users(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+#[implement(Command, params = "<'_>")]
+pub(super) async fn check_all_users(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-	let results = services().users.db.iter();
+	let results = self.services.users.db.iter();
 	let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 	let users = results.collect::<Vec<_>>();
@@ -4,16 +4,15 @@ use clap::Subcommand;
 use conduit::Result;
 use ruma::events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent;

-use self::commands::*;
+use crate::Command;

-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
 pub(super) enum CheckCommand {
 	AllUsers,
 }

-pub(super) async fn process(command: CheckCommand, body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+pub(super) async fn process(command: CheckCommand, context: &Command<'_>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	Ok(match command {
-		CheckCommand::AllUsers => check_all_users(body).await?,
+		CheckCommand::AllUsers => context.check_all_users().await?,
 	})
 }
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+use service::Services;
+
+pub(crate) struct Command<'a> {
+	pub(crate) services: &'a Services,
+	pub(crate) body: &'a [&'a str],
+}
@@ -1,33 +1,37 @@
 use std::{
 	collections::{BTreeMap, HashMap},
+	fmt::Write,
 	sync::{Arc, Mutex},
-	time::Instant,
+	time::{Instant, SystemTime},
 };

 use api::client::validate_and_add_event_id;
 use conduit::{
-	debug, info, log,
+	debug, debug_error, err, info, log,
 	log::{capture, Capture},
-	warn, Error, Result,
+	utils, warn, Error, PduEvent, Result,
 };
 use ruma::{
 	api::{client::error::ErrorKind, federation::event::get_room_state},
 	events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent,
 	CanonicalJsonObject, EventId, OwnedRoomOrAliasId, RoomId, RoomVersionId, ServerName,
 };
-use service::{rooms::event_handler::parse_incoming_pdu, sending::resolve_actual_dest, services, PduEvent};
 use tokio::sync::RwLock;
 use tracing_subscriber::EnvFilter;

-pub(super) async fn echo(_body: Vec<&str>, message: Vec<String>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+use crate::admin_command;
+
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn echo(&self, message: Vec<String>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	let message = message.join(" ");

 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_plain(message))
 }

-pub(super) async fn get_auth_chain(_body: Vec<&str>, event_id: Box<EventId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn get_auth_chain(&self, event_id: Box<EventId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	let event_id = Arc::<EventId>::from(event_id);
-	if let Some(event) = services().rooms.timeline.get_pdu_json(&event_id)? {
+	if let Some(event) = self.services.rooms.timeline.get_pdu_json(&event_id)? {
 		let room_id_str = event
 			.get("room_id")
 			.and_then(|val| val.as_str())
@@ -35,13 +39,16 @@ pub(super) async fn get_auth_chain(_body: Vec<&str>, event_id: Box<EventId>) ->

 		let room_id = <&RoomId>::try_from(room_id_str)
 			.map_err(|_| Error::bad_database("Invalid room id field in event in database"))?;
+
 		let start = Instant::now();
-		let count = services()
+		let count = self
+			.services
 			.rooms
 			.auth_chain
 			.event_ids_iter(room_id, vec![event_id])
 			.await?
 			.count();
+
 		let elapsed = start.elapsed();
 		Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!(
 			"Loaded auth chain with length {count} in {elapsed:?}"
@@ -51,14 +58,16 @@ pub(super) async fn get_auth_chain(_body: Vec<&str>, event_id: Box<EventId>) ->
 	}
 }

-pub(super) async fn parse_pdu(body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	if body.len() < 2 || !body[0].trim().starts_with("```") || body.last().unwrap_or(&"").trim() != "```" {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn parse_pdu(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	if self.body.len() < 2 || !self.body[0].trim().starts_with("```") || self.body.last().unwrap_or(&"").trim() != "```"
+	{
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Expected code block in command body. Add --help for details.",
 		));
 	}

-	let string = body[1..body.len() - 1].join("\n");
+	let string = self.body[1..self.body.len().saturating_sub(1)].join("\n");
 	match serde_json::from_str(&string) {
 		Ok(value) => match ruma::signatures::reference_hash(&value, &RoomVersionId::V6) {
 			Ok(hash) => {
@@ -79,15 +88,17 @@ pub(super) async fn parse_pdu(body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent
 	}
 }

-pub(super) async fn get_pdu(_body: Vec<&str>, event_id: Box<EventId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn get_pdu(&self, event_id: Box<EventId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	let mut outlier = false;
-	let mut pdu_json = services()
+	let mut pdu_json = self
+		.services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.get_non_outlier_pdu_json(&event_id)?;
 	if pdu_json.is_none() {
 		outlier = true;
-		pdu_json = services().rooms.timeline.get_pdu_json(&event_id)?;
+		pdu_json = self.services.rooms.timeline.get_pdu_json(&event_id)?;
 	}
 	match pdu_json {
 		Some(json) => {
@@ -106,38 +117,42 @@ pub(super) async fn get_pdu(_body: Vec<&str>, event_id: Box<EventId>) -> Result<
 	}
 }

+#[admin_command]
 pub(super) async fn get_remote_pdu_list(
-	body: Vec<&str>, server: Box<ServerName>, force: bool,
+	&self, server: Box<ServerName>, force: bool,
 ) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	if !services().globals.config.allow_federation {
+	if !self.services.globals.config.allow_federation {
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Federation is disabled on this homeserver.",
 		));
 	}

-	if server == services().globals.server_name() {
+	if server == self.services.globals.server_name() {
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Not allowed to send federation requests to ourselves. Please use `get-pdu` for fetching local PDUs from \
 			 the database.",
 		));
 	}

-	if body.len() < 2 || !body[0].trim().starts_with("```") || body.last().unwrap_or(&"").trim() != "```" {
+	if self.body.len() < 2 || !self.body[0].trim().starts_with("```") || self.body.last().unwrap_or(&"").trim() != "```"
+	{
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Expected code block in command body. Add --help for details.",
 		));
 	}

-	let list = body
-		.clone()
-		.drain(1..body.len().checked_sub(1).unwrap())
+	let list = self
+		.body
+		.iter()
+		.collect::<Vec<_>>()
+		.drain(1..self.body.len().saturating_sub(1))
 		.filter_map(|pdu| EventId::parse(pdu).ok())
 		.collect::<Vec<_>>();

 	for pdu in list {
 		if force {
-			if let Err(e) = get_remote_pdu(Vec::new(), Box::from(pdu), server.clone()).await {
-				services()
+			if let Err(e) = self.get_remote_pdu(Box::from(pdu), server.clone()).await {
+				self.services
 					.admin
 					.send_message(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!(
 						"Failed to get remote PDU, ignoring error: {e}"
@@ -146,29 +161,31 @@ pub(super) async fn get_remote_pdu_list(
 				warn!(%e, "Failed to get remote PDU, ignoring error");
 			}
 		} else {
-			get_remote_pdu(Vec::new(), Box::from(pdu), server.clone()).await?;
+			self.get_remote_pdu(Box::from(pdu), server.clone()).await?;
 		}
 	}

 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain("Fetched list of remote PDUs."))
 }

+#[admin_command]
 pub(super) async fn get_remote_pdu(
-	_body: Vec<&str>, event_id: Box<EventId>, server: Box<ServerName>,
+	&self, event_id: Box<EventId>, server: Box<ServerName>,
 ) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	if !services().globals.config.allow_federation {
+	if !self.services.globals.config.allow_federation {
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Federation is disabled on this homeserver.",
 		));
 	}

-	if server == services().globals.server_name() {
+	if server == self.services.globals.server_name() {
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Not allowed to send federation requests to ourselves. Please use `get-pdu` for fetching local PDUs.",
 		));
 	}

-	match services()
+	match self
+		.services
 		.sending
 		.send_federation_request(
 			&server,
@@ -189,7 +206,11 @@ pub(super) async fn get_remote_pdu(

 			debug!("Attempting to parse PDU: {:?}", &response.pdu);
 			let parsed_pdu = {
-				let parsed_result = parse_incoming_pdu(&response.pdu);
+				let parsed_result = self
+					.services
+					.rooms
+					.event_handler
+					.parse_incoming_pdu(&response.pdu);
 				let (event_id, value, room_id) = match parsed_result {
 					Ok(t) => t,
 					Err(e) => {
@@ -207,9 +228,8 @@ pub(super) async fn get_remote_pdu(
 			let pub_key_map = RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new());

 			debug!("Attempting to fetch homeserver signing keys for {server}");
-			services()
-				.rooms
-				.event_handler
+			self.services
+				.server_keys
 				.fetch_required_signing_keys(parsed_pdu.iter().map(|(_event_id, event, _room_id)| event), &pub_key_map)
 				.await
 				.unwrap_or_else(|e| {
@@ -217,7 +237,7 @@ pub(super) async fn get_remote_pdu(
 				});

 			info!("Attempting to handle event ID {event_id} as backfilled PDU");
-			services()
+			self.services
 				.rooms
 				.timeline
 				.backfill_pdu(&server, response.pdu, &pub_key_map)
@@ -236,9 +256,11 @@ pub(super) async fn get_remote_pdu(
 	}
 }

-pub(super) async fn get_room_state(_body: Vec<&str>, room: OwnedRoomOrAliasId) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let room_id = services().rooms.alias.resolve(&room).await?;
-	let room_state = services()
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn get_room_state(&self, room: OwnedRoomOrAliasId) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let room_id = self.services.rooms.alias.resolve(&room).await?;
+	let room_state = self
+		.services
 		.rooms
 		.state_accessor
 		.room_state_full(&room_id)
@@ -263,8 +285,9 @@ pub(super) async fn get_room_state(_body: Vec<&str>, room: OwnedRoomOrAliasId) -
 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!("```json\n{json}\n```")))
 }

-pub(super) async fn ping(_body: Vec<&str>, server: Box<ServerName>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	if server == services().globals.server_name() {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn ping(&self, server: Box<ServerName>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	if server == self.services.globals.server_name() {
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Not allowed to send federation requests to ourselves.",
 		));
@@ -272,7 +295,8 @@ pub(super) async fn ping(_body: Vec<&str>, server: Box<ServerName>) -> Result<Ro

 	let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();

-	match services()
+	match self
+		.services
 		.sending
 		.send_federation_request(&server, ruma::api::federation::discovery::get_server_version::v1::Request {})
 		.await
@@ -301,21 +325,23 @@ pub(super) async fn ping(_body: Vec<&str>, server: Box<ServerName>) -> Result<Ro
 	}
 }

-pub(super) async fn force_device_list_updates(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn force_device_list_updates(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	// Force E2EE device list updates for all users
-	for user_id in services().users.iter().filter_map(Result::ok) {
-		services().users.mark_device_key_update(&user_id)?;
+	for user_id in self.services.users.iter().filter_map(Result::ok) {
+		self.services.users.mark_device_key_update(&user_id)?;
 	}
 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 		"Marked all devices for all users as having new keys to update",
 	))
 }

-pub(super) async fn change_log_level(
-	_body: Vec<&str>, filter: Option<String>, reset: bool,
-) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn change_log_level(&self, filter: Option<String>, reset: bool) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let handles = &["console"];
+
 	if reset {
-		let old_filter_layer = match EnvFilter::try_new(&services().globals.config.log) {
+		let old_filter_layer = match EnvFilter::try_new(&self.services.globals.config.log) {
 			Ok(s) => s,
 			Err(e) => {
 				return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!(
@@ -324,11 +350,17 @@ pub(super) async fn change_log_level(
 			},
 		};

-		match services().server.log.reload.reload(&old_filter_layer) {
+		match self
+			.services
+			.server
+			.log
+			.reload
+			.reload(&old_filter_layer, Some(handles))
+		{
 			Ok(()) => {
 				return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!(
 					"Successfully changed log level back to config value {}",
-					services().globals.config.log
+					self.services.globals.config.log
 				)));
 			},
 			Err(e) => {
@@ -349,7 +381,13 @@ pub(super) async fn change_log_level(
 			},
 		};

-		match services().server.log.reload.reload(&new_filter_layer) {
+		match self
+			.services
+			.server
+			.log
+			.reload
+			.reload(&new_filter_layer, Some(handles))
+		{
 			Ok(()) => {
 				return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain("Successfully changed log level"));
 			},
@@ -364,19 +402,21 @@ pub(super) async fn change_log_level(
 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain("No log level was specified."))
 }

-pub(super) async fn sign_json(body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	if body.len() < 2 || !body[0].trim().starts_with("```") || body.last().unwrap_or(&"").trim() != "```" {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn sign_json(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	if self.body.len() < 2 || !self.body[0].trim().starts_with("```") || self.body.last().unwrap_or(&"").trim() != "```"
+	{
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Expected code block in command body. Add --help for details.",
 		));
 	}

-	let string = body[1..body.len().checked_sub(1).unwrap()].join("\n");
+	let string = self.body[1..self.body.len().checked_sub(1).unwrap()].join("\n");
 	match serde_json::from_str(&string) {
 		Ok(mut value) => {
 			ruma::signatures::sign_json(
-				services().globals.server_name().as_str(),
-				services().globals.keypair(),
+				self.services.globals.server_name().as_str(),
+				self.services.globals.keypair(),
 				&mut value,
 			)
 			.expect("our request json is what ruma expects");
@@ -387,21 +427,22 @@ pub(super) async fn sign_json(body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent
 	}
 }

-pub(super) async fn verify_json(body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	if body.len() < 2 || !body[0].trim().starts_with("```") || body.last().unwrap_or(&"").trim() != "```" {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn verify_json(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	if self.body.len() < 2 || !self.body[0].trim().starts_with("```") || self.body.last().unwrap_or(&"").trim() != "```"
+	{
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Expected code block in command body. Add --help for details.",
 		));
 	}

-	let string = body[1..body.len().checked_sub(1).unwrap()].join("\n");
+	let string = self.body[1..self.body.len().checked_sub(1).unwrap()].join("\n");
 	match serde_json::from_str(&string) {
 		Ok(value) => {
 			let pub_key_map = RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new());

-			services()
-				.rooms
-				.event_handler
+			self.services
+				.server_keys
 				.fetch_required_signing_keys([&value], &pub_key_map)
 				.await?;

@@ -417,19 +458,22 @@ pub(super) async fn verify_json(body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventConte
 	}
 }

-#[tracing::instrument(skip(_body))]
-pub(super) async fn first_pdu_in_room(_body: Vec<&str>, room_id: Box<RoomId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	if !services()
+#[admin_command]
+#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+pub(super) async fn first_pdu_in_room(&self, room_id: Box<RoomId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	if !self
+		.services
 		.rooms
 		.state_cache
-		.server_in_room(&services().globals.config.server_name, &room_id)?
+		.server_in_room(&self.services.globals.config.server_name, &room_id)?
 	{
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"We are not participating in the room / we don't know about the room ID.",
 		));
 	}

-	let first_pdu = services()
+	let first_pdu = self
+		.services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.first_pdu_in_room(&room_id)?
@@ -438,19 +482,22 @@ pub(super) async fn first_pdu_in_room(_body: Vec<&str>, room_id: Box<RoomId>) ->
 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!("{first_pdu:?}")))
 }

-#[tracing::instrument(skip(_body))]
-pub(super) async fn latest_pdu_in_room(_body: Vec<&str>, room_id: Box<RoomId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	if !services()
+#[admin_command]
+#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
+pub(super) async fn latest_pdu_in_room(&self, room_id: Box<RoomId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	if !self
+		.services
 		.rooms
 		.state_cache
-		.server_in_room(&services().globals.config.server_name, &room_id)?
+		.server_in_room(&self.services.globals.config.server_name, &room_id)?
 	{
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"We are not participating in the room / we don't know about the room ID.",
 		));
 	}

-	let latest_pdu = services()
+	let latest_pdu = self
+		.services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.latest_pdu_in_room(&room_id)?
@@ -459,32 +506,36 @@ pub(super) async fn latest_pdu_in_room(_body: Vec<&str>, room_id: Box<RoomId>) -
 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!("{latest_pdu:?}")))
 }

-#[tracing::instrument(skip(_body))]
+#[admin_command]
+#[tracing::instrument(skip(self))]
 pub(super) async fn force_set_room_state_from_server(
-	_body: Vec<&str>, server_name: Box<ServerName>, room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+	&self, room_id: Box<RoomId>, server_name: Box<ServerName>,
 ) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	if !services()
+	if !self
+		.services
 		.rooms
 		.state_cache
-		.server_in_room(&services().globals.config.server_name, &room_id)?
+		.server_in_room(&self.services.globals.config.server_name, &room_id)?
 	{
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"We are not participating in the room / we don't know about the room ID.",
 		));
 	}

-	let first_pdu = services()
+	let first_pdu = self
+		.services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.latest_pdu_in_room(&room_id)?
 		.ok_or_else(|| Error::bad_database("Failed to find the latest PDU in database"))?;

-	let room_version = services().rooms.state.get_room_version(&room_id)?;
+	let room_version = self.services.rooms.state.get_room_version(&room_id)?;

 	let mut state: HashMap<u64, Arc<EventId>> = HashMap::new();
 	let pub_key_map = RwLock::new(BTreeMap::new());

-	let remote_state_response = services()
+	let remote_state_response = self
+		.services
 		.sending
 		.send_federation_request(
 			&server_name,
@@ -498,7 +549,7 @@ pub(super) async fn force_set_room_state_from_server(
 	let mut events = Vec::with_capacity(remote_state_response.pdus.len());

 	for pdu in remote_state_response.pdus.clone() {
-		events.push(match parse_incoming_pdu(&pdu) {
+		events.push(match self.services.rooms.event_handler.parse_incoming_pdu(&pdu) {
 			Ok(t) => t,
 			Err(e) => {
 				warn!("Could not parse PDU, ignoring: {e}");
@@ -508,9 +559,8 @@ pub(super) async fn force_set_room_state_from_server(
 	}

 	info!("Fetching required signing keys for all the state events we got");
-	services()
-		.rooms
-		.event_handler
+	self.services
+		.server_keys
 		.fetch_required_signing_keys(events.iter().map(|(_event_id, event, _room_id)| event), &pub_key_map)
 		.await?;

@@ -518,23 +568,24 @@ pub(super) async fn force_set_room_state_from_server(
 	for result in remote_state_response
 		.pdus
 		.iter()
-		.map(|pdu| validate_and_add_event_id(pdu, &room_version, &pub_key_map))
+		.map(|pdu| validate_and_add_event_id(self.services, pdu, &room_version, &pub_key_map))
 	{
 		let Ok((event_id, value)) = result.await else {
 			continue;
 		};

 		let pdu = PduEvent::from_id_val(&event_id, value.clone()).map_err(|e| {
-			warn!("Invalid PDU in fetching remote room state PDUs response: {} {:?}", e, value);
-			Error::BadServerResponse("Invalid PDU in send_join response.")
+			debug_error!("Invalid PDU in fetching remote room state PDUs response: {value:#?}");
+			err!(BadServerResponse(debug_error!("Invalid PDU in send_join response: {e:?}")))
 		})?;

-		services()
+		self.services
 			.rooms
 			.outlier
 			.add_pdu_outlier(&event_id, &value)?;
 		if let Some(state_key) = &pdu.state_key {
-			let shortstatekey = services()
+			let shortstatekey = self
+				.services
 				.rooms
 				.short
 				.get_or_create_shortstatekey(&pdu.kind.to_string().into(), state_key)?;
@@ -546,32 +597,34 @@ pub(super) async fn force_set_room_state_from_server(
 	for result in remote_state_response
 		.auth_chain
 		.iter()
-		.map(|pdu| validate_and_add_event_id(pdu, &room_version, &pub_key_map))
+		.map(|pdu| validate_and_add_event_id(self.services, pdu, &room_version, &pub_key_map))
 	{
 		let Ok((event_id, value)) = result.await else {
 			continue;
 		};

-		services()
+		self.services
 			.rooms
 			.outlier
 			.add_pdu_outlier(&event_id, &value)?;
 	}

-	let new_room_state = services()
+	let new_room_state = self
+		.services
 		.rooms
 		.event_handler
 		.resolve_state(room_id.clone().as_ref(), &room_version, state)
 		.await?;

 	info!("Forcing new room state");
-	let (short_state_hash, new, removed) = services()
+	let (short_state_hash, new, removed) = self
+		.services
 		.rooms
 		.state_compressor
 		.save_state(room_id.clone().as_ref(), new_room_state)?;

-	let state_lock = services().globals.roomid_mutex_state.lock(&room_id).await;
-	services()
+	let state_lock = self.services.rooms.state.mutex.lock(&room_id).await;
+	self.services
 		.rooms
 		.state
 		.force_state(room_id.clone().as_ref(), short_state_hash, new, removed, &state_lock)
@@ -581,7 +634,10 @@ pub(super) async fn force_set_room_state_from_server(
 		"Updating joined counts for room just in case (e.g. we may have found a difference in the room's \
 		 m.room.member state"
 	);
-	services().rooms.state_cache.update_joined_count(&room_id)?;
+	self.services
+		.rooms
+		.state_cache
+		.update_joined_count(&room_id)?;

 	drop(state_lock);

@@ -590,16 +646,63 @@ pub(super) async fn force_set_room_state_from_server(
 	))
 }

-pub(super) async fn resolve_true_destination(
-	_body: Vec<&str>, server_name: Box<ServerName>, no_cache: bool,
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn get_signing_keys(
+	&self, server_name: Option<Box<ServerName>>, _cached: bool,
 ) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	if !services().globals.config.allow_federation {
+	let server_name = server_name.unwrap_or_else(|| self.services.server.config.server_name.clone().into());
+	let signing_keys = self.services.globals.signing_keys_for(&server_name)?;
+
+	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
+		"```rs\n{signing_keys:#?}\n```"
+	)))
+}
+
+#[admin_command]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+pub(super) async fn get_verify_keys(
+	&self, server_name: Option<Box<ServerName>>, cached: bool,
+) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let server_name = server_name.unwrap_or_else(|| self.services.server.config.server_name.clone().into());
+	let mut out = String::new();
+
+	if cached {
+		writeln!(out, "| Key ID | VerifyKey |")?;
+		writeln!(out, "| --- | --- |")?;
+		for (key_id, verify_key) in self.services.globals.verify_keys_for(&server_name)? {
+			writeln!(out, "| {key_id} | {verify_key:?} |")?;
+		}
+
+		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(out));
+	}
+
+	let signature_ids: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
+	let keys = self
+		.services
+		.server_keys
+		.fetch_signing_keys_for_server(&server_name, signature_ids)
+		.await?;
+
+	writeln!(out, "| Key ID | Public Key |")?;
+	writeln!(out, "| --- | --- |")?;
+	for (key_id, key) in keys {
+		writeln!(out, "| {key_id} | {key} |")?;
+	}
+
+	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(out))
+}
+
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn resolve_true_destination(
+	&self, server_name: Box<ServerName>, no_cache: bool,
+) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	if !self.services.globals.config.allow_federation {
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Federation is disabled on this homeserver.",
 		));
 	}

-	if server_name == services().globals.config.server_name {
+	if server_name == self.services.globals.config.server_name {
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Not allowed to send federation requests to ourselves. Please use `get-pdu` for fetching local PDUs.",
 		));
@@ -611,12 +714,16 @@ pub(super) async fn resolve_true_destination(
 			&& matches!(data.span_name(), "actual" | "well-known" | "srv")
 	};

-	let state = &services().server.log.capture;
+	let state = &self.services.server.log.capture;
 	let logs = Arc::new(Mutex::new(String::new()));
 	let capture = Capture::new(state, Some(filter), capture::fmt_markdown(logs.clone()));

 	let capture_scope = capture.start();
-	let actual = resolve_actual_dest(&server_name, !no_cache).await?;
+	let actual = self
+		.services
+		.resolver
+		.resolve_actual_dest(&server_name, !no_cache)
+		.await?;
 	drop(capture_scope);

 	let msg = format!(
@@ -628,16 +735,87 @@ pub(super) async fn resolve_true_destination(
 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_markdown(msg))
 }

-#[must_use]
-pub(super) fn memory_stats() -> RoomMessageEventContent {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn memory_stats(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	let html_body = conduit::alloc::memory_stats();

-	if html_body.is_empty() {
-		return RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain("malloc stats are not supported on your compiled malloc.");
+	if html_body.is_none() {
+		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
+			"malloc stats are not supported on your compiled malloc.",
+		));
 	}

-	RoomMessageEventContent::text_html(
+	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_html(
 		"This command's output can only be viewed by clients that render HTML.".to_owned(),
-		html_body,
-	)
+		html_body.expect("string result"),
+	))
+}
+
+#[cfg(tokio_unstable)]
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn runtime_metrics(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let out = self.services.server.metrics.runtime_metrics().map_or_else(
+		|| "Runtime metrics are not available.".to_owned(),
+		|metrics| format!("```rs\n{metrics:#?}\n```"),
+	);
+
+	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_markdown(out))
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(tokio_unstable))]
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn runtime_metrics(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_markdown(
+		"Runtime metrics require building with `tokio_unstable`.",
+	))
+}
+
+#[cfg(tokio_unstable)]
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn runtime_interval(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let out = self.services.server.metrics.runtime_interval().map_or_else(
+		|| "Runtime metrics are not available.".to_owned(),
+		|metrics| format!("```rs\n{metrics:#?}\n```"),
+	);
+
+	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_markdown(out))
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(tokio_unstable))]
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn runtime_interval(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_markdown(
+		"Runtime metrics require building with `tokio_unstable`.",
+	))
+}
+
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn time(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let now = SystemTime::now();
+	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_markdown(utils::time::format(now, "%+")))
+}
+
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn list_dependencies(&self, names: bool) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	if names {
+		let out = info::cargo::dependencies_names().join(" ");
+		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(out));
+	}
+
+	let deps = info::cargo::dependencies();
+	let mut out = String::new();
+	writeln!(out, "| name | version | features |")?;
+	writeln!(out, "| ---- | ------- | -------- |")?;
+	for (name, dep) in deps {
+		let version = dep.try_req().unwrap_or("*");
+		let feats = dep.req_features();
+		let feats = if !feats.is_empty() {
+			feats.join(" ")
+		} else {
+			String::new()
+		};
+		writeln!(out, "{name} | {version} | {feats}")?;
+	}
+
+	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(out))
 }
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ pub(crate) mod tester;

 use clap::Subcommand;
 use conduit::Result;
-use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, EventId, OwnedRoomOrAliasId, RoomId, ServerName};
-use tester::TesterCommand;
+use ruma::{EventId, OwnedRoomOrAliasId, RoomId, ServerName};

-use self::commands::*;
+use self::tester::TesterCommand;
+use crate::admin_command_dispatch;

-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
+#[admin_command_dispatch]
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
 pub(super) enum DebugCommand {
 	/// - Echo input of admin command
 	Echo {
@@ -76,6 +76,14 @@ pub(super) enum DebugCommand {
 		room_id: OwnedRoomOrAliasId,
 	},

+	/// - Get and display signing keys from local cache or remote server.
+	GetSigningKeys {
+		server_name: Option<Box<ServerName>>,
+
+		#[arg(short, long)]
+		cached: bool,
+	},
+
 	/// - Sends a federation request to the remote server's
 	///   `/_matrix/federation/v1/version` endpoint and measures the latency it
 	///   took for the server to respond
@@ -160,59 +168,24 @@ pub(super) enum DebugCommand {
 	/// - Print extended memory usage
 	MemoryStats,

+	/// - Print general tokio runtime metric totals.
+	RuntimeMetrics,
+
+	/// - Print detailed tokio runtime metrics accumulated since last command
+	///   invocation.
+	RuntimeInterval,
+
+	/// - Print the current time
+	Time,
+
+	/// - List dependencies
+	ListDependencies {
+		#[arg(short, long)]
+		names: bool,
+	},
+
 	/// - Developer test stubs
 	#[command(subcommand)]
+	#[allow(non_snake_case)]
 	Tester(TesterCommand),
 }
-
-pub(super) async fn process(command: DebugCommand, body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	Ok(match command {
-		DebugCommand::Echo {
-			message,
-		} => echo(body, message).await?,
-		DebugCommand::GetAuthChain {
-			event_id,
-		} => get_auth_chain(body, event_id).await?,
-		DebugCommand::ParsePdu => parse_pdu(body).await?,
-		DebugCommand::GetPdu {
-			event_id,
-		} => get_pdu(body, event_id).await?,
-		DebugCommand::GetRemotePdu {
-			event_id,
-			server,
-		} => get_remote_pdu(body, event_id, server).await?,
-		DebugCommand::GetRoomState {
-			room_id,
-		} => get_room_state(body, room_id).await?,
-		DebugCommand::Ping {
-			server,
-		} => ping(body, server).await?,
-		DebugCommand::ForceDeviceListUpdates => force_device_list_updates(body).await?,
-		DebugCommand::ChangeLogLevel {
-			filter,
-			reset,
-		} => change_log_level(body, filter, reset).await?,
-		DebugCommand::SignJson => sign_json(body).await?,
-		DebugCommand::VerifyJson => verify_json(body).await?,
-		DebugCommand::FirstPduInRoom {
-			room_id,
-		} => first_pdu_in_room(body, room_id).await?,
-		DebugCommand::LatestPduInRoom {
-			room_id,
-		} => latest_pdu_in_room(body, room_id).await?,
-		DebugCommand::GetRemotePduList {
-			server,
-			force,
-		} => get_remote_pdu_list(body, server, force).await?,
-		DebugCommand::ForceSetRoomStateFromServer {
-			room_id,
-			server_name,
-		} => force_set_room_state_from_server(body, server_name, room_id).await?,
-		DebugCommand::ResolveTrueDestination {
-			server_name,
-			no_cache,
-		} => resolve_true_destination(body, server_name, no_cache).await?,
-		DebugCommand::MemoryStats => memory_stats(),
-		DebugCommand::Tester(command) => tester::process(command, body).await?,
-	})
-}
@@ -1,34 +1,29 @@
 use ruma::events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent;

-use crate::Result;
+use crate::{admin_command, admin_command_dispatch, Result};

-#[derive(clap::Subcommand)]
-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
+#[admin_command_dispatch]
+#[derive(Debug, clap::Subcommand)]
 pub(crate) enum TesterCommand {
 	Tester,
 	Timer,
 }

-pub(super) async fn process(command: TesterCommand, body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	match command {
-		TesterCommand::Tester => tester(body).await,
-		TesterCommand::Timer => timer(body).await,
-	}
-}
-
 #[inline(never)]
 #[rustfmt::skip]
 #[allow(unused_variables)]
-async fn tester(body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+#[admin_command]
+async fn tester(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {

 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_plain("completed"))
 }

 #[inline(never)]
 #[rustfmt::skip]
-async fn timer(body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+#[admin_command]
+async fn timer(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	let started = std::time::Instant::now();
-	timed(&body);
+	timed(self.body);

 	let elapsed = started.elapsed();
 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_plain(format!("completed in {elapsed:#?}")))
@@ -1,23 +1,29 @@
 use std::fmt::Write;

+use conduit::Result;
 use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, OwnedRoomId, RoomId, ServerName, UserId};

-use crate::{escape_html, get_room_info, services, Result};
+use crate::{admin_command, escape_html, get_room_info};

-pub(super) async fn disable_room(_body: Vec<&str>, room_id: Box<RoomId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	services().rooms.metadata.disable_room(&room_id, true)?;
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn disable_room(&self, room_id: Box<RoomId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	self.services.rooms.metadata.disable_room(&room_id, true)?;
 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain("Room disabled."))
 }

-pub(super) async fn enable_room(_body: Vec<&str>, room_id: Box<RoomId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	services().rooms.metadata.disable_room(&room_id, false)?;
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn enable_room(&self, room_id: Box<RoomId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	self.services.rooms.metadata.disable_room(&room_id, false)?;
 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain("Room enabled."))
 }

-pub(super) async fn incoming_federation(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let map = services()
-		.globals
-		.roomid_federationhandletime
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn incoming_federation(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let map = self
+		.services
+		.rooms
+		.event_handler
+		.federation_handletime
 		.read()
 		.expect("locked");
 	let mut msg = format!("Handling {} incoming pdus:\n", map.len());
@@ -30,11 +36,10 @@ pub(super) async fn incoming_federation(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageE
 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(&msg))
 }

-pub(super) async fn fetch_support_well_known(
-	_body: Vec<&str>, server_name: Box<ServerName>,
-) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let response = services()
-		.globals
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn fetch_support_well_known(&self, server_name: Box<ServerName>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let response = self
+		.services
 		.client
 		.default
 		.get(format!("https://{server_name}/.well-known/matrix/support"))
@@ -72,25 +77,27 @@ pub(super) async fn fetch_support_well_known(
 	)))
 }

-pub(super) async fn remote_user_in_rooms(_body: Vec<&str>, user_id: Box<UserId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	if user_id.server_name() == services().globals.config.server_name {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn remote_user_in_rooms(&self, user_id: Box<UserId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	if user_id.server_name() == self.services.globals.config.server_name {
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"User belongs to our server, please use `list-joined-rooms` user admin command instead.",
 		));
 	}

-	if !services().users.exists(&user_id)? {
+	if !self.services.users.exists(&user_id)? {
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Remote user does not exist in our database.",
 		));
 	}

-	let mut rooms: Vec<(OwnedRoomId, u64, String)> = services()
+	let mut rooms: Vec<(OwnedRoomId, u64, String)> = self
+		.services
 		.rooms
 		.state_cache
 		.rooms_joined(&user_id)
 		.filter_map(Result::ok)
-		.map(|room_id| get_room_info(&room_id))
+		.map(|room_id| get_room_info(self.services, &room_id))
 		.collect();

 	if rooms.is_empty() {
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ mod commands;

 use clap::Subcommand;
 use conduit::Result;
-use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, RoomId, ServerName, UserId};
+use ruma::{RoomId, ServerName, UserId};

-use self::commands::*;
+use crate::admin_command_dispatch;

-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
+#[admin_command_dispatch]
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
 pub(super) enum FederationCommand {
 	/// - List all rooms we are currently handling an incoming pdu from
 	IncomingFederation,
@@ -40,21 +40,3 @@ pub(super) enum FederationCommand {
 		user_id: Box<UserId>,
 	},
 }
-
-pub(super) async fn process(command: FederationCommand, body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	Ok(match command {
-		FederationCommand::DisableRoom {
-			room_id,
-		} => disable_room(body, room_id).await?,
-		FederationCommand::EnableRoom {
-			room_id,
-		} => enable_room(body, room_id).await?,
-		FederationCommand::IncomingFederation => incoming_federation(body).await?,
-		FederationCommand::FetchSupportWellKnown {
-			server_name,
-		} => fetch_support_well_known(body, server_name).await?,
-		FederationCommand::RemoteUserInRooms {
-			user_id,
-		} => remote_user_in_rooms(body, user_id).await?,
-	})
-}
@@ -1,171 +1,212 @@
-use std::time::Instant;
+use std::{panic::AssertUnwindSafe, sync::Arc, time::Instant};

-use clap::Parser;
-use conduit::trace;
-use ruma::events::{
-	relation::InReplyTo,
-	room::message::{Relation::Reply, RoomMessageEventContent},
+use clap::{CommandFactory, Parser};
+use conduit::{checked, error, trace, utils::string::common_prefix, Error, Result};
+use futures_util::future::FutureExt;
+use ruma::{
+	events::{
+		relation::InReplyTo,
+		room::message::{Relation::Reply, RoomMessageEventContent},
+	},
+	OwnedEventId,
+};
+use service::{
+	admin::{CommandInput, CommandOutput, CommandResult, HandlerResult},
+	Services,
 };

-extern crate conduit_service as service;
-
-use conduit::Result;
-pub(crate) use service::admin::{Command, Service};
-use service::admin::{CommandOutput, CommandResult, HandlerResult};
-
-use crate::{
-	appservice, appservice::AppserviceCommand, check, check::CheckCommand, debug, debug::DebugCommand, federation,
-	federation::FederationCommand, media, media::MediaCommand, query, query::QueryCommand, room, room::RoomCommand,
-	server, server::ServerCommand, services, user, user::UserCommand,
-};
-pub(crate) const PAGE_SIZE: usize = 100;
-
-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Parser)]
-#[command(name = "admin", version = env!("CARGO_PKG_VERSION"))]
-pub(crate) enum AdminCommand {
-	#[command(subcommand)]
-	/// - Commands for managing appservices
-	Appservices(AppserviceCommand),
-
-	#[command(subcommand)]
-	/// - Commands for managing local users
-	Users(UserCommand),
-
-	#[command(subcommand)]
-	/// - Commands for managing rooms
-	Rooms(RoomCommand),
-
-	#[command(subcommand)]
-	/// - Commands for managing federation
-	Federation(FederationCommand),
-
-	#[command(subcommand)]
-	/// - Commands for managing the server
-	Server(ServerCommand),
-
-	#[command(subcommand)]
-	/// - Commands for managing media
-	Media(MediaCommand),
-
-	#[command(subcommand)]
-	/// - Commands for checking integrity
-	Check(CheckCommand),
-
-	#[command(subcommand)]
-	/// - Commands for debugging things
-	Debug(DebugCommand),
-
-	#[command(subcommand)]
-	/// - Low-level queries for database getters and iterators
-	Query(QueryCommand),
-}
+use crate::{admin, admin::AdminCommand, Command};

 #[must_use]
-pub fn handle(command: Command) -> HandlerResult { Box::pin(handle_command(command)) }
+pub(super) fn complete(line: &str) -> String { complete_command(AdminCommand::command(), line) }
+
+#[must_use]
+pub(super) fn handle(services: Arc<Services>, command: CommandInput) -> HandlerResult {
+	Box::pin(handle_command(services, command))
+}

 #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, name = "admin")]
-async fn handle_command(command: Command) -> CommandResult {
-	let Some(mut content) = process_admin_message(command.command).await else {
-		return Ok(None);
-	};
+async fn handle_command(services: Arc<Services>, command: CommandInput) -> CommandResult {
+	AssertUnwindSafe(Box::pin(process_command(services, &command)))
+		.catch_unwind()
+		.await
+		.map_err(Error::from_panic)
+		.or_else(|error| handle_panic(&error, command))
+}

-	content.relates_to = command.reply_id.map(|event_id| Reply {
+async fn process_command(services: Arc<Services>, command: &CommandInput) -> CommandOutput {
+	process(services, &command.command)
+		.await
+		.and_then(|content| reply(content, command.reply_id.clone()))
+}
+
+fn handle_panic(error: &Error, command: CommandInput) -> CommandResult {
+	let link = "Please submit a [bug report](https://github.com/girlbossceo/conduwuit/issues/new). 🥺";
+	let msg = format!("Panic occurred while processing command:\n```\n{error:#?}\n```\n{link}");
+	let content = RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(msg);
+	error!("Panic while processing command: {error:?}");
+	Ok(reply(content, command.reply_id))
+}
+
+fn reply(mut content: RoomMessageEventContent, reply_id: Option<OwnedEventId>) -> Option<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	content.relates_to = reply_id.map(|event_id| Reply {
 		in_reply_to: InReplyTo {
 			event_id,
 		},
 	});

-	Ok(Some(content))
+	Some(content)
 }

 // Parse and process a message from the admin room
-async fn process_admin_message(msg: String) -> CommandOutput {
-	let mut lines = msg.lines().filter(|l| !l.trim().is_empty());
-	let command = lines.next().expect("each string has at least one line");
-	let body = lines.collect::<Vec<_>>();
-	let parsed = match parse_admin_command(command) {
+async fn process(services: Arc<Services>, msg: &str) -> CommandOutput {
+	let lines = msg.lines().filter(|l| !l.trim().is_empty());
+	let command = lines
+		.clone()
+		.next()
+		.expect("each string has at least one line");
+	let (parsed, body) = match parse_command(command) {
 		Ok(parsed) => parsed,
 		Err(error) => {
-			let server_name = services().globals.server_name();
+			let server_name = services.globals.server_name();
 			let message = error.replace("server.name", server_name.as_str());
 			return Some(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(message));
 		},
 	};

+	let body = parse_body(AdminCommand::command(), &body, lines.skip(1).collect()).expect("trailing body parsed");
+	let context = Command {
+		services: &services,
+		body: &body,
+	};
 	let timer = Instant::now();
-	let result = process_admin_command(parsed, body).await;
+	let result = Box::pin(admin::process(parsed, &context)).await;
 	let elapsed = timer.elapsed();
 	conduit::debug!(?command, ok = result.is_ok(), "command processed in {elapsed:?}");
 	match result {
 		Ok(reply) => Some(reply),
 		Err(error) => Some(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
-			"Encountered an error while handling the command:\n```\n{error}\n```"
+			"Encountered an error while handling the command:\n```\n{error:#?}\n```"
 		))),
 	}
 }

 // Parse chat messages from the admin room into an AdminCommand object
-fn parse_admin_command(command_line: &str) -> Result<AdminCommand, String> {
-	let mut argv = command_line.split_whitespace().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+fn parse_command(command_line: &str) -> Result<(AdminCommand, Vec<String>), String> {
+	let argv = parse_line(command_line);
+	let com = AdminCommand::try_parse_from(&argv).map_err(|error| error.to_string())?;
+	Ok((com, argv))
+}
+
+fn parse_body<'a>(mut cmd: clap::Command, body: &'a [String], lines: Vec<&'a str>) -> Result<Vec<&'a str>> {
+	let mut start = 1;
+	'token: for token in body.iter().skip(1) {
+		let cmd_ = cmd.clone();
+		for sub in cmd_.get_subcommands() {
+			if sub.get_name() == *token {
+				start = checked!(start + 1)?;
+				cmd = sub.clone();
+				continue 'token;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// positional arguments have to be skipped too
+		let num_posargs = cmd_.get_positionals().count();
+		start = checked!(start + num_posargs)?;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	Ok(body
+		.iter()
+		.skip(start)
+		.map(String::as_str)
+		.chain(lines)
+		.collect::<Vec<&'a str>>())
+}
+
+fn complete_command(mut cmd: clap::Command, line: &str) -> String {
+	let argv = parse_line(line);
+	let mut ret = Vec::<String>::with_capacity(argv.len().saturating_add(1));
+
+	'token: for token in argv.into_iter().skip(1) {
+		let cmd_ = cmd.clone();
+		let mut choice = Vec::new();
+
+		for sub in cmd_.get_subcommands() {
+			let name = sub.get_name();
+			if *name == token {
+				// token already complete; recurse to subcommand
+				ret.push(token);
+				cmd.clone_from(sub);
+				continue 'token;
+			} else if name.starts_with(&token) {
+				// partial match; add to choices
+				choice.push(name);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if choice.len() == 1 {
+			// One choice. Add extra space because it's complete
+			let choice = *choice.first().expect("only choice");
+			ret.push(choice.to_owned());
+			ret.push(String::new());
+		} else if choice.is_empty() {
+			// Nothing found, return original string
+			ret.push(token);
+		} else {
+			// Find the common prefix
+			ret.push(common_prefix(&choice).into());
+		}
+
+		// Return from completion
+		return ret.join(" ");
+	}
+
+	// Return from no completion. Needs a space though.
+	ret.push(String::new());
+	ret.join(" ")
+}
+
+// Parse chat messages from the admin room into an AdminCommand object
+fn parse_line(command_line: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+	let mut argv = command_line
+		.split_whitespace()
+		.map(str::to_owned)
+		.collect::<Vec<String>>();

 	// Remove any escapes that came with a server-side escape command
 	if !argv.is_empty() && argv[0].ends_with("admin") {
-		argv[0] = argv[0].trim_start_matches('\\');
+		argv[0] = argv[0].trim_start_matches('\\').into();
 	}

 	// First indice has to be "admin" but for console convenience we add it here
-	let server_user = services().globals.server_user.as_str();
-	if !argv.is_empty() && !argv[0].ends_with("admin") && !argv[0].starts_with(server_user) {
-		argv.insert(0, "admin");
+	if !argv.is_empty() && !argv[0].ends_with("admin") && !argv[0].starts_with('@') {
+		argv.insert(0, "admin".to_owned());
 	}

 	// Replace `help command` with `command --help`
 	// Clap has a help subcommand, but it omits the long help description.
 	if argv.len() > 1 && argv[1] == "help" {
 		argv.remove(1);
-		argv.push("--help");
+		argv.push("--help".to_owned());
 	}

 	// Backwards compatibility with `register_appservice`-style commands
-	let command_with_dashes_argv1;
 	if argv.len() > 1 && argv[1].contains('_') {
-		command_with_dashes_argv1 = argv[1].replace('_', "-");
-		argv[1] = &command_with_dashes_argv1;
+		argv[1] = argv[1].replace('_', "-");
 	}

 	// Backwards compatibility with `register_appservice`-style commands
-	let command_with_dashes_argv2;
 	if argv.len() > 2 && argv[2].contains('_') {
-		command_with_dashes_argv2 = argv[2].replace('_', "-");
-		argv[2] = &command_with_dashes_argv2;
+		argv[2] = argv[2].replace('_', "-");
 	}

 	// if the user is using the `query` command (argv[1]), replace the database
 	// function/table calls with underscores to match the codebase
-	let command_with_dashes_argv3;
 	if argv.len() > 3 && argv[1].eq("query") {
-		command_with_dashes_argv3 = argv[3].replace('_', "-");
-		argv[3] = &command_with_dashes_argv3;
+		argv[3] = argv[3].replace('_', "-");
 	}

 	trace!(?command_line, ?argv, "parse");
-	AdminCommand::try_parse_from(argv).map_err(|error| error.to_string())
-}
-
-#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, name = "command")]
-async fn process_admin_command(command: AdminCommand, body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let reply_message_content = match command {
-		AdminCommand::Appservices(command) => appservice::process(command, body).await?,
-		AdminCommand::Media(command) => media::process(command, body).await?,
-		AdminCommand::Users(command) => user::process(command, body).await?,
-		AdminCommand::Rooms(command) => room::process(command, body).await?,
-		AdminCommand::Federation(command) => federation::process(command, body).await?,
-		AdminCommand::Server(command) => server::process(command, body).await?,
-		AdminCommand::Debug(command) => debug::process(command, body).await?,
-		AdminCommand::Query(command) => query::process(command, body).await?,
-		AdminCommand::Check(command) => check::process(command, body).await?,
-	};
-
-	Ok(reply_message_content)
+	argv
 }
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use conduit::Result;
+use conduit::{debug, info, Result};
 use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, EventId, MxcUri};
-use tracing::{debug, info};

-use crate::services;
+use crate::admin_command;

+#[admin_command]
 pub(super) async fn delete(
-	_body: Vec<&str>, mxc: Option<Box<MxcUri>>, event_id: Option<Box<EventId>>,
+	&self, mxc: Option<Box<MxcUri>>, event_id: Option<Box<EventId>>,
 ) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	if event_id.is_some() && mxc.is_some() {
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub(super) async fn delete(

 	if let Some(mxc) = mxc {
 		debug!("Got MXC URL: {mxc}");
-		services().media.delete(mxc.as_ref()).await?;
+		self.services.media.delete(mxc.as_ref()).await?;

 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Deleted the MXC from our database and on our filesystem.",
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ pub(super) async fn delete(
 		let mut mxc_deletion_count: usize = 0;

 		// parsing the PDU for any MXC URLs begins here
-		if let Some(event_json) = services().rooms.timeline.get_pdu_json(&event_id)? {
+		if let Some(event_json) = self.services.rooms.timeline.get_pdu_json(&event_id)? {
 			if let Some(content_key) = event_json.get("content") {
 				debug!("Event ID has \"content\".");
 				let content_obj = content_key.as_object();
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ pub(super) async fn delete(
 		}

 		for mxc_url in mxc_urls {
-			services().media.delete(&mxc_url).await?;
+			self.services.media.delete(&mxc_url).await?;
 			mxc_deletion_count = mxc_deletion_count.saturating_add(1);
 		}

@@ -138,23 +138,26 @@ pub(super) async fn delete(
 	))
 }

-pub(super) async fn delete_list(body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	if body.len() < 2 || !body[0].trim().starts_with("```") || body.last().unwrap_or(&"").trim() != "```" {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn delete_list(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	if self.body.len() < 2 || !self.body[0].trim().starts_with("```") || self.body.last().unwrap_or(&"").trim() != "```"
+	{
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Expected code block in command body. Add --help for details.",
 		));
 	}

-	let mxc_list = body
-		.clone()
-		.drain(1..body.len().checked_sub(1).unwrap())
+	let mxc_list = self
+		.body
+		.to_vec()
+		.drain(1..self.body.len().checked_sub(1).unwrap())
 		.collect::<Vec<_>>();

 	let mut mxc_deletion_count: usize = 0;

 	for mxc in mxc_list {
 		debug!("Deleting MXC {mxc} in bulk");
-		services().media.delete(mxc).await?;
+		self.services.media.delete(mxc).await?;
 		mxc_deletion_count = mxc_deletion_count
 			.checked_add(1)
 			.expect("mxc_deletion_count should not get this high");
@@ -165,10 +168,10 @@ pub(super) async fn delete_list(body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventConte
 	)))
 }

-pub(super) async fn delete_past_remote_media(
-	_body: Vec<&str>, duration: String, force: bool,
-) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let deleted_count = services()
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn delete_past_remote_media(&self, duration: String, force: bool) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let deleted_count = self
+		.services
 		.media
 		.delete_all_remote_media_at_after_time(duration, force)
 		.await?;
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ mod commands;

 use clap::Subcommand;
 use conduit::Result;
-use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, EventId, MxcUri};
+use ruma::{EventId, MxcUri};

-use self::commands::*;
+use crate::admin_command_dispatch;

-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
+#[admin_command_dispatch]
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
 pub(super) enum MediaCommand {
 	/// - Deletes a single media file from our database and on the filesystem
 	///   via a single MXC URL
@@ -37,17 +37,3 @@ pub(super) enum MediaCommand {
 		force: bool,
 	},
 }
-
-pub(super) async fn process(command: MediaCommand, body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	Ok(match command {
-		MediaCommand::Delete {
-			mxc,
-			event_id,
-		} => delete(body, mxc, event_id).await?,
-		MediaCommand::DeleteList => delete_list(body).await?,
-		MediaCommand::DeletePastRemoteMedia {
-			duration,
-			force,
-		} => delete_past_remote_media(body, duration, force).await?,
-	})
-}
@@ -1,56 +1,57 @@
+#![recursion_limit = "192"]
 #![allow(clippy::wildcard_imports)]
+#![allow(clippy::enum_glob_use)]
+
+pub(crate) mod admin;
+pub(crate) mod command;
+pub(crate) mod handler;
+mod tests;
+pub(crate) mod utils;

 pub(crate) mod appservice;
 pub(crate) mod check;
 pub(crate) mod debug;
 pub(crate) mod federation;
-pub(crate) mod handler;
 pub(crate) mod media;
 pub(crate) mod query;
 pub(crate) mod room;
 pub(crate) mod server;
 pub(crate) mod user;
-pub(crate) mod utils;

 extern crate conduit_api as api;
 extern crate conduit_core as conduit;
 extern crate conduit_service as service;

-pub(crate) use conduit::{mod_ctor, mod_dtor, Result};
-pub use handler::handle;
-pub(crate) use service::{services, user_is_local};
+pub(crate) use conduit::Result;
+pub(crate) use conduit_macros::{admin_command, admin_command_dispatch};

 pub(crate) use crate::{
-	handler::Service,
+	command::Command,
 	utils::{escape_html, get_room_info},
 };

-mod_ctor! {}
-mod_dtor! {}
+pub(crate) const PAGE_SIZE: usize = 100;

-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-	use clap::Parser;
+conduit::mod_ctor! {}
+conduit::mod_dtor! {}
+conduit::rustc_flags_capture! {}

-	use crate::handler::AdminCommand;
-
-	#[test]
-	fn get_help_short() { get_help_inner("-h"); }
-
-	#[test]
-	fn get_help_long() { get_help_inner("--help"); }
-
-	#[test]
-	fn get_help_subcommand() { get_help_inner("help"); }
-
-	fn get_help_inner(input: &str) {
-		let error = AdminCommand::try_parse_from(["argv[0] doesn't matter", input])
-			.unwrap_err()
-			.to_string();
-
-		// Search for a handful of keywords that suggest the help printed properly
-		assert!(error.contains("Usage:"));
-		assert!(error.contains("Commands:"));
-		assert!(error.contains("Options:"));
-	}
+/// Install the admin command handler
+pub async fn init(admin_service: &service::admin::Service) {
+	_ = admin_service
+		.complete
+		.write()
+		.expect("locked for writing")
+		.insert(handler::complete);
+	_ = admin_service.handle.write().await.insert(handler::handle);
+}
+
+/// Uninstall the admin command handler
+pub async fn fini(admin_service: &service::admin::Service) {
+	_ = admin_service.handle.write().await.take();
+	_ = admin_service
+		.complete
+		.write()
+		.expect("locked for writing")
+		.take();
 }
@@ -1,18 +1,48 @@
-use ruma::events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent;
+use clap::Subcommand;
+use conduit::Result;
+use ruma::{
+	events::{room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, RoomAccountDataEventType},
+	RoomId, UserId,
+};

-use super::AccountData;
-use crate::{services, Result};
+use crate::Command;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
+/// All the getters and iterators from src/database/key_value/account_data.rs
+pub(crate) enum AccountDataCommand {
+	/// - Returns all changes to the account data that happened after `since`.
+	ChangesSince {
+		/// Full user ID
+		user_id: Box<UserId>,
+		/// UNIX timestamp since (u64)
+		since: u64,
+		/// Optional room ID of the account data
+		room_id: Option<Box<RoomId>>,
+	},
+
+	/// - Searches the account data for a specific kind.
+	Get {
+		/// Full user ID
+		user_id: Box<UserId>,
+		/// Account data event type
+		kind: RoomAccountDataEventType,
+		/// Optional room ID of the account data
+		room_id: Option<Box<RoomId>>,
+	},
+}

 /// All the getters and iterators from src/database/key_value/account_data.rs
-pub(super) async fn account_data(subcommand: AccountData) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+pub(super) async fn process(subcommand: AccountDataCommand, context: &Command<'_>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let services = context.services;
+
 	match subcommand {
-		AccountData::ChangesSince {
+		AccountDataCommand::ChangesSince {
 			user_id,
 			since,
 			room_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services()
+			let results = services
 				.account_data
 				.changes_since(room_id.as_deref(), &user_id, since)?;
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();
@@ -21,13 +51,13 @@ pub(super) async fn account_data(subcommand: AccountData) -> Result<RoomMessageE
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		AccountData::Get {
+		AccountDataCommand::Get {
 			user_id,
 			kind,
 			room_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services()
+			let results = services
 				.account_data
 				.get(room_id.as_deref(), &user_id, kind)?;
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();
@@ -1,16 +1,32 @@
+use clap::Subcommand;
+use conduit::Result;
 use ruma::events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent;

-use super::Appservice;
-use crate::{services, Result};
+use crate::Command;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
+/// All the getters and iterators from src/database/key_value/appservice.rs
+pub(crate) enum AppserviceCommand {
+	/// - Gets the appservice registration info/details from the ID as a string
+	GetRegistration {
+		/// Appservice registration ID
+		appservice_id: Box<str>,
+	},
+
+	/// - Gets all appservice registrations with their ID and registration info
+	All,
+}

 /// All the getters and iterators from src/database/key_value/appservice.rs
-pub(super) async fn appservice(subcommand: Appservice) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+pub(super) async fn process(subcommand: AppserviceCommand, context: &Command<'_>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let services = context.services;
+
 	match subcommand {
-		Appservice::GetRegistration {
+		AppserviceCommand::GetRegistration {
 			appservice_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services()
+			let results = services
 				.appservice
 				.db
 				.get_registration(appservice_id.as_ref());
@@ -20,9 +36,9 @@ pub(super) async fn appservice(subcommand: Appservice) -> Result<RoomMessageEven
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		Appservice::All => {
+		AppserviceCommand::All => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services().appservice.all();
+			let results = services.appservice.all();
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
@@ -1,52 +1,73 @@
-use ruma::events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent;
+use clap::Subcommand;
+use conduit::Result;
+use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, ServerName};

-use super::Globals;
-use crate::{services, Result};
+use crate::Command;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
+/// All the getters and iterators from src/database/key_value/globals.rs
+pub(crate) enum GlobalsCommand {
+	DatabaseVersion,
+
+	CurrentCount,
+
+	LastCheckForUpdatesId,
+
+	LoadKeypair,
+
+	/// - This returns an empty `Ok(BTreeMap<..>)` when there are no keys found
+	///   for the server.
+	SigningKeysFor {
+		origin: Box<ServerName>,
+	},
+}

 /// All the getters and iterators from src/database/key_value/globals.rs
-pub(super) async fn globals(subcommand: Globals) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+pub(super) async fn process(subcommand: GlobalsCommand, context: &Command<'_>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let services = context.services;
+
 	match subcommand {
-		Globals::DatabaseVersion => {
+		GlobalsCommand::DatabaseVersion => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services().globals.db.database_version();
+			let results = services.globals.db.database_version();
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		Globals::CurrentCount => {
+		GlobalsCommand::CurrentCount => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services().globals.db.current_count();
+			let results = services.globals.db.current_count();
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		Globals::LastCheckForUpdatesId => {
+		GlobalsCommand::LastCheckForUpdatesId => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services().globals.db.last_check_for_updates_id();
+			let results = services.updates.last_check_for_updates_id();
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		Globals::LoadKeypair => {
+		GlobalsCommand::LoadKeypair => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services().globals.db.load_keypair();
+			let results = services.globals.db.load_keypair();
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		Globals::SigningKeysFor {
+		GlobalsCommand::SigningKeysFor {
 			origin,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services().globals.db.signing_keys_for(&origin);
+			let results = services.globals.db.verify_keys_for(&origin);
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
@@ -10,314 +10,51 @@ mod users;

 use clap::Subcommand;
 use conduit::Result;
-use room_state_cache::room_state_cache;
-use ruma::{
-	events::{room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, RoomAccountDataEventType},
-	OwnedServerName, RoomAliasId, RoomId, ServerName, UserId,
-};

 use self::{
-	account_data::account_data, appservice::appservice, globals::globals, presence::presence, resolver::resolver,
-	room_alias::room_alias, sending::sending, users::users,
+	account_data::AccountDataCommand, appservice::AppserviceCommand, globals::GlobalsCommand,
+	presence::PresenceCommand, resolver::ResolverCommand, room_alias::RoomAliasCommand,
+	room_state_cache::RoomStateCacheCommand, sending::SendingCommand, users::UsersCommand,
 };
+use crate::admin_command_dispatch;

-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
+#[admin_command_dispatch]
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
 /// Query tables from database
 pub(super) enum QueryCommand {
 	/// - account_data.rs iterators and getters
 	#[command(subcommand)]
-	AccountData(AccountData),
+	AccountData(AccountDataCommand),

 	/// - appservice.rs iterators and getters
 	#[command(subcommand)]
-	Appservice(Appservice),
+	Appservice(AppserviceCommand),

 	/// - presence.rs iterators and getters
 	#[command(subcommand)]
-	Presence(Presence),
+	Presence(PresenceCommand),

 	/// - rooms/alias.rs iterators and getters
 	#[command(subcommand)]
-	RoomAlias(RoomAlias),
+	RoomAlias(RoomAliasCommand),

 	/// - rooms/state_cache iterators and getters
 	#[command(subcommand)]
-	RoomStateCache(RoomStateCache),
+	RoomStateCache(RoomStateCacheCommand),

 	/// - globals.rs iterators and getters
 	#[command(subcommand)]
-	Globals(Globals),
+	Globals(GlobalsCommand),

 	/// - sending.rs iterators and getters
 	#[command(subcommand)]
-	Sending(Sending),
+	Sending(SendingCommand),

 	/// - users.rs iterators and getters
 	#[command(subcommand)]
-	Users(Users),
+	Users(UsersCommand),

 	/// - resolver service
 	#[command(subcommand)]
-	Resolver(Resolver),
-}
-
-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
-/// All the getters and iterators from src/database/key_value/account_data.rs
-pub(super) enum AccountData {
-	/// - Returns all changes to the account data that happened after `since`.
-	ChangesSince {
-		/// Full user ID
-		user_id: Box<UserId>,
-		/// UNIX timestamp since (u64)
-		since: u64,
-		/// Optional room ID of the account data
-		room_id: Option<Box<RoomId>>,
-	},
-
-	/// - Searches the account data for a specific kind.
-	Get {
-		/// Full user ID
-		user_id: Box<UserId>,
-		/// Account data event type
-		kind: RoomAccountDataEventType,
-		/// Optional room ID of the account data
-		room_id: Option<Box<RoomId>>,
-	},
-}
-
-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
-/// All the getters and iterators from src/database/key_value/appservice.rs
-pub(super) enum Appservice {
-	/// - Gets the appservice registration info/details from the ID as a string
-	GetRegistration {
-		/// Appservice registration ID
-		appservice_id: Box<str>,
-	},
-
-	/// - Gets all appservice registrations with their ID and registration info
-	All,
-}
-
-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
-/// All the getters and iterators from src/database/key_value/presence.rs
-pub(super) enum Presence {
-	/// - Returns the latest presence event for the given user.
-	GetPresence {
-		/// Full user ID
-		user_id: Box<UserId>,
-	},
-
-	/// - Iterator of the most recent presence updates that happened after the
-	///   event with id `since`.
-	PresenceSince {
-		/// UNIX timestamp since (u64)
-		since: u64,
-	},
-}
-
-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
-/// All the getters and iterators from src/database/key_value/rooms/alias.rs
-pub(super) enum RoomAlias {
-	ResolveLocalAlias {
-		/// Full room alias
-		alias: Box<RoomAliasId>,
-	},
-
-	/// - Iterator of all our local room aliases for the room ID
-	LocalAliasesForRoom {
-		/// Full room ID
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-	},
-
-	/// - Iterator of all our local aliases in our database with their room IDs
-	AllLocalAliases,
-}
-
-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
-pub(super) enum RoomStateCache {
-	ServerInRoom {
-		server: Box<ServerName>,
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-	},
-
-	RoomServers {
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-	},
-
-	ServerRooms {
-		server: Box<ServerName>,
-	},
-
-	RoomMembers {
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-	},
-
-	LocalUsersInRoom {
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-	},
-
-	ActiveLocalUsersInRoom {
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-	},
-
-	RoomJoinedCount {
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-	},
-
-	RoomInvitedCount {
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-	},
-
-	RoomUserOnceJoined {
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-	},
-
-	RoomMembersInvited {
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-	},
-
-	GetInviteCount {
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-		user_id: Box<UserId>,
-	},
-
-	GetLeftCount {
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-		user_id: Box<UserId>,
-	},
-
-	RoomsJoined {
-		user_id: Box<UserId>,
-	},
-
-	RoomsLeft {
-		user_id: Box<UserId>,
-	},
-
-	RoomsInvited {
-		user_id: Box<UserId>,
-	},
-
-	InviteState {
-		user_id: Box<UserId>,
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-	},
-}
-
-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
-/// All the getters and iterators from src/database/key_value/globals.rs
-pub(super) enum Globals {
-	DatabaseVersion,
-
-	CurrentCount,
-
-	LastCheckForUpdatesId,
-
-	LoadKeypair,
-
-	/// - This returns an empty `Ok(BTreeMap<..>)` when there are no keys found
-	///   for the server.
-	SigningKeysFor {
-		origin: Box<ServerName>,
-	},
-}
-
-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
-/// All the getters and iterators from src/database/key_value/sending.rs
-pub(super) enum Sending {
-	/// - Queries database for all `servercurrentevent_data`
-	ActiveRequests,
-
-	/// - Queries database for `servercurrentevent_data` but for a specific
-	///   destination
-	///
-	/// This command takes only *one* format of these arguments:
-	///
-	/// appservice_id
-	/// server_name
-	/// user_id AND push_key
-	///
-	/// See src/service/sending/mod.rs for the definition of the `Destination`
-	/// enum
-	ActiveRequestsFor {
-		#[arg(short, long)]
-		appservice_id: Option<String>,
-		#[arg(short, long)]
-		server_name: Option<Box<ServerName>>,
-		#[arg(short, long)]
-		user_id: Option<Box<UserId>>,
-		#[arg(short, long)]
-		push_key: Option<String>,
-	},
-
-	/// - Queries database for `servernameevent_data` which are the queued up
-	///   requests that will eventually be sent
-	///
-	/// This command takes only *one* format of these arguments:
-	///
-	/// appservice_id
-	/// server_name
-	/// user_id AND push_key
-	///
-	/// See src/service/sending/mod.rs for the definition of the `Destination`
-	/// enum
-	QueuedRequests {
-		#[arg(short, long)]
-		appservice_id: Option<String>,
-		#[arg(short, long)]
-		server_name: Option<Box<ServerName>>,
-		#[arg(short, long)]
-		user_id: Option<Box<UserId>>,
-		#[arg(short, long)]
-		push_key: Option<String>,
-	},
-
-	GetLatestEduCount {
-		server_name: Box<ServerName>,
-	},
-}
-
-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
-/// All the getters and iterators from src/database/key_value/users.rs
-pub(super) enum Users {
-	Iter,
-}
-
-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
-/// Resolver service and caches
-pub(super) enum Resolver {
-	/// Query the destinations cache
-	DestinationsCache {
-		server_name: Option<OwnedServerName>,
-	},
-
-	/// Query the overrides cache
-	OverridesCache {
-		name: Option<String>,
-	},
-}
-
-/// Processes admin query commands
-pub(super) async fn process(command: QueryCommand, _body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	Ok(match command {
-		QueryCommand::AccountData(command) => account_data(command).await?,
-		QueryCommand::Appservice(command) => appservice(command).await?,
-		QueryCommand::Presence(command) => presence(command).await?,
-		QueryCommand::RoomAlias(command) => room_alias(command).await?,
-		QueryCommand::RoomStateCache(command) => room_state_cache(command).await?,
-		QueryCommand::Globals(command) => globals(command).await?,
-		QueryCommand::Sending(command) => sending(command).await?,
-		QueryCommand::Users(command) => users(command).await?,
-		QueryCommand::Resolver(command) => resolver(command).await?,
-	})
+	Resolver(ResolverCommand),
 }
@@ -1,27 +1,47 @@
-use ruma::events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent;
+use clap::Subcommand;
+use conduit::Result;
+use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, UserId};

-use super::Presence;
-use crate::{services, Result};
+use crate::Command;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
+/// All the getters and iterators from src/database/key_value/presence.rs
+pub(crate) enum PresenceCommand {
+	/// - Returns the latest presence event for the given user.
+	GetPresence {
+		/// Full user ID
+		user_id: Box<UserId>,
+	},
+
+	/// - Iterator of the most recent presence updates that happened after the
+	///   event with id `since`.
+	PresenceSince {
+		/// UNIX timestamp since (u64)
+		since: u64,
+	},
+}

 /// All the getters and iterators in key_value/presence.rs
-pub(super) async fn presence(subcommand: Presence) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+pub(super) async fn process(subcommand: PresenceCommand, context: &Command<'_>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let services = context.services;
+
 	match subcommand {
-		Presence::GetPresence {
+		PresenceCommand::GetPresence {
 			user_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services().presence.db.get_presence(&user_id)?;
+			let results = services.presence.db.get_presence(&user_id)?;
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		Presence::PresenceSince {
+		PresenceCommand::PresenceSince {
 			since,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services().presence.db.presence_since(since);
+			let results = services.presence.db.presence_since(since);
 			let presence_since: Vec<(_, _, _)> = results.collect();
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

@@ -1,25 +1,29 @@
 use std::fmt::Write;

+use clap::Subcommand;
 use conduit::{utils::time, Result};
 use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, OwnedServerName};

-use super::Resolver;
-use crate::services;
+use crate::{admin_command, admin_command_dispatch};

-/// All the getters and iterators in key_value/users.rs
-pub(super) async fn resolver(subcommand: Resolver) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	match subcommand {
-		Resolver::DestinationsCache {
-			server_name,
-		} => destinations_cache(server_name).await,
-		Resolver::OverridesCache {
-			name,
-		} => overrides_cache(name).await,
-	}
+#[admin_command_dispatch]
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
+/// Resolver service and caches
+pub(crate) enum ResolverCommand {
+	/// Query the destinations cache
+	DestinationsCache {
+		server_name: Option<OwnedServerName>,
+	},
+
+	/// Query the overrides cache
+	OverridesCache {
+		name: Option<String>,
+	},
 }

-async fn destinations_cache(server_name: Option<OwnedServerName>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	use service::sending::CachedDest;
+#[admin_command]
+async fn destinations_cache(&self, server_name: Option<OwnedServerName>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	use service::resolver::cache::CachedDest;

 	let mut out = String::new();
 	writeln!(out, "| Server Name | Destination | Hostname | Expires |")?;
@@ -36,9 +40,10 @@ async fn destinations_cache(server_name: Option<OwnedServerName>) -> Result<Room
 		writeln!(out, "| {name} | {dest} | {host} | {expire} |").expect("wrote line");
 	};

-	let map = services()
-		.globals
+	let map = self
+		.services
 		.resolver
+		.cache
 		.destinations
 		.read()
 		.expect("locked");
@@ -52,8 +57,9 @@ async fn destinations_cache(server_name: Option<OwnedServerName>) -> Result<Room
 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(out))
 }

-async fn overrides_cache(server_name: Option<String>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	use service::sending::CachedOverride;
+#[admin_command]
+async fn overrides_cache(&self, server_name: Option<String>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	use service::resolver::cache::CachedOverride;

 	let mut out = String::new();
 	writeln!(out, "| Server Name | IP  | Port | Expires |")?;
@@ -70,9 +76,10 @@ async fn overrides_cache(server_name: Option<String>) -> Result<RoomMessageEvent
 		writeln!(out, "| {name} | {ips:?} | {port} | {expire} |").expect("wrote line");
 	};

-	let map = services()
-		.globals
+	let map = self
+		.services
 		.resolver
+		.cache
 		.overrides
 		.read()
 		.expect("locked");
@@ -1,27 +1,48 @@
-use ruma::events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent;
+use clap::Subcommand;
+use conduit::Result;
+use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, RoomAliasId, RoomId};

-use super::RoomAlias;
-use crate::{services, Result};
+use crate::Command;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
+/// All the getters and iterators from src/database/key_value/rooms/alias.rs
+pub(crate) enum RoomAliasCommand {
+	ResolveLocalAlias {
+		/// Full room alias
+		alias: Box<RoomAliasId>,
+	},
+
+	/// - Iterator of all our local room aliases for the room ID
+	LocalAliasesForRoom {
+		/// Full room ID
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+	},
+
+	/// - Iterator of all our local aliases in our database with their room IDs
+	AllLocalAliases,
+}

 /// All the getters and iterators in src/database/key_value/rooms/alias.rs
-pub(super) async fn room_alias(subcommand: RoomAlias) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+pub(super) async fn process(subcommand: RoomAliasCommand, context: &Command<'_>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let services = context.services;
+
 	match subcommand {
-		RoomAlias::ResolveLocalAlias {
+		RoomAliasCommand::ResolveLocalAlias {
 			alias,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services().rooms.alias.resolve_local_alias(&alias);
+			let results = services.rooms.alias.resolve_local_alias(&alias);
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		RoomAlias::LocalAliasesForRoom {
+		RoomAliasCommand::LocalAliasesForRoom {
 			room_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services().rooms.alias.local_aliases_for_room(&room_id);
+			let results = services.rooms.alias.local_aliases_for_room(&room_id);
 			let aliases: Vec<_> = results.collect();
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

@@ -29,9 +50,9 @@ pub(super) async fn room_alias(subcommand: RoomAlias) -> Result<RoomMessageEvent
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{aliases:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		RoomAlias::AllLocalAliases => {
+		RoomAliasCommand::AllLocalAliases => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services().rooms.alias.all_local_aliases();
+			let results = services.rooms.alias.all_local_aliases();
 			let aliases: Vec<_> = results.collect();
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

@@ -1,71 +1,136 @@
-use ruma::events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent;
+use clap::Subcommand;
+use conduit::Result;
+use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, RoomId, ServerName, UserId};

-use super::RoomStateCache;
-use crate::{services, Result};
+use crate::Command;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
+pub(crate) enum RoomStateCacheCommand {
+	ServerInRoom {
+		server: Box<ServerName>,
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+	},
+
+	RoomServers {
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+	},
+
+	ServerRooms {
+		server: Box<ServerName>,
+	},
+
+	RoomMembers {
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+	},
+
+	LocalUsersInRoom {
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+	},
+
+	ActiveLocalUsersInRoom {
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+	},
+
+	RoomJoinedCount {
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+	},
+
+	RoomInvitedCount {
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+	},
+
+	RoomUserOnceJoined {
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+	},
+
+	RoomMembersInvited {
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+	},
+
+	GetInviteCount {
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+		user_id: Box<UserId>,
+	},
+
+	GetLeftCount {
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+		user_id: Box<UserId>,
+	},
+
+	RoomsJoined {
+		user_id: Box<UserId>,
+	},
+
+	RoomsLeft {
+		user_id: Box<UserId>,
+	},
+
+	RoomsInvited {
+		user_id: Box<UserId>,
+	},
+
+	InviteState {
+		user_id: Box<UserId>,
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+	},
+}
+
+pub(super) async fn process(
+	subcommand: RoomStateCacheCommand, context: &Command<'_>,
+) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let services = context.services;

-pub(super) async fn room_state_cache(subcommand: RoomStateCache) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	match subcommand {
-		RoomStateCache::ServerInRoom {
+		RoomStateCacheCommand::ServerInRoom {
 			server,
 			room_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let result = services()
-				.rooms
-				.state_cache
-				.server_in_room(&server, &room_id);
+			let result = services.rooms.state_cache.server_in_room(&server, &room_id);
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{result:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		RoomStateCache::RoomServers {
+		RoomStateCacheCommand::RoomServers {
 			room_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results: Result<Vec<_>> = services()
-				.rooms
-				.state_cache
-				.room_servers(&room_id)
-				.collect();
+			let results: Result<Vec<_>> = services.rooms.state_cache.room_servers(&room_id).collect();
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		RoomStateCache::ServerRooms {
+		RoomStateCacheCommand::ServerRooms {
 			server,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results: Result<Vec<_>> = services().rooms.state_cache.server_rooms(&server).collect();
+			let results: Result<Vec<_>> = services.rooms.state_cache.server_rooms(&server).collect();
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		RoomStateCache::RoomMembers {
+		RoomStateCacheCommand::RoomMembers {
 			room_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results: Result<Vec<_>> = services()
-				.rooms
-				.state_cache
-				.room_members(&room_id)
-				.collect();
+			let results: Result<Vec<_>> = services.rooms.state_cache.room_members(&room_id).collect();
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		RoomStateCache::LocalUsersInRoom {
+		RoomStateCacheCommand::LocalUsersInRoom {
 			room_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results: Vec<_> = services()
+			let results: Vec<_> = services
 				.rooms
 				.state_cache
 				.local_users_in_room(&room_id)
@@ -76,11 +141,11 @@ pub(super) async fn room_state_cache(subcommand: RoomStateCache) -> Result<RoomM
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		RoomStateCache::ActiveLocalUsersInRoom {
+		RoomStateCacheCommand::ActiveLocalUsersInRoom {
 			room_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results: Vec<_> = services()
+			let results: Vec<_> = services
 				.rooms
 				.state_cache
 				.active_local_users_in_room(&room_id)
@@ -91,33 +156,33 @@ pub(super) async fn room_state_cache(subcommand: RoomStateCache) -> Result<RoomM
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		RoomStateCache::RoomJoinedCount {
+		RoomStateCacheCommand::RoomJoinedCount {
 			room_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services().rooms.state_cache.room_joined_count(&room_id);
+			let results = services.rooms.state_cache.room_joined_count(&room_id);
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		RoomStateCache::RoomInvitedCount {
+		RoomStateCacheCommand::RoomInvitedCount {
 			room_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services().rooms.state_cache.room_invited_count(&room_id);
+			let results = services.rooms.state_cache.room_invited_count(&room_id);
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		RoomStateCache::RoomUserOnceJoined {
+		RoomStateCacheCommand::RoomUserOnceJoined {
 			room_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results: Result<Vec<_>> = services()
+			let results: Result<Vec<_>> = services
 				.rooms
 				.state_cache
 				.room_useroncejoined(&room_id)
@@ -128,11 +193,11 @@ pub(super) async fn room_state_cache(subcommand: RoomStateCache) -> Result<RoomM
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		RoomStateCache::RoomMembersInvited {
+		RoomStateCacheCommand::RoomMembersInvited {
 			room_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results: Result<Vec<_>> = services()
+			let results: Result<Vec<_>> = services
 				.rooms
 				.state_cache
 				.room_members_invited(&room_id)
@@ -143,12 +208,12 @@ pub(super) async fn room_state_cache(subcommand: RoomStateCache) -> Result<RoomM
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		RoomStateCache::GetInviteCount {
+		RoomStateCacheCommand::GetInviteCount {
 			room_id,
 			user_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services()
+			let results = services
 				.rooms
 				.state_cache
 				.get_invite_count(&room_id, &user_id);
@@ -158,12 +223,12 @@ pub(super) async fn room_state_cache(subcommand: RoomStateCache) -> Result<RoomM
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		RoomStateCache::GetLeftCount {
+		RoomStateCacheCommand::GetLeftCount {
 			room_id,
 			user_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services()
+			let results = services
 				.rooms
 				.state_cache
 				.get_left_count(&room_id, &user_id);
@@ -173,56 +238,45 @@ pub(super) async fn room_state_cache(subcommand: RoomStateCache) -> Result<RoomM
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		RoomStateCache::RoomsJoined {
+		RoomStateCacheCommand::RoomsJoined {
 			user_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results: Result<Vec<_>> = services()
-				.rooms
-				.state_cache
-				.rooms_joined(&user_id)
-				.collect();
+			let results: Result<Vec<_>> = services.rooms.state_cache.rooms_joined(&user_id).collect();
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		RoomStateCache::RoomsInvited {
+		RoomStateCacheCommand::RoomsInvited {
 			user_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results: Result<Vec<_>> = services()
-				.rooms
-				.state_cache
-				.rooms_invited(&user_id)
-				.collect();
+			let results: Result<Vec<_>> = services.rooms.state_cache.rooms_invited(&user_id).collect();
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		RoomStateCache::RoomsLeft {
+		RoomStateCacheCommand::RoomsLeft {
 			user_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results: Result<Vec<_>> = services().rooms.state_cache.rooms_left(&user_id).collect();
+			let results: Result<Vec<_>> = services.rooms.state_cache.rooms_left(&user_id).collect();
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{results:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		RoomStateCache::InviteState {
+		RoomStateCacheCommand::InviteState {
 			user_id,
 			room_id,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services()
-				.rooms
-				.state_cache
-				.invite_state(&user_id, &room_id);
+			let results = services.rooms.state_cache.invite_state(&user_id, &room_id);
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
@@ -1,14 +1,73 @@
-use ruma::events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent;
+use clap::Subcommand;
+use conduit::Result;
+use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, ServerName, UserId};
+use service::sending::Destination;

-use super::Sending;
-use crate::{service::sending::Destination, services, Result};
+use crate::Command;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
+/// All the getters and iterators from src/database/key_value/sending.rs
+pub(crate) enum SendingCommand {
+	/// - Queries database for all `servercurrentevent_data`
+	ActiveRequests,
+
+	/// - Queries database for `servercurrentevent_data` but for a specific
+	///   destination
+	///
+	/// This command takes only *one* format of these arguments:
+	///
+	/// appservice_id
+	/// server_name
+	/// user_id AND push_key
+	///
+	/// See src/service/sending/mod.rs for the definition of the `Destination`
+	/// enum
+	ActiveRequestsFor {
+		#[arg(short, long)]
+		appservice_id: Option<String>,
+		#[arg(short, long)]
+		server_name: Option<Box<ServerName>>,
+		#[arg(short, long)]
+		user_id: Option<Box<UserId>>,
+		#[arg(short, long)]
+		push_key: Option<String>,
+	},
+
+	/// - Queries database for `servernameevent_data` which are the queued up
+	///   requests that will eventually be sent
+	///
+	/// This command takes only *one* format of these arguments:
+	///
+	/// appservice_id
+	/// server_name
+	/// user_id AND push_key
+	///
+	/// See src/service/sending/mod.rs for the definition of the `Destination`
+	/// enum
+	QueuedRequests {
+		#[arg(short, long)]
+		appservice_id: Option<String>,
+		#[arg(short, long)]
+		server_name: Option<Box<ServerName>>,
+		#[arg(short, long)]
+		user_id: Option<Box<UserId>>,
+		#[arg(short, long)]
+		push_key: Option<String>,
+	},
+
+	GetLatestEduCount {
+		server_name: Box<ServerName>,
+	},
+}

 /// All the getters and iterators in key_value/sending.rs
-pub(super) async fn sending(subcommand: Sending) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+pub(super) async fn process(subcommand: SendingCommand, context: &Command<'_>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let services = context.services;
+
 	match subcommand {
-		Sending::ActiveRequests => {
+		SendingCommand::ActiveRequests => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services().sending.db.active_requests();
+			let results = services.sending.db.active_requests();
 			let active_requests: Result<Vec<(_, _, _)>> = results.collect();
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

@@ -16,7 +75,7 @@ pub(super) async fn sending(subcommand: Sending) -> Result<RoomMessageEventConte
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{active_requests:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		Sending::QueuedRequests {
+		SendingCommand::QueuedRequests {
 			appservice_id,
 			server_name,
 			user_id,
@@ -38,12 +97,12 @@ pub(super) async fn sending(subcommand: Sending) -> Result<RoomMessageEventConte
 						));
 					}

-					services()
+					services
 						.sending
 						.db
 						.queued_requests(&Destination::Appservice(appservice_id))
 				},
-				(None, Some(server_name), None, None) => services()
+				(None, Some(server_name), None, None) => services
 					.sending
 					.db
 					.queued_requests(&Destination::Normal(server_name.into())),
@@ -55,7 +114,7 @@ pub(super) async fn sending(subcommand: Sending) -> Result<RoomMessageEventConte
 						));
 					}

-					services()
+					services
 						.sending
 						.db
 						.queued_requests(&Destination::Push(user_id.into(), push_key))
@@ -81,7 +140,7 @@ pub(super) async fn sending(subcommand: Sending) -> Result<RoomMessageEventConte
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{queued_requests:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		Sending::ActiveRequestsFor {
+		SendingCommand::ActiveRequestsFor {
 			appservice_id,
 			server_name,
 			user_id,
@@ -104,12 +163,12 @@ pub(super) async fn sending(subcommand: Sending) -> Result<RoomMessageEventConte
 						));
 					}

-					services()
+					services
 						.sending
 						.db
 						.active_requests_for(&Destination::Appservice(appservice_id))
 				},
-				(None, Some(server_name), None, None) => services()
+				(None, Some(server_name), None, None) => services
 					.sending
 					.db
 					.active_requests_for(&Destination::Normal(server_name.into())),
@@ -121,7 +180,7 @@ pub(super) async fn sending(subcommand: Sending) -> Result<RoomMessageEventConte
 						));
 					}

-					services()
+					services
 						.sending
 						.db
 						.active_requests_for(&Destination::Push(user_id.into(), push_key))
@@ -147,11 +206,11 @@ pub(super) async fn sending(subcommand: Sending) -> Result<RoomMessageEventConte
 				"Query completed in {query_time:?}:\n\n```rs\n{active_requests:#?}\n```"
 			)))
 		},
-		Sending::GetLatestEduCount {
+		SendingCommand::GetLatestEduCount {
 			server_name,
 		} => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services().sending.db.get_latest_educount(&server_name);
+			let results = services.sending.db.get_latest_educount(&server_name);
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
@@ -1,14 +1,23 @@
+use clap::Subcommand;
+use conduit::Result;
 use ruma::events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent;

-use super::Users;
-use crate::{services, Result};
+use crate::Command;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
+/// All the getters and iterators from src/database/key_value/users.rs
+pub(crate) enum UsersCommand {
+	Iter,
+}

 /// All the getters and iterators in key_value/users.rs
-pub(super) async fn users(subcommand: Users) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+pub(super) async fn process(subcommand: UsersCommand, context: &Command<'_>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let services = context.services;
+
 	match subcommand {
-		Users::Iter => {
+		UsersCommand::Iter => {
 			let timer = tokio::time::Instant::now();
-			let results = services().users.db.iter();
+			let results = services.users.db.iter();
 			let users = results.collect::<Vec<_>>();
 			let query_time = timer.elapsed();

@@ -1,12 +1,49 @@
 use std::fmt::Write;

-use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, RoomAliasId};
+use clap::Subcommand;
+use conduit::Result;
+use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, RoomAliasId, RoomId};

-use super::RoomAliasCommand;
-use crate::{escape_html, services, Result};
+use crate::{escape_html, Command};

-pub(super) async fn process(command: RoomAliasCommand, _body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let server_user = &services().globals.server_user;
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
+pub(crate) enum RoomAliasCommand {
+	/// - Make an alias point to a room.
+	Set {
+		#[arg(short, long)]
+		/// Set the alias even if a room is already using it
+		force: bool,
+
+		/// The room id to set the alias on
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+
+		/// The alias localpart to use (`alias`, not `#alias:servername.tld`)
+		room_alias_localpart: String,
+	},
+
+	/// - Remove a local alias
+	Remove {
+		/// The alias localpart to remove (`alias`, not `#alias:servername.tld`)
+		room_alias_localpart: String,
+	},
+
+	/// - Show which room is using an alias
+	Which {
+		/// The alias localpart to look up (`alias`, not
+		/// `#alias:servername.tld`)
+		room_alias_localpart: String,
+	},
+
+	/// - List aliases currently being used
+	List {
+		/// If set, only list the aliases for this room
+		room_id: Option<Box<RoomId>>,
+	},
+}
+
+pub(super) async fn process(command: RoomAliasCommand, context: &Command<'_>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let services = context.services;
+	let server_user = &services.globals.server_user;

 	match command {
 		RoomAliasCommand::Set {
@@ -19,7 +56,7 @@ pub(super) async fn process(command: RoomAliasCommand, _body: Vec<&str>) -> Resu
 		| RoomAliasCommand::Which {
 			ref room_alias_localpart,
 		} => {
-			let room_alias_str = format!("#{}:{}", room_alias_localpart, services().globals.server_name());
+			let room_alias_str = format!("#{}:{}", room_alias_localpart, services.globals.server_name());
 			let room_alias = match RoomAliasId::parse_box(room_alias_str) {
 				Ok(alias) => alias,
 				Err(err) => return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!("Failed to parse alias: {err}"))),
@@ -29,8 +66,8 @@ pub(super) async fn process(command: RoomAliasCommand, _body: Vec<&str>) -> Resu
 					force,
 					room_id,
 					..
-				} => match (force, services().rooms.alias.resolve_local_alias(&room_alias)) {
-					(true, Ok(Some(id))) => match services()
+				} => match (force, services.rooms.alias.resolve_local_alias(&room_alias)) {
+					(true, Ok(Some(id))) => match services
 						.rooms
 						.alias
 						.set_alias(&room_alias, &room_id, server_user)
@@ -43,7 +80,7 @@ pub(super) async fn process(command: RoomAliasCommand, _body: Vec<&str>) -> Resu
 					(false, Ok(Some(id))) => Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!(
 						"Refusing to overwrite in use alias for {id}, use -f or --force to overwrite"
 					))),
-					(_, Ok(None)) => match services()
+					(_, Ok(None)) => match services
 						.rooms
 						.alias
 						.set_alias(&room_alias, &room_id, server_user)
@@ -55,8 +92,8 @@ pub(super) async fn process(command: RoomAliasCommand, _body: Vec<&str>) -> Resu
 				},
 				RoomAliasCommand::Remove {
 					..
-				} => match services().rooms.alias.resolve_local_alias(&room_alias) {
-					Ok(Some(id)) => match services()
+				} => match services.rooms.alias.resolve_local_alias(&room_alias) {
+					Ok(Some(id)) => match services
 						.rooms
 						.alias
 						.remove_alias(&room_alias, server_user)
@@ -70,7 +107,7 @@ pub(super) async fn process(command: RoomAliasCommand, _body: Vec<&str>) -> Resu
 				},
 				RoomAliasCommand::Which {
 					..
-				} => match services().rooms.alias.resolve_local_alias(&room_alias) {
+				} => match services.rooms.alias.resolve_local_alias(&room_alias) {
 					Ok(Some(id)) => Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!("Alias resolves to {id}"))),
 					Ok(None) => Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain("Alias isn't in use.")),
 					Err(err) => Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!("Unable to lookup alias: {err}"))),
@@ -84,7 +121,7 @@ pub(super) async fn process(command: RoomAliasCommand, _body: Vec<&str>) -> Resu
 			room_id,
 		} => {
 			if let Some(room_id) = room_id {
-				let aliases = services()
+				let aliases = services
 					.rooms
 					.alias
 					.local_aliases_for_room(&room_id)
@@ -109,14 +146,14 @@ pub(super) async fn process(command: RoomAliasCommand, _body: Vec<&str>) -> Resu
 					Err(err) => Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!("Unable to list aliases: {err}"))),
 				}
 			} else {
-				let aliases = services()
+				let aliases = services
 					.rooms
 					.alias
 					.all_local_aliases()
 					.collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>();
 				match aliases {
 					Ok(aliases) => {
-						let server_name = services().globals.server_name();
+						let server_name = services.globals.server_name();
 						let plain_list = aliases
 							.iter()
 							.fold(String::new(), |mut output, (alias, id)| {
@@ -1,18 +1,51 @@
 use std::fmt::Write;

-use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, OwnedRoomId};
+use conduit::Result;
+use ruma::events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent;

-use crate::{escape_html, get_room_info, handler::PAGE_SIZE, services, Result};
+use crate::{admin_command, escape_html, get_room_info, PAGE_SIZE};

-pub(super) async fn list(_body: Vec<&str>, page: Option<usize>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn list_rooms(
+	&self, page: Option<usize>, exclude_disabled: bool, exclude_banned: bool,
+) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	// TODO: i know there's a way to do this with clap, but i can't seem to find it
 	let page = page.unwrap_or(1);
-	let mut rooms = services()
+	let mut rooms = self
+		.services
 		.rooms
 		.metadata
 		.iter_ids()
-		.filter_map(Result::ok)
-		.map(|id: OwnedRoomId| get_room_info(&id))
+		.filter_map(|room_id| {
+			room_id
+				.ok()
+				.filter(|room_id| {
+					if exclude_disabled
+						&& self
+							.services
+							.rooms
+							.metadata
+							.is_disabled(room_id)
+							.unwrap_or(false)
+					{
+						return false;
+					}
+
+					if exclude_banned
+						&& self
+							.services
+							.rooms
+							.metadata
+							.is_banned(room_id)
+							.unwrap_or(false)
+					{
+						return false;
+					}
+
+					true
+				})
+				.map(|room_id| get_room_info(self.services, &room_id))
+		})
 		.collect::<Vec<_>>();
 	rooms.sort_by_key(|r| r.1);
 	rooms.reverse();
@@ -1,21 +1,43 @@
 use std::fmt::Write;

-use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, OwnedRoomId};
+use clap::Subcommand;
+use conduit::Result;
+use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, OwnedRoomId, RoomId};

-use super::RoomDirectoryCommand;
-use crate::{escape_html, get_room_info, handler::PAGE_SIZE, services, Result};
+use crate::{escape_html, get_room_info, Command, PAGE_SIZE};

-pub(super) async fn process(command: RoomDirectoryCommand, _body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
+pub(crate) enum RoomDirectoryCommand {
+	/// - Publish a room to the room directory
+	Publish {
+		/// The room id of the room to publish
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+	},
+
+	/// - Unpublish a room to the room directory
+	Unpublish {
+		/// The room id of the room to unpublish
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+	},
+
+	/// - List rooms that are published
+	List {
+		page: Option<usize>,
+	},
+}
+
+pub(super) async fn process(command: RoomDirectoryCommand, context: &Command<'_>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let services = context.services;
 	match command {
 		RoomDirectoryCommand::Publish {
 			room_id,
-		} => match services().rooms.directory.set_public(&room_id) {
+		} => match services.rooms.directory.set_public(&room_id) {
 			Ok(()) => Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain("Room published")),
 			Err(err) => Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!("Unable to update room: {err}"))),
 		},
 		RoomDirectoryCommand::Unpublish {
 			room_id,
-		} => match services().rooms.directory.set_not_public(&room_id) {
+		} => match services.rooms.directory.set_not_public(&room_id) {
 			Ok(()) => Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain("Room unpublished")),
 			Err(err) => Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!("Unable to update room: {err}"))),
 		},
@@ -24,12 +46,12 @@ pub(super) async fn process(command: RoomDirectoryCommand, _body: Vec<&str>) ->
 		} => {
 			// TODO: i know there's a way to do this with clap, but i can't seem to find it
 			let page = page.unwrap_or(1);
-			let mut rooms = services()
+			let mut rooms = services
 				.rooms
 				.directory
 				.public_rooms()
 				.filter_map(Result::ok)
-				.map(|id: OwnedRoomId| get_room_info(&id))
+				.map(|id: OwnedRoomId| get_room_info(services, &id))
 				.collect::<Vec<_>>();
 			rooms.sort_by_key(|r| r.1);
 			rooms.reverse();
@@ -1,22 +1,30 @@
+use clap::Subcommand;
+use conduit::Result;
 use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, RoomId};
-use service::services;

-use super::RoomInfoCommand;
-use crate::Result;
+use crate::{admin_command, admin_command_dispatch};

-pub(super) async fn process(command: RoomInfoCommand, body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	match command {
-		RoomInfoCommand::ListJoinedMembers {
-			room_id,
-		} => list_joined_members(body, room_id).await,
-		RoomInfoCommand::ViewRoomTopic {
-			room_id,
-		} => view_room_topic(body, room_id).await,
-	}
+#[admin_command_dispatch]
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
+pub(crate) enum RoomInfoCommand {
+	/// - List joined members in a room
+	ListJoinedMembers {
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+	},
+
+	/// - Displays room topic
+	///
+	/// Room topics can be huge, so this is in its
+	/// own separate command
+	ViewRoomTopic {
+		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
+	},
 }

-async fn list_joined_members(_body: Vec<&str>, room_id: Box<RoomId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let room_name = services()
+#[admin_command]
+async fn list_joined_members(&self, room_id: Box<RoomId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let room_name = self
+		.services
 		.rooms
 		.state_accessor
 		.get_name(&room_id)
@@ -24,7 +32,8 @@ async fn list_joined_members(_body: Vec<&str>, room_id: Box<RoomId>) -> Result<R
 		.flatten()
 		.unwrap_or_else(|| room_id.to_string());

-	let members = services()
+	let members = self
+		.services
 		.rooms
 		.state_cache
 		.room_members(&room_id)
@@ -35,7 +44,7 @@ async fn list_joined_members(_body: Vec<&str>, room_id: Box<RoomId>) -> Result<R
 		.map(|user_id| {
 			(
 				user_id.clone(),
-				services()
+				self.services
 					.users
 					.displayname(&user_id)
 					.unwrap_or(None)
@@ -58,12 +67,18 @@ async fn list_joined_members(_body: Vec<&str>, room_id: Box<RoomId>) -> Result<R
 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(output_plain))
 }

-async fn view_room_topic(_body: Vec<&str>, room_id: Box<RoomId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let Some(room_topic) = services().rooms.state_accessor.get_room_topic(&room_id)? else {
+#[admin_command]
+async fn view_room_topic(&self, room_id: Box<RoomId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let Some(room_topic) = self
+		.services
+		.rooms
+		.state_accessor
+		.get_room_topic(&room_id)?
+	else {
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain("Room does not have a room topic set."));
 	};

 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
-		"Room topic:\n\n```{room_topic}\n```"
+		"Room topic:\n```\n{room_topic}\n```"
 	)))
 }
@@ -1,21 +1,32 @@
-mod room_alias_commands;
-mod room_commands;
-mod room_directory_commands;
-mod room_info_commands;
-mod room_moderation_commands;
+mod alias;
+mod commands;
+mod directory;
+mod info;
+mod moderation;

 use clap::Subcommand;
 use conduit::Result;
-use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, RoomId, RoomOrAliasId};

-use self::room_commands::list;
+use self::{
+	alias::RoomAliasCommand, directory::RoomDirectoryCommand, info::RoomInfoCommand, moderation::RoomModerationCommand,
+};
+use crate::admin_command_dispatch;

-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
+#[admin_command_dispatch]
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
 pub(super) enum RoomCommand {
 	/// - List all rooms the server knows about
-	List {
+	#[clap(alias = "list")]
+	ListRooms {
 		page: Option<usize>,
+
+		/// Excludes rooms that we have federation disabled with
+		#[arg(long)]
+		exclude_disabled: bool,
+
+		/// Excludes rooms that we have banned
+		#[arg(long)]
+		exclude_banned: bool,
 	},

 	#[command(subcommand)]
@@ -34,151 +45,3 @@ pub(super) enum RoomCommand {
 	/// - Manage the room directory
 	Directory(RoomDirectoryCommand),
 }
-
-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
-pub(super) enum RoomInfoCommand {
-	/// - List joined members in a room
-	ListJoinedMembers {
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-	},
-
-	/// - Displays room topic
-	///
-	/// Room topics can be huge, so this is in its
-	/// own separate command
-	ViewRoomTopic {
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-	},
-}
-
-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
-pub(super) enum RoomAliasCommand {
-	/// - Make an alias point to a room.
-	Set {
-		#[arg(short, long)]
-		/// Set the alias even if a room is already using it
-		force: bool,
-
-		/// The room id to set the alias on
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-
-		/// The alias localpart to use (`alias`, not `#alias:servername.tld`)
-		room_alias_localpart: String,
-	},
-
-	/// - Remove a local alias
-	Remove {
-		/// The alias localpart to remove (`alias`, not `#alias:servername.tld`)
-		room_alias_localpart: String,
-	},
-
-	/// - Show which room is using an alias
-	Which {
-		/// The alias localpart to look up (`alias`, not
-		/// `#alias:servername.tld`)
-		room_alias_localpart: String,
-	},
-
-	/// - List aliases currently being used
-	List {
-		/// If set, only list the aliases for this room
-		room_id: Option<Box<RoomId>>,
-	},
-}
-
-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
-pub(super) enum RoomDirectoryCommand {
-	/// - Publish a room to the room directory
-	Publish {
-		/// The room id of the room to publish
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-	},
-
-	/// - Unpublish a room to the room directory
-	Unpublish {
-		/// The room id of the room to unpublish
-		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-	},
-
-	/// - List rooms that are published
-	List {
-		page: Option<usize>,
-	},
-}
-
-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
-pub(super) enum RoomModerationCommand {
-	/// - Bans a room from local users joining and evicts all our local users
-	///   from the room. Also blocks any invites (local and remote) for the
-	///   banned room.
-	///
-	/// Server admins (users in the conduwuit admin room) will not be evicted
-	/// and server admins can still join the room. To evict admins too, use
-	/// --force (also ignores errors) To disable incoming federation of the
-	/// room, use --disable-federation
-	BanRoom {
-		#[arg(short, long)]
-		/// Evicts admins out of the room and ignores any potential errors when
-		/// making our local users leave the room
-		force: bool,
-
-		#[arg(long)]
-		/// Disables incoming federation of the room after banning and evicting
-		/// users
-		disable_federation: bool,
-
-		/// The room in the format of `!roomid:example.com` or a room alias in
-		/// the format of `#roomalias:example.com`
-		room: Box<RoomOrAliasId>,
-	},
-
-	/// - Bans a list of rooms (room IDs and room aliases) from a newline
-	///   delimited codeblock similar to `user deactivate-all`
-	BanListOfRooms {
-		#[arg(short, long)]
-		/// Evicts admins out of the room and ignores any potential errors when
-		/// making our local users leave the room
-		force: bool,
-
-		#[arg(long)]
-		/// Disables incoming federation of the room after banning and evicting
-		/// users
-		disable_federation: bool,
-	},
-
-	/// - Unbans a room to allow local users to join again
-	///
-	/// To re-enable incoming federation of the room, use --enable-federation
-	UnbanRoom {
-		#[arg(long)]
-		/// Enables incoming federation of the room after unbanning
-		enable_federation: bool,
-
-		/// The room in the format of `!roomid:example.com` or a room alias in
-		/// the format of `#roomalias:example.com`
-		room: Box<RoomOrAliasId>,
-	},
-
-	/// - List of all rooms we have banned
-	ListBannedRooms,
-}
-
-pub(super) async fn process(command: RoomCommand, body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	Ok(match command {
-		RoomCommand::Info(command) => room_info_commands::process(command, body).await?,
-
-		RoomCommand::Alias(command) => room_alias_commands::process(command, body).await?,
-
-		RoomCommand::Directory(command) => room_directory_commands::process(command, body).await?,
-
-		RoomCommand::Moderation(command) => room_moderation_commands::process(command, body).await?,
-
-		RoomCommand::List {
-			page,
-		} => list(body, page).await?,
-	})
-}
@@ -1,39 +1,77 @@
 use api::client::leave_room;
-use ruma::{
-	events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, OwnedRoomId, OwnedUserId, RoomAliasId, RoomId, RoomOrAliasId,
-};
-use tracing::{debug, error, info, warn};
+use clap::Subcommand;
+use conduit::{debug, error, info, warn, Result};
+use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, OwnedRoomId, RoomAliasId, RoomId, RoomOrAliasId};

-use super::{super::Service, RoomModerationCommand};
-use crate::{get_room_info, services, user_is_local, Result};
+use crate::{admin_command, admin_command_dispatch, get_room_info};

-pub(super) async fn process(command: RoomModerationCommand, body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	match command {
-		RoomModerationCommand::BanRoom {
-			force,
-			room,
-			disable_federation,
-		} => ban_room(body, force, room, disable_federation).await,
-		RoomModerationCommand::BanListOfRooms {
-			force,
-			disable_federation,
-		} => ban_list_of_rooms(body, force, disable_federation).await,
-		RoomModerationCommand::UnbanRoom {
-			room,
-			enable_federation,
-		} => unban_room(body, room, enable_federation).await,
-		RoomModerationCommand::ListBannedRooms => list_banned_rooms(body).await,
-	}
+#[admin_command_dispatch]
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
+pub(crate) enum RoomModerationCommand {
+	/// - Bans a room from local users joining and evicts all our local users
+	///   from the room. Also blocks any invites (local and remote) for the
+	///   banned room.
+	///
+	/// Server admins (users in the conduwuit admin room) will not be evicted
+	/// and server admins can still join the room. To evict admins too, use
+	/// --force (also ignores errors) To disable incoming federation of the
+	/// room, use --disable-federation
+	BanRoom {
+		#[arg(short, long)]
+		/// Evicts admins out of the room and ignores any potential errors when
+		/// making our local users leave the room
+		force: bool,
+
+		#[arg(long)]
+		/// Disables incoming federation of the room after banning and evicting
+		/// users
+		disable_federation: bool,
+
+		/// The room in the format of `!roomid:example.com` or a room alias in
+		/// the format of `#roomalias:example.com`
+		room: Box<RoomOrAliasId>,
+	},
+
+	/// - Bans a list of rooms (room IDs and room aliases) from a newline
+	///   delimited codeblock similar to `user deactivate-all`
+	BanListOfRooms {
+		#[arg(short, long)]
+		/// Evicts admins out of the room and ignores any potential errors when
+		/// making our local users leave the room
+		force: bool,
+
+		#[arg(long)]
+		/// Disables incoming federation of the room after banning and evicting
+		/// users
+		disable_federation: bool,
+	},
+
+	/// - Unbans a room to allow local users to join again
+	///
+	/// To re-enable incoming federation of the room, use --enable-federation
+	UnbanRoom {
+		#[arg(long)]
+		/// Enables incoming federation of the room after unbanning
+		enable_federation: bool,
+
+		/// The room in the format of `!roomid:example.com` or a room alias in
+		/// the format of `#roomalias:example.com`
+		room: Box<RoomOrAliasId>,
+	},
+
+	/// - List of all rooms we have banned
+	ListBannedRooms,
 }

+#[admin_command]
 async fn ban_room(
-	_body: Vec<&str>, force: bool, room: Box<RoomOrAliasId>, disable_federation: bool,
+	&self, force: bool, disable_federation: bool, room: Box<RoomOrAliasId>,
 ) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	debug!("Got room alias or ID: {}", room);

-	let admin_room_alias = &services().globals.admin_alias;
+	let admin_room_alias = &self.services.globals.admin_alias;

-	if let Some(admin_room_id) = Service::get_admin_room()? {
+	if let Some(admin_room_id) = self.services.admin.get_admin_room()? {
 		if room.to_string().eq(&admin_room_id) || room.to_string().eq(admin_room_alias) {
 			return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain("Not allowed to ban the admin room."));
 		}
@@ -52,7 +90,7 @@ async fn ban_room(

 		debug!("Room specified is a room ID, banning room ID");

-		services().rooms.metadata.ban_room(&room_id, true)?;
+		self.services.rooms.metadata.ban_room(&room_id, true)?;

 		room_id
 	} else if room.is_room_alias_id() {
@@ -71,12 +109,13 @@ async fn ban_room(
 			 get_alias_helper to fetch room ID remotely"
 		);

-		let room_id = if let Some(room_id) = services().rooms.alias.resolve_local_alias(&room_alias)? {
+		let room_id = if let Some(room_id) = self.services.rooms.alias.resolve_local_alias(&room_alias)? {
 			room_id
 		} else {
 			debug!("We don't have this room alias to a room ID locally, attempting to fetch room ID over federation");

-			match services()
+			match self
+				.services
 				.rooms
 				.alias
 				.resolve_alias(&room_alias, None)
@@ -94,7 +133,7 @@ async fn ban_room(
 			}
 		};

-		services().rooms.metadata.ban_room(&room_id, true)?;
+		self.services.rooms.metadata.ban_room(&room_id, true)?;

 		room_id
 	} else {
@@ -106,58 +145,56 @@ async fn ban_room(

 	debug!("Making all users leave the room {}", &room);
 	if force {
-		for local_user in services()
+		for local_user in self
+			.services
 			.rooms
 			.state_cache
 			.room_members(&room_id)
 			.filter_map(|user| {
 				user.ok().filter(|local_user| {
-					user_is_local(local_user)
+					self.services.globals.user_is_local(local_user)
 								// additional wrapped check here is to avoid adding remote users
 								// who are in the admin room to the list of local users (would
 								// fail auth check)
-								&& (user_is_local(local_user)
+								&& (self.services.globals.user_is_local(local_user)
 									// since this is a force operation, assume user is an admin
 									// if somehow this fails
-									&& services()
+									&& self.services
 										.users
 										.is_admin(local_user)
 										.unwrap_or(true))
 				})
-			})
-			.collect::<Vec<OwnedUserId>>()
-		{
+			}) {
 			debug!(
 				"Attempting leave for user {} in room {} (forced, ignoring all errors, evicting admins too)",
 				&local_user, &room_id
 			);

-			if let Err(e) = leave_room(&local_user, &room_id, None).await {
+			if let Err(e) = leave_room(self.services, &local_user, &room_id, None).await {
 				warn!(%e, "Failed to leave room");
 			}
 		}
 	} else {
-		for local_user in services()
+		for local_user in self
+			.services
 			.rooms
 			.state_cache
 			.room_members(&room_id)
 			.filter_map(|user| {
 				user.ok().filter(|local_user| {
-					local_user.server_name() == services().globals.server_name()
+					local_user.server_name() == self.services.globals.server_name()
 								// additional wrapped check here is to avoid adding remote users
 								// who are in the admin room to the list of local users (would fail auth check)
 								&& (local_user.server_name()
-									== services().globals.server_name()
-									&& !services()
+									== self.services.globals.server_name()
+									&& !self.services
 										.users
 										.is_admin(local_user)
 										.unwrap_or(false))
 				})
-			})
-			.collect::<Vec<OwnedUserId>>()
-		{
+			}) {
 			debug!("Attempting leave for user {} in room {}", &local_user, &room_id);
-			if let Err(e) = leave_room(&local_user, &room_id, None).await {
+			if let Err(e) = leave_room(self.services, &local_user, &room_id, None).await {
 				error!(
 					"Error attempting to make local user {} leave room {} during room banning: {}",
 					&local_user, &room_id, e
@@ -172,7 +209,7 @@ async fn ban_room(
 	}

 	if disable_federation {
-		services().rooms.metadata.disable_room(&room_id, true)?;
+		self.services.rooms.metadata.disable_room(&room_id, true)?;
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Room banned, removed all our local users, and disabled incoming federation with room.",
 		));
@@ -184,16 +221,22 @@ async fn ban_room(
 	))
 }

-async fn ban_list_of_rooms(body: Vec<&str>, force: bool, disable_federation: bool) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	if body.len() < 2 || !body[0].trim().starts_with("```") || body.last().unwrap_or(&"").trim() != "```" {
+#[admin_command]
+async fn ban_list_of_rooms(&self, force: bool, disable_federation: bool) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	if self.body.len() < 2 || !self.body[0].trim().starts_with("```") || self.body.last().unwrap_or(&"").trim() != "```"
+	{
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Expected code block in command body. Add --help for details.",
 		));
 	}

-	let rooms_s = body.clone().drain(1..body.len() - 1).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+	let rooms_s = self
+		.body
+		.to_vec()
+		.drain(1..self.body.len().saturating_sub(1))
+		.collect::<Vec<_>>();

-	let admin_room_alias = &services().globals.admin_alias;
+	let admin_room_alias = &self.services.globals.admin_alias;

 	let mut room_ban_count: usize = 0;
 	let mut room_ids: Vec<OwnedRoomId> = Vec::new();
@@ -201,7 +244,7 @@ async fn ban_list_of_rooms(body: Vec<&str>, force: bool, disable_federation: boo
 	for &room in &rooms_s {
 		match <&RoomOrAliasId>::try_from(room) {
 			Ok(room_alias_or_id) => {
-				if let Some(admin_room_id) = Service::get_admin_room()? {
+				if let Some(admin_room_id) = self.services.admin.get_admin_room()? {
 					if room.to_owned().eq(&admin_room_id) || room.to_owned().eq(admin_room_alias) {
 						info!("User specified admin room in bulk ban list, ignoring");
 						continue;
@@ -234,7 +277,7 @@ async fn ban_list_of_rooms(body: Vec<&str>, force: bool, disable_federation: boo
 					match RoomAliasId::parse(room_alias_or_id) {
 						Ok(room_alias) => {
 							let room_id =
-								if let Some(room_id) = services().rooms.alias.resolve_local_alias(&room_alias)? {
+								if let Some(room_id) = self.services.rooms.alias.resolve_local_alias(&room_alias)? {
 									room_id
 								} else {
 									debug!(
@@ -242,7 +285,8 @@ async fn ban_list_of_rooms(body: Vec<&str>, force: bool, disable_federation: boo
 										 ID over federation"
 									);

-									match services()
+									match self
+										.services
 										.rooms
 										.alias
 										.resolve_alias(&room_alias, None)
@@ -306,66 +350,70 @@ async fn ban_list_of_rooms(body: Vec<&str>, force: bool, disable_federation: boo
 	}

 	for room_id in room_ids {
-		if services().rooms.metadata.ban_room(&room_id, true).is_ok() {
+		if self
+			.services
+			.rooms
+			.metadata
+			.ban_room(&room_id, true)
+			.is_ok()
+		{
 			debug!("Banned {room_id} successfully");
 			room_ban_count = room_ban_count.saturating_add(1);
 		}

 		debug!("Making all users leave the room {}", &room_id);
 		if force {
-			for local_user in services()
+			for local_user in self
+				.services
 				.rooms
 				.state_cache
 				.room_members(&room_id)
 				.filter_map(|user| {
 					user.ok().filter(|local_user| {
-						local_user.server_name() == services().globals.server_name()
+						local_user.server_name() == self.services.globals.server_name()
 										// additional wrapped check here is to avoid adding remote
 										// users who are in the admin room to the list of local
 										// users (would fail auth check)
 										&& (local_user.server_name()
-											== services().globals.server_name()
+											== self.services.globals.server_name()
 											// since this is a force operation, assume user is an
 											// admin if somehow this fails
-											&& services()
+											&& self.services
 												.users
 												.is_admin(local_user)
 												.unwrap_or(true))
 					})
-				})
-				.collect::<Vec<OwnedUserId>>()
-			{
+				}) {
 				debug!(
 					"Attempting leave for user {} in room {} (forced, ignoring all errors, evicting admins too)",
 					&local_user, room_id
 				);
-				if let Err(e) = leave_room(&local_user, &room_id, None).await {
+				if let Err(e) = leave_room(self.services, &local_user, &room_id, None).await {
 					warn!(%e, "Failed to leave room");
 				}
 			}
 		} else {
-			for local_user in services()
+			for local_user in self
+				.services
 				.rooms
 				.state_cache
 				.room_members(&room_id)
 				.filter_map(|user| {
 					user.ok().filter(|local_user| {
-						local_user.server_name() == services().globals.server_name()
+						local_user.server_name() == self.services.globals.server_name()
 										// additional wrapped check here is to avoid adding remote
 										// users who are in the admin room to the list of local
 										// users (would fail auth check)
 										&& (local_user.server_name()
-											== services().globals.server_name()
-											&& !services()
+											== self.services.globals.server_name()
+											&& !self.services
 												.users
 												.is_admin(local_user)
 												.unwrap_or(false))
 					})
-				})
-				.collect::<Vec<OwnedUserId>>()
-			{
+				}) {
 				debug!("Attempting leave for user {} in room {}", &local_user, &room_id);
-				if let Err(e) = leave_room(&local_user, &room_id, None).await {
+				if let Err(e) = leave_room(self.services, &local_user, &room_id, None).await {
 					error!(
 						"Error attempting to make local user {} leave room {} during bulk room banning: {}",
 						&local_user, &room_id, e
@@ -381,7 +429,7 @@ async fn ban_list_of_rooms(body: Vec<&str>, force: bool, disable_federation: boo
 		}

 		if disable_federation {
-			services().rooms.metadata.disable_room(&room_id, true)?;
+			self.services.rooms.metadata.disable_room(&room_id, true)?;
 		}
 	}

@@ -397,9 +445,8 @@ async fn ban_list_of_rooms(body: Vec<&str>, force: bool, disable_federation: boo
 	}
 }

-async fn unban_room(
-	_body: Vec<&str>, room: Box<RoomOrAliasId>, enable_federation: bool,
-) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+#[admin_command]
+async fn unban_room(&self, enable_federation: bool, room: Box<RoomOrAliasId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	let room_id = if room.is_room_id() {
 		let room_id = match RoomId::parse(&room) {
 			Ok(room_id) => room_id,
@@ -413,7 +460,7 @@ async fn unban_room(

 		debug!("Room specified is a room ID, unbanning room ID");

-		services().rooms.metadata.ban_room(&room_id, false)?;
+		self.services.rooms.metadata.ban_room(&room_id, false)?;

 		room_id
 	} else if room.is_room_alias_id() {
@@ -432,12 +479,13 @@ async fn unban_room(
 			 get_alias_helper to fetch room ID remotely"
 		);

-		let room_id = if let Some(room_id) = services().rooms.alias.resolve_local_alias(&room_alias)? {
+		let room_id = if let Some(room_id) = self.services.rooms.alias.resolve_local_alias(&room_alias)? {
 			room_id
 		} else {
 			debug!("We don't have this room alias to a room ID locally, attempting to fetch room ID over federation");

-			match services()
+			match self
+				.services
 				.rooms
 				.alias
 				.resolve_alias(&room_alias, None)
@@ -455,7 +503,7 @@ async fn unban_room(
 			}
 		};

-		services().rooms.metadata.ban_room(&room_id, false)?;
+		self.services.rooms.metadata.ban_room(&room_id, false)?;

 		room_id
 	} else {
@@ -466,7 +514,7 @@ async fn unban_room(
 	};

 	if enable_federation {
-		services().rooms.metadata.disable_room(&room_id, false)?;
+		self.services.rooms.metadata.disable_room(&room_id, false)?;
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain("Room unbanned."));
 	}

@@ -476,8 +524,10 @@ async fn unban_room(
 	))
 }

-async fn list_banned_rooms(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let rooms = services()
+#[admin_command]
+async fn list_banned_rooms(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let rooms = self
+		.services
 		.rooms
 		.metadata
 		.list_banned_rooms()
@@ -491,7 +541,7 @@ async fn list_banned_rooms(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent>

 			let mut rooms = room_ids
 				.into_iter()
-				.map(|room_id| get_room_info(&room_id))
+				.map(|room_id| get_room_info(self.services, &room_id))
 				.collect::<Vec<_>>();
 			rooms.sort_by_key(|r| r.1);
 			rooms.reverse();
@@ -1,54 +1,92 @@
-use conduit::{warn, Error, Result};
+use std::{fmt::Write, sync::Arc};
+
+use conduit::{info, utils::time, warn, Err, Result};
 use ruma::events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent;

-use crate::services;
+use crate::admin_command;

-pub(super) async fn uptime(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let seconds = services()
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn uptime(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let elapsed = self
+		.services
 		.server
 		.started
 		.elapsed()
-		.expect("standard duration")
-		.as_secs();
-	let result = format!(
-		"up {} days, {} hours, {} minutes, {} seconds.",
-		seconds / 86400,
-		(seconds % 86400) / 60 / 60,
-		(seconds % 3600) / 60,
-		seconds % 60,
-	);
+		.expect("standard duration");

-	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_plain(result))
+	let result = time::pretty(elapsed);
+	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_plain(format!("{result}.")))
 }

-pub(super) async fn show_config(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn show_config(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	// Construct and send the response
-	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!("{}", services().globals.config)))
+	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!("{}", self.services.globals.config)))
 }

-pub(super) async fn memory_usage(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let response0 = services().memory_usage().await?;
-	let response1 = services().db.db.memory_usage()?;
-	let response2 = conduit::alloc::memory_usage();
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn list_features(
+	&self, available: bool, enabled: bool, comma: bool,
+) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let delim = if comma {
+		","
+	} else {
+		" "
+	};
+	if enabled && !available {
+		let features = info::rustc::features().join(delim);
+		let out = format!("`\n{features}\n`");
+		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_markdown(out));
+	}
+
+	if available && !enabled {
+		let features = info::cargo::features().join(delim);
+		let out = format!("`\n{features}\n`");
+		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_markdown(out));
+	}
+
+	let mut features = String::new();
+	let enabled = info::rustc::features();
+	let available = info::cargo::features();
+	for feature in available {
+		let active = enabled.contains(&feature.as_str());
+		let emoji = if active {
+			"✅"
+		} else {
+			"❌"
+		};
+		let remark = if active {
+			"[enabled]"
+		} else {
+			""
+		};
+		writeln!(features, "{emoji} {feature} {remark}")?;
+	}
+
+	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_markdown(features))
+}
+
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn memory_usage(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let services_usage = self.services.memory_usage().await?;
+	let database_usage = self.services.db.db.memory_usage()?;
+	let allocator_usage = conduit::alloc::memory_usage().map_or(String::new(), |s| format!("\nAllocator:\n{s}"));

 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!(
-		"Services:\n{response0}\nDatabase:\n{response1}\n{}",
-		if !response2.is_empty() {
-			format!("Allocator:\n {response2}")
-		} else {
-			String::new()
-		}
+		"Services:\n{services_usage}\nDatabase:\n{database_usage}{allocator_usage}",
 	)))
 }

-pub(super) async fn clear_caches(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	services().clear_cache().await;
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn clear_caches(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	self.services.clear_cache().await;

 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain("Done."))
 }

-pub(super) async fn list_backups(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let result = services().globals.db.backup_list()?;
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn list_backups(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let result = self.services.globals.db.backup_list()?;

 	if result.is_empty() {
 		Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain("No backups found."))
@@ -57,64 +95,69 @@ pub(super) async fn list_backups(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventCon
 	}
 }

-pub(super) async fn backup_database(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let mut result = services()
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn backup_database(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let globals = Arc::clone(&self.services.globals);
+	let mut result = self
+		.services
 		.server
 		.runtime()
-		.spawn_blocking(move || match services().globals.db.backup() {
+		.spawn_blocking(move || match globals.db.backup() {
 			Ok(()) => String::new(),
 			Err(e) => (*e).to_string(),
 		})
-		.await
-		.unwrap();
+		.await?;

 	if result.is_empty() {
-		result = services().globals.db.backup_list()?;
+		result = self.services.globals.db.backup_list()?;
 	}

-	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(&result))
-}
-
-pub(super) async fn list_database_files(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let result = services().globals.db.file_list()?;
-
 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(result))
 }

-pub(super) async fn admin_notice(_body: Vec<&str>, message: Vec<String>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn list_database_files(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let result = self.services.globals.db.file_list()?;
+
+	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(result))
+}
+
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn admin_notice(&self, message: Vec<String>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	let message = message.join(" ");
-	services().admin.send_text(&message).await;
+	self.services.admin.send_text(&message).await;

 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_plain("Notice was sent to #admins"))
 }

-#[cfg(conduit_mods)]
-pub(super) async fn reload(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	services().server.reload()?;
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn reload_mods(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	self.services.server.reload()?;

 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_plain("Reloading server..."))
 }

+#[admin_command]
 #[cfg(unix)]
-pub(super) async fn restart(_body: Vec<&str>, force: bool) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+pub(super) async fn restart(&self, force: bool) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	use conduit::utils::sys::current_exe_deleted;

 	if !force && current_exe_deleted() {
-		return Err(Error::Err(
-			"The server cannot be restarted because the executable was tampered with. If this is expected use --force \
-			 to override."
-				.to_owned(),
-		));
+		return Err!(
+			"The server cannot be restarted because the executable changed. If this is expected use --force to \
+			 override."
+		);
 	}

-	services().server.restart()?;
+	self.services.server.restart()?;

 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_plain("Restarting server..."))
 }

-pub(super) async fn shutdown(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn shutdown(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	warn!("shutdown command");
-	services().server.shutdown()?;
+	self.services.server.shutdown()?;

 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_plain("Shutting down server..."))
 }
@@ -2,12 +2,11 @@ mod commands;

 use clap::Subcommand;
 use conduit::Result;
-use ruma::events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent;

-use self::commands::*;
+use crate::admin_command_dispatch;

-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
+#[admin_command_dispatch]
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
 pub(super) enum ServerCommand {
 	/// - Time elapsed since startup
 	Uptime,
@@ -15,6 +14,18 @@ pub(super) enum ServerCommand {
 	/// - Show configuration values
 	ShowConfig,

+	/// - List the features built into the server
+	ListFeatures {
+		#[arg(short, long)]
+		available: bool,
+
+		#[arg(short, long)]
+		enabled: bool,
+
+		#[arg(short, long)]
+		comma: bool,
+	},
+
 	/// - Print database memory usage statistics
 	MemoryUsage,

@@ -36,9 +47,9 @@ pub(super) enum ServerCommand {
 		message: Vec<String>,
 	},

-	#[cfg(conduit_mods)]
 	/// - Hot-reload the server
-	Reload,
+	#[clap(alias = "reload")]
+	ReloadMods,

 	#[cfg(unix)]
 	/// - Restart the server
@@ -50,25 +61,3 @@ pub(super) enum ServerCommand {
 	/// - Shutdown the server
 	Shutdown,
 }
-
-pub(super) async fn process(command: ServerCommand, body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	Ok(match command {
-		ServerCommand::Uptime => uptime(body).await?,
-		ServerCommand::ShowConfig => show_config(body).await?,
-		ServerCommand::MemoryUsage => memory_usage(body).await?,
-		ServerCommand::ClearCaches => clear_caches(body).await?,
-		ServerCommand::ListBackups => list_backups(body).await?,
-		ServerCommand::BackupDatabase => backup_database(body).await?,
-		ServerCommand::ListDatabaseFiles => list_database_files(body).await?,
-		ServerCommand::AdminNotice {
-			message,
-		} => admin_notice(body, message).await?,
-		#[cfg(conduit_mods)]
-		ServerCommand::Reload => reload(body).await?,
-		#[cfg(unix)]
-		ServerCommand::Restart {
-			force,
-		} => restart(body, force).await?,
-		ServerCommand::Shutdown => shutdown(body).await?,
-	})
-}
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#![cfg(test)]
+
+#[test]
+fn get_help_short() { get_help_inner("-h"); }
+
+#[test]
+fn get_help_long() { get_help_inner("--help"); }
+
+#[test]
+fn get_help_subcommand() { get_help_inner("help"); }
+
+fn get_help_inner(input: &str) {
+	use clap::Parser;
+
+	use crate::admin::AdminCommand;
+
+	let Err(error) = AdminCommand::try_parse_from(["argv[0] doesn't matter", input]) else {
+		panic!("no error!");
+	};
+
+	let error = error.to_string();
+	// Search for a handful of keywords that suggest the help printed properly
+	assert!(error.contains("Usage:"));
+	assert!(error.contains("Commands:"));
+	assert!(error.contains("Options:"));
+}
@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
 use std::{collections::BTreeMap, fmt::Write as _};

 use api::client::{join_room_by_id_helper, leave_all_rooms, update_avatar_url, update_displayname};
-use conduit::{utils, Result};
+use conduit::{error, info, utils, warn, Result};
 use ruma::{
 	events::{
 		room::message::RoomMessageEventContent,
 		tag::{TagEvent, TagEventContent, TagInfo},
 		RoomAccountDataEventType,
 	},
-	OwnedRoomId, OwnedUserId, RoomId,
+	OwnedRoomId, OwnedRoomOrAliasId, OwnedUserId, RoomId,
 };
-use tracing::{error, info, warn};

 use crate::{
-	escape_html, get_room_info, services,
+	admin_command, escape_html, get_room_info,
 	utils::{parse_active_local_user_id, parse_local_user_id},
 };

 const AUTO_GEN_PASSWORD_LENGTH: usize = 25;

-pub(super) async fn list(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	match services().users.list_local_users() {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn list_users(&self) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	match self.services.users.list_local_users() {
 		Ok(users) => {
 			let mut plain_msg = format!("Found {} local user account(s):\n```\n", users.len());
-			plain_msg += &users.join("\n");
+			plain_msg += users.join("\n").as_str();
 			plain_msg += "\n```";

 			Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(plain_msg))
@@ -32,43 +32,51 @@ pub(super) async fn list(_body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	}
 }

-pub(super) async fn create(
-	_body: Vec<&str>, username: String, password: Option<String>,
-) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn create_user(&self, username: String, password: Option<String>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	// Validate user id
-	let user_id = parse_local_user_id(&username)?;
+	let user_id = parse_local_user_id(self.services, &username)?;

-	if services().users.exists(&user_id)? {
+	if self.services.users.exists(&user_id)? {
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!("Userid {user_id} already exists")));
 	}

+	if user_id.is_historical() {
+		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!(
+			"User ID {user_id} does not conform to new Matrix identifier spec"
+		)));
+	}
+
 	let password = password.unwrap_or_else(|| utils::random_string(AUTO_GEN_PASSWORD_LENGTH));

 	// Create user
-	services().users.create(&user_id, Some(password.as_str()))?;
+	self.services
+		.users
+		.create(&user_id, Some(password.as_str()))?;

 	// Default to pretty displayname
 	let mut displayname = user_id.localpart().to_owned();

 	// If `new_user_displayname_suffix` is set, registration will push whatever
 	// content is set to the user's display name with a space before it
-	if !services()
+	if !self
+		.services
 		.globals
 		.config
 		.new_user_displayname_suffix
 		.is_empty()
 	{
-		write!(displayname, " {}", services().globals.config.new_user_displayname_suffix)
+		write!(displayname, " {}", self.services.globals.config.new_user_displayname_suffix)
 			.expect("should be able to write to string buffer");
 	}

-	services()
+	self.services
 		.users
 		.set_displayname(&user_id, Some(displayname))
 		.await?;

 	// Initial account data
-	services().account_data.update(
+	self.services.account_data.update(
 		None,
 		&user_id,
 		ruma::events::GlobalAccountDataEventType::PushRules
@@ -82,12 +90,13 @@ pub(super) async fn create(
 		.expect("to json value always works"),
 	)?;

-	if !services().globals.config.auto_join_rooms.is_empty() {
-		for room in &services().globals.config.auto_join_rooms {
-			if !services()
+	if !self.services.globals.config.auto_join_rooms.is_empty() {
+		for room in &self.services.globals.config.auto_join_rooms {
+			if !self
+				.services
 				.rooms
 				.state_cache
-				.server_in_room(services().globals.server_name(), room)?
+				.server_in_room(self.services.globals.server_name(), room)?
 			{
 				warn!("Skipping room {room} to automatically join as we have never joined before.");
 				continue;
@@ -95,10 +104,11 @@ pub(super) async fn create(

 			if let Some(room_id_server_name) = room.server_name() {
 				match join_room_by_id_helper(
-					Some(&user_id),
+					self.services,
+					&user_id,
 					room,
 					Some("Automatically joining this room upon registration".to_owned()),
-					&[room_id_server_name.to_owned(), services().globals.server_name().to_owned()],
+					&[room_id_server_name.to_owned(), self.services.globals.server_name().to_owned()],
 					None,
 				)
 				.await
@@ -123,38 +133,38 @@ pub(super) async fn create(
 	)))
 }

-pub(super) async fn deactivate(
-	_body: Vec<&str>, no_leave_rooms: bool, user_id: String,
-) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn deactivate(&self, no_leave_rooms: bool, user_id: String) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	// Validate user id
-	let user_id = parse_local_user_id(&user_id)?;
+	let user_id = parse_local_user_id(self.services, &user_id)?;

 	// don't deactivate the server service account
-	if user_id == services().globals.server_user {
+	if user_id == self.services.globals.server_user {
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Not allowed to deactivate the server service account.",
 		));
 	}

-	services().users.deactivate_account(&user_id)?;
+	self.services.users.deactivate_account(&user_id)?;

 	if !no_leave_rooms {
-		services()
+		self.services
 			.admin
 			.send_message(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!(
 				"Making {user_id} leave all rooms after deactivation..."
 			)))
 			.await;

-		let all_joined_rooms: Vec<OwnedRoomId> = services()
+		let all_joined_rooms: Vec<OwnedRoomId> = self
+			.services
 			.rooms
 			.state_cache
 			.rooms_joined(&user_id)
 			.filter_map(Result::ok)
 			.collect();
-		update_displayname(user_id.clone(), None, all_joined_rooms.clone()).await?;
-		update_avatar_url(user_id.clone(), None, None, all_joined_rooms).await?;
-		leave_all_rooms(&user_id).await;
+		update_displayname(self.services, user_id.clone(), None, all_joined_rooms.clone()).await?;
+		update_avatar_url(self.services, user_id.clone(), None, None, all_joined_rooms).await?;
+		leave_all_rooms(self.services, &user_id).await;
 	}

 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!(
@@ -162,10 +172,11 @@ pub(super) async fn deactivate(
 	)))
 }

-pub(super) async fn reset_password(_body: Vec<&str>, username: String) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let user_id = parse_local_user_id(&username)?;
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn reset_password(&self, username: String) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let user_id = parse_local_user_id(self.services, &username)?;

-	if user_id == services().globals.server_user {
+	if user_id == self.services.globals.server_user {
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Not allowed to set the password for the server account. Please use the emergency password config option.",
 		));
@@ -173,7 +184,8 @@ pub(super) async fn reset_password(_body: Vec<&str>, username: String) -> Result

 	let new_password = utils::random_string(AUTO_GEN_PASSWORD_LENGTH);

-	match services()
+	match self
+		.services
 		.users
 		.set_password(&user_id, Some(new_password.as_str()))
 	{
@@ -186,25 +198,29 @@ pub(super) async fn reset_password(_body: Vec<&str>, username: String) -> Result
 	}
 }

-pub(super) async fn deactivate_all(
-	body: Vec<&str>, no_leave_rooms: bool, force: bool,
-) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	if body.len() < 2 || !body[0].trim().starts_with("```") || body.last().unwrap_or(&"").trim() != "```" {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn deactivate_all(&self, no_leave_rooms: bool, force: bool) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	if self.body.len() < 2 || !self.body[0].trim().starts_with("```") || self.body.last().unwrap_or(&"").trim() != "```"
+	{
 		return Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(
 			"Expected code block in command body. Add --help for details.",
 		));
 	}

-	let usernames = body.clone().drain(1..body.len() - 1).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+	let usernames = self
+		.body
+		.to_vec()
+		.drain(1..self.body.len().saturating_sub(1))
+		.collect::<Vec<_>>();

 	let mut user_ids: Vec<OwnedUserId> = Vec::with_capacity(usernames.len());
 	let mut admins = Vec::new();

 	for username in usernames {
-		match parse_active_local_user_id(username) {
+		match parse_active_local_user_id(self.services, username) {
 			Ok(user_id) => {
-				if services().users.is_admin(&user_id)? && !force {
-					services()
+				if self.services.users.is_admin(&user_id)? && !force {
+					self.services
 						.admin
 						.send_message(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!(
 							"{username} is an admin and --force is not set, skipping over"
@@ -215,8 +231,8 @@ pub(super) async fn deactivate_all(
 				}

 				// don't deactivate the server service account
-				if user_id == services().globals.server_user {
-					services()
+				if user_id == self.services.globals.server_user {
+					self.services
 						.admin
 						.send_message(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!(
 							"{username} is the server service account, skipping over"
@@ -228,7 +244,7 @@ pub(super) async fn deactivate_all(
 				user_ids.push(user_id);
 			},
 			Err(e) => {
-				services()
+				self.services
 					.admin
 					.send_message(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!(
 						"{username} is not a valid username, skipping over: {e}"
@@ -242,24 +258,25 @@ pub(super) async fn deactivate_all(
 	let mut deactivation_count: usize = 0;

 	for user_id in user_ids {
-		match services().users.deactivate_account(&user_id) {
+		match self.services.users.deactivate_account(&user_id) {
 			Ok(()) => {
 				deactivation_count = deactivation_count.saturating_add(1);
 				if !no_leave_rooms {
 					info!("Forcing user {user_id} to leave all rooms apart of deactivate-all");
-					let all_joined_rooms: Vec<OwnedRoomId> = services()
+					let all_joined_rooms: Vec<OwnedRoomId> = self
+						.services
 						.rooms
 						.state_cache
 						.rooms_joined(&user_id)
 						.filter_map(Result::ok)
 						.collect();
-					update_displayname(user_id.clone(), None, all_joined_rooms.clone()).await?;
-					update_avatar_url(user_id.clone(), None, None, all_joined_rooms).await?;
-					leave_all_rooms(&user_id).await;
+					update_displayname(self.services, user_id.clone(), None, all_joined_rooms.clone()).await?;
+					update_avatar_url(self.services, user_id.clone(), None, None, all_joined_rooms).await?;
+					leave_all_rooms(self.services, &user_id).await;
 				}
 			},
 			Err(e) => {
-				services()
+				self.services
 					.admin
 					.send_message(RoomMessageEventContent::text_plain(format!("Failed deactivating user: {e}")))
 					.await;
@@ -280,16 +297,18 @@ pub(super) async fn deactivate_all(
 	}
 }

-pub(super) async fn list_joined_rooms(_body: Vec<&str>, user_id: String) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn list_joined_rooms(&self, user_id: String) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
 	// Validate user id
-	let user_id = parse_local_user_id(&user_id)?;
+	let user_id = parse_local_user_id(self.services, &user_id)?;

-	let mut rooms: Vec<(OwnedRoomId, u64, String)> = services()
+	let mut rooms: Vec<(OwnedRoomId, u64, String)> = self
+		.services
 		.rooms
 		.state_cache
 		.rooms_joined(&user_id)
 		.filter_map(Result::ok)
-		.map(|room_id| get_room_info(&room_id))
+		.map(|room_id| get_room_info(self.services, &room_id))
 		.collect();

 	if rooms.is_empty() {
@@ -331,12 +350,55 @@ pub(super) async fn list_joined_rooms(_body: Vec<&str>, user_id: String) -> Resu
 	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::text_html(output_plain, output_html))
 }

-pub(super) async fn put_room_tag(
-	_body: Vec<&str>, user_id: String, room_id: Box<RoomId>, tag: String,
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn force_join_room(
+	&self, user_id: String, room_id: OwnedRoomOrAliasId,
 ) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let user_id = parse_active_local_user_id(&user_id)?;
+	let user_id = parse_local_user_id(self.services, &user_id)?;
+	let room_id = self.services.rooms.alias.resolve(&room_id).await?;

-	let event = services()
+	assert!(
+		self.services.globals.user_is_local(&user_id),
+		"Parsed user_id must be a local user"
+	);
+	join_room_by_id_helper(self.services, &user_id, &room_id, None, &[], None).await?;
+
+	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
+		"{user_id} has been joined to {room_id}.",
+	)))
+}
+
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn make_user_admin(&self, user_id: String) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let user_id = parse_local_user_id(self.services, &user_id)?;
+	let displayname = self
+		.services
+		.users
+		.displayname(&user_id)?
+		.unwrap_or_else(|| user_id.to_string());
+
+	assert!(
+		self.services.globals.user_is_local(&user_id),
+		"Parsed user_id must be a local user"
+	);
+	self.services
+		.admin
+		.make_user_admin(&user_id, displayname)
+		.await?;
+
+	Ok(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_markdown(format!(
+		"{user_id} has been granted admin privileges.",
+	)))
+}
+
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn put_room_tag(
+	&self, user_id: String, room_id: Box<RoomId>, tag: String,
+) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let user_id = parse_active_local_user_id(self.services, &user_id)?;
+
+	let event = self
+		.services
 		.account_data
 		.get(Some(&room_id), &user_id, RoomAccountDataEventType::Tag)?;

@@ -354,7 +416,7 @@ pub(super) async fn put_room_tag(
 		.tags
 		.insert(tag.clone().into(), TagInfo::new());

-	services().account_data.update(
+	self.services.account_data.update(
 		Some(&room_id),
 		&user_id,
 		RoomAccountDataEventType::Tag,
@@ -366,12 +428,14 @@ pub(super) async fn put_room_tag(
 	)))
 }

+#[admin_command]
 pub(super) async fn delete_room_tag(
-	_body: Vec<&str>, user_id: String, room_id: Box<RoomId>, tag: String,
+	&self, user_id: String, room_id: Box<RoomId>, tag: String,
 ) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let user_id = parse_active_local_user_id(&user_id)?;
+	let user_id = parse_active_local_user_id(self.services, &user_id)?;

-	let event = services()
+	let event = self
+		.services
 		.account_data
 		.get(Some(&room_id), &user_id, RoomAccountDataEventType::Tag)?;

@@ -386,7 +450,7 @@ pub(super) async fn delete_room_tag(

 	tags_event.content.tags.remove(&tag.clone().into());

-	services().account_data.update(
+	self.services.account_data.update(
 		Some(&room_id),
 		&user_id,
 		RoomAccountDataEventType::Tag,
@@ -398,12 +462,12 @@ pub(super) async fn delete_room_tag(
 	)))
 }

-pub(super) async fn get_room_tags(
-	_body: Vec<&str>, user_id: String, room_id: Box<RoomId>,
-) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	let user_id = parse_active_local_user_id(&user_id)?;
+#[admin_command]
+pub(super) async fn get_room_tags(&self, user_id: String, room_id: Box<RoomId>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
+	let user_id = parse_active_local_user_id(self.services, &user_id)?;

-	let event = services()
+	let event = self
+		.services
 		.account_data
 		.get(Some(&room_id), &user_id, RoomAccountDataEventType::Tag)?;

@@ -2,15 +2,16 @@ mod commands;

 use clap::Subcommand;
 use conduit::Result;
-use ruma::{events::room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, RoomId};
+use ruma::{OwnedRoomOrAliasId, RoomId};

-use self::commands::*;
+use crate::admin_command_dispatch;

-#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Debug))]
-#[derive(Subcommand)]
+#[admin_command_dispatch]
+#[derive(Debug, Subcommand)]
 pub(super) enum UserCommand {
 	/// - Create a new user
-	Create {
+	#[clap(alias = "create")]
+	CreateUser {
 		/// Username of the new user
 		username: String,
 		/// Password of the new user, if unspecified one is generated
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ pub(super) enum UserCommand {
 	/// Markdown code block below the command.
 	DeactivateAll {
 		#[arg(short, long)]
-		/// Remove users from their joined rooms
+		/// Does not leave any rooms the user is in on deactivation
 		no_leave_rooms: bool,
 		#[arg(short, long)]
 		/// Also deactivate admin accounts and will assume leave all rooms too
@@ -57,7 +58,8 @@ pub(super) enum UserCommand {
 	},

 	/// - List local users in the database
-	List,
+	#[clap(alias = "list")]
+	ListUsers,

 	/// - Lists all the rooms (local and remote) that the specified user is
 	///   joined in
@@ -65,6 +67,17 @@ pub(super) enum UserCommand {
 		user_id: String,
 	},

+	/// - Manually join a local user to a room.
+	ForceJoinRoom {
+		user_id: String,
+		room_id: OwnedRoomOrAliasId,
+	},
+
+	/// - Grant server-admin privileges to a user.
+	MakeUserAdmin {
+		user_id: String,
+	},
+
 	/// - Puts a room tag for the specified user and room ID.
 	///
 	/// This is primarily useful if you'd like to set your admin room
@@ -91,41 +104,3 @@ pub(super) enum UserCommand {
 		room_id: Box<RoomId>,
 	},
 }
-
-pub(super) async fn process(command: UserCommand, body: Vec<&str>) -> Result<RoomMessageEventContent> {
-	Ok(match command {
-		UserCommand::List => list(body).await?,
-		UserCommand::Create {
-			username,
-			password,
-		} => create(body, username, password).await?,
-		UserCommand::Deactivate {
-			no_leave_rooms,
-			user_id,
-		} => deactivate(body, no_leave_rooms, user_id).await?,
-		UserCommand::ResetPassword {
-			username,
-		} => reset_password(body, username).await?,
-		UserCommand::DeactivateAll {
-			no_leave_rooms,
-			force,
-		} => deactivate_all(body, no_leave_rooms, force).await?,
-		UserCommand::ListJoinedRooms {
-			user_id,
-		} => list_joined_rooms(body, user_id).await?,
-		UserCommand::PutRoomTag {
-			user_id,
-			room_id,
-			tag,
-		} => put_room_tag(body, user_id, room_id, tag).await?,
-		UserCommand::DeleteRoomTag {
-			user_id,
-			room_id,
-			tag,
-		} => delete_room_tag(body, user_id, room_id, tag).await?,
-		UserCommand::GetRoomTags {
-			user_id,
-			room_id,
-		} => get_room_tags(body, user_id, room_id).await?,
-	})
-}
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-use conduit_core::Error;
+use conduit_core::{err, Err, Result};
 use ruma::{OwnedRoomId, OwnedUserId, RoomId, UserId};
-use service::user_is_local;
-
-use crate::{services, Result};
+use service::Services;

 pub(crate) fn escape_html(s: &str) -> String {
 	s.replace('&', "&amp;")
@@ -10,17 +8,17 @@ pub(crate) fn escape_html(s: &str) -> String {
 		.replace('>', "&gt;")
 }

-pub(crate) fn get_room_info(id: &RoomId) -> (OwnedRoomId, u64, String) {
+pub(crate) fn get_room_info(services: &Services, id: &RoomId) -> (OwnedRoomId, u64, String) {
 	(
 		id.into(),
-		services()
+		services
 			.rooms
 			.state_cache
 			.room_joined_count(id)
 			.ok()
 			.flatten()
 			.unwrap_or(0),
-		services()
+		services
 			.rooms
 			.state_accessor
 			.get_name(id)
@@ -31,32 +29,32 @@ pub(crate) fn get_room_info(id: &RoomId) -> (OwnedRoomId, u64, String) {
 }

 /// Parses user ID
-pub(crate) fn parse_user_id(user_id: &str) -> Result<OwnedUserId> {
-	UserId::parse_with_server_name(user_id.to_lowercase(), services().globals.server_name())
-		.map_err(|e| Error::Err(format!("The supplied username is not a valid username: {e}")))
+pub(crate) fn parse_user_id(services: &Services, user_id: &str) -> Result<OwnedUserId> {
+	UserId::parse_with_server_name(user_id.to_lowercase(), services.globals.server_name())
+		.map_err(|e| err!("The supplied username is not a valid username: {e}"))
 }

 /// Parses user ID as our local user
-pub(crate) fn parse_local_user_id(user_id: &str) -> Result<OwnedUserId> {
-	let user_id = parse_user_id(user_id)?;
+pub(crate) fn parse_local_user_id(services: &Services, user_id: &str) -> Result<OwnedUserId> {
+	let user_id = parse_user_id(services, user_id)?;

-	if !user_is_local(&user_id) {
-		return Err(Error::Err(String::from("User does not belong to our server.")));
+	if !services.globals.user_is_local(&user_id) {
+		return Err!("User {user_id:?} does not belong to our server.");
 	}

 	Ok(user_id)
 }

 /// Parses user ID that is an active (not guest or deactivated) local user
-pub(crate) fn parse_active_local_user_id(user_id: &str) -> Result<OwnedUserId> {
-	let user_id = parse_local_user_id(user_id)?;
+pub(crate) fn parse_active_local_user_id(services: &Services, user_id: &str) -> Result<OwnedUserId> {
+	let user_id = parse_local_user_id(services, user_id)?;

-	if !services().users.exists(&user_id)? {
-		return Err(Error::Err(String::from("User does not exist on this server.")));
+	if !services.users.exists(&user_id)? {
+		return Err!("User {user_id:?} does not exist on this server.");
 	}

-	if services().users.is_deactivated(&user_id)? {
-		return Err(Error::Err(String::from("User is deactivated.")));
+	if services.users.is_deactivated(&user_id)? {
+		return Err!("User {user_id:?} is deactivated.");
 	}

 	Ok(user_id)
@@ -41,11 +41,12 @@ bytes.workspace = true
 conduit-core.workspace = true
 conduit-database.workspace = true
 conduit-service.workspace = true
+const-str.workspace = true
 futures-util.workspace = true
 hmac.workspace = true
 http.workspace = true
+http-body-util.workspace = true
 hyper.workspace = true
-image.workspace = true
 ipaddress.workspace = true
 jsonwebtoken.workspace = true
 log.workspace = true
@@ -56,10 +57,8 @@ serde_html_form.workspace = true
 serde_json.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true
 sha-1.workspace = true
-thiserror.workspace = true
 tokio.workspace = true
 tracing.workspace = true
-webpage.workspace = true

 [lints]
 workspace = true
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 use std::fmt::Write;

+use axum::extract::State;
 use axum_client_ip::InsecureClientIp;
-use conduit::debug_info;
+use conduit::{debug_info, error, info, utils, warn, Error, Result};
 use register::RegistrationKind;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{
@@ -17,15 +18,9 @@ use ruma::{
 	events::{room::message::RoomMessageEventContent, GlobalAccountDataEventType},
 	push, OwnedRoomId, UserId,
 };
-use tracing::{error, info, warn};

 use super::{join_room_by_id_helper, DEVICE_ID_LENGTH, SESSION_ID_LENGTH, TOKEN_LENGTH};
-use crate::{
-	service::user_is_local,
-	services,
-	utils::{self},
-	Error, Result, Ruma,
-};
+use crate::Ruma;

 const RANDOM_USER_ID_LENGTH: usize = 10;

@@ -42,20 +37,21 @@ const RANDOM_USER_ID_LENGTH: usize = 10;
 /// invalid when trying to register
 #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "register_available")]
 pub(crate) async fn get_register_available_route(
-	InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp, body: Ruma<get_username_availability::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
+	body: Ruma<get_username_availability::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_username_availability::v3::Response> {
 	// Validate user id
-	let user_id = UserId::parse_with_server_name(body.username.to_lowercase(), services().globals.server_name())
+	let user_id = UserId::parse_with_server_name(body.username.to_lowercase(), services.globals.server_name())
 		.ok()
-		.filter(|user_id| !user_id.is_historical() && user_is_local(user_id))
+		.filter(|user_id| !user_id.is_historical() && services.globals.user_is_local(user_id))
 		.ok_or(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::InvalidUsername, "Username is invalid."))?;

 	// Check if username is creative enough
-	if services().users.exists(&user_id)? {
+	if services.users.exists(&user_id)? {
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::UserInUse, "Desired user ID is already taken."));
 	}

-	if services()
+	if services
 		.globals
 		.forbidden_usernames()
 		.is_match(user_id.localpart())
@@ -91,9 +87,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_register_available_route(
 #[allow(clippy::doc_markdown)]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "register")]
 pub(crate) async fn register_route(
-	InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp, body: Ruma<register::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp, body: Ruma<register::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<register::v3::Response> {
-	if !services().globals.allow_registration() && body.appservice_info.is_none() {
+	if !services.globals.allow_registration() && body.appservice_info.is_none() {
 		info!(
 			"Registration disabled and request not from known appservice, rejecting registration attempt for username \
 			 {:?}",
@@ -105,8 +101,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(
 	let is_guest = body.kind == RegistrationKind::Guest;

 	if is_guest
-		&& (!services().globals.allow_guest_registration()
-			|| (services().globals.allow_registration() && services().globals.config.registration_token.is_some()))
+		&& (!services.globals.allow_guest_registration()
+			|| (services.globals.allow_registration() && services.globals.config.registration_token.is_some()))
 	{
 		info!(
 			"Guest registration disabled / registration enabled with token configured, rejecting guest registration \
@@ -121,7 +117,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(

 	// forbid guests from registering if there is not a real admin user yet. give
 	// generic user error.
-	if is_guest && services().users.count()? < 2 {
+	if is_guest && services.users.count()? < 2 {
 		warn!(
 			"Guest account attempted to register before a real admin user has been registered, rejecting \
 			 registration. Guest's initial device name: {:?}",
@@ -133,16 +129,16 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(
 	let user_id = match (&body.username, is_guest) {
 		(Some(username), false) => {
 			let proposed_user_id =
-				UserId::parse_with_server_name(username.to_lowercase(), services().globals.server_name())
+				UserId::parse_with_server_name(username.to_lowercase(), services.globals.server_name())
 					.ok()
-					.filter(|user_id| !user_id.is_historical() && user_is_local(user_id))
+					.filter(|user_id| !user_id.is_historical() && services.globals.user_is_local(user_id))
 					.ok_or(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::InvalidUsername, "Username is invalid."))?;

-			if services().users.exists(&proposed_user_id)? {
+			if services.users.exists(&proposed_user_id)? {
 				return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::UserInUse, "Desired user ID is already taken."));
 			}

-			if services()
+			if services
 				.globals
 				.forbidden_usernames()
 				.is_match(proposed_user_id.localpart())
@@ -155,10 +151,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(
 		_ => loop {
 			let proposed_user_id = UserId::parse_with_server_name(
 				utils::random_string(RANDOM_USER_ID_LENGTH).to_lowercase(),
-				services().globals.server_name(),
+				services.globals.server_name(),
 			)
 			.unwrap();
-			if !services().users.exists(&proposed_user_id)? {
+			if !services.users.exists(&proposed_user_id)? {
 				break proposed_user_id;
 			}
 		},
@@ -172,13 +168,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(
 		} else {
 			return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::MissingToken, "Missing appservice token."));
 		}
-	} else if services().appservice.is_exclusive_user_id(&user_id).await {
+	} else if services.appservice.is_exclusive_user_id(&user_id).await {
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::Exclusive, "User ID reserved by appservice."));
 	}

 	// UIAA
 	let mut uiaainfo;
-	let skip_auth = if services().globals.config.registration_token.is_some() {
+	let skip_auth = if services.globals.config.registration_token.is_some() {
 		// Registration token required
 		uiaainfo = UiaaInfo {
 			flows: vec![AuthFlow {
@@ -206,8 +202,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(

 	if !skip_auth {
 		if let Some(auth) = &body.auth {
-			let (worked, uiaainfo) = services().uiaa.try_auth(
-				&UserId::parse_with_server_name("", services().globals.server_name()).expect("we know this is valid"),
+			let (worked, uiaainfo) = services.uiaa.try_auth(
+				&UserId::parse_with_server_name("", services.globals.server_name()).expect("we know this is valid"),
 				"".into(),
 				auth,
 				&uiaainfo,
@@ -218,8 +214,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(
 		// Success!
 		} else if let Some(json) = body.json_body {
 			uiaainfo.session = Some(utils::random_string(SESSION_ID_LENGTH));
-			services().uiaa.create(
-				&UserId::parse_with_server_name("", services().globals.server_name()).expect("we know this is valid"),
+			services.uiaa.create(
+				&UserId::parse_with_server_name("", services.globals.server_name()).expect("we know this is valid"),
 				"".into(),
 				&uiaainfo,
 				&json,
@@ -237,25 +233,25 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(
 	};

 	// Create user
-	services().users.create(&user_id, password)?;
+	services.users.create(&user_id, password)?;

 	// Default to pretty displayname
 	let mut displayname = user_id.localpart().to_owned();

 	// If `new_user_displayname_suffix` is set, registration will push whatever
 	// content is set to the user's display name with a space before it
-	if !services().globals.new_user_displayname_suffix().is_empty() {
-		write!(displayname, " {}", services().globals.config.new_user_displayname_suffix)
+	if !services.globals.new_user_displayname_suffix().is_empty() {
+		write!(displayname, " {}", services.globals.config.new_user_displayname_suffix)
 			.expect("should be able to write to string buffer");
 	}

-	services()
+	services
 		.users
 		.set_displayname(&user_id, Some(displayname.clone()))
 		.await?;

 	// Initial account data
-	services().account_data.update(
+	services.account_data.update(
 		None,
 		&user_id,
 		GlobalAccountDataEventType::PushRules.to_string().into(),
@@ -290,7 +286,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(
 	let token = utils::random_string(TOKEN_LENGTH);

 	// Create device for this account
-	services()
+	services
 		.users
 		.create_device(&user_id, &device_id, &token, body.initial_device_display_name.clone())?;

@@ -299,7 +295,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(
 	// log in conduit admin channel if a non-guest user registered
 	if body.appservice_info.is_none() && !is_guest {
 		info!("New user \"{user_id}\" registered on this server.");
-		services()
+		services
 			.admin
 			.send_message(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_plain(format!(
 				"New user \"{user_id}\" registered on this server from IP {client}."
@@ -308,8 +304,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(
 	}

 	// log in conduit admin channel if a guest registered
-	if body.appservice_info.is_none() && is_guest && services().globals.log_guest_registrations() {
-		info!("New guest user \"{user_id}\" registered on this server from IP.");
+	if body.appservice_info.is_none() && is_guest && services.globals.log_guest_registrations() {
+		info!("New guest user \"{user_id}\" registered on this server.");

 		if let Some(device_display_name) = &body.initial_device_display_name {
 			if body
@@ -317,7 +313,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(
 				.as_ref()
 				.is_some_and(|device_display_name| !device_display_name.is_empty())
 			{
-				services()
+				services
 					.admin
 					.send_message(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_plain(format!(
 						"Guest user \"{user_id}\" with device display name `{device_display_name}` registered on this \
@@ -325,7 +321,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(
 					)))
 					.await;
 			} else {
-				services()
+				services
 					.admin
 					.send_message(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_plain(format!(
 						"Guest user \"{user_id}\" with no device display name registered on this server from IP \
@@ -334,7 +330,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(
 					.await;
 			}
 		} else {
-			services()
+			services
 				.admin
 				.send_message(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_plain(format!(
 					"Guest user \"{user_id}\" with no device display name registered on this server from IP {client}.",
@@ -346,14 +342,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(
 	// If this is the first real user, grant them admin privileges except for guest
 	// users Note: the server user, @conduit:servername, is generated first
 	if !is_guest {
-		if let Some(admin_room) = service::admin::Service::get_admin_room()? {
-			if services()
-				.rooms
-				.state_cache
-				.room_joined_count(&admin_room)?
-				== Some(1)
-			{
-				service::admin::make_user_admin(&user_id, displayname).await?;
+		if let Some(admin_room) = services.admin.get_admin_room()? {
+			if services.rooms.state_cache.room_joined_count(&admin_room)? == Some(1) {
+				services
+					.admin
+					.make_user_admin(&user_id, displayname)
+					.await?;

 				warn!("Granting {user_id} admin privileges as the first user");
 			}
@@ -361,14 +355,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(
 	}

 	if body.appservice_info.is_none()
-		&& !services().globals.config.auto_join_rooms.is_empty()
-		&& (services().globals.allow_guests_auto_join_rooms() || !is_guest)
+		&& !services.globals.config.auto_join_rooms.is_empty()
+		&& (services.globals.allow_guests_auto_join_rooms() || !is_guest)
 	{
-		for room in &services().globals.config.auto_join_rooms {
-			if !services()
+		for room in &services.globals.config.auto_join_rooms {
+			if !services
 				.rooms
 				.state_cache
-				.server_in_room(services().globals.server_name(), room)?
+				.server_in_room(services.globals.server_name(), room)?
 			{
 				warn!("Skipping room {room} to automatically join as we have never joined before.");
 				continue;
@@ -376,10 +370,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(

 			if let Some(room_id_server_name) = room.server_name() {
 				if let Err(e) = join_room_by_id_helper(
-					Some(&user_id),
+					&services,
+					&user_id,
 					room,
 					Some("Automatically joining this room upon registration".to_owned()),
-					&[room_id_server_name.to_owned(), services().globals.server_name().to_owned()],
+					&[room_id_server_name.to_owned(), services.globals.server_name().to_owned()],
 					None,
 				)
 				.await
@@ -421,9 +416,15 @@ pub(crate) async fn register_route(
 /// - Triggers device list updates
 #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "change_password")]
 pub(crate) async fn change_password_route(
-	InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp, body: Ruma<change_password::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
+	body: Ruma<change_password::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<change_password::v3::Response> {
-	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
+	// Authentication for this endpoint was made optional, but we need
+	// authentication currently
+	let sender_user = body
+		.sender_user
+		.as_ref()
+		.ok_or_else(|| Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::MissingToken, "Missing access token."))?;
 	let sender_device = body.sender_device.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

 	let mut uiaainfo = UiaaInfo {
@@ -437,7 +438,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn change_password_route(
 	};

 	if let Some(auth) = &body.auth {
-		let (worked, uiaainfo) = services()
+		let (worked, uiaainfo) = services
 			.uiaa
 			.try_auth(sender_user, sender_device, auth, &uiaainfo)?;
 		if !worked {
@@ -446,7 +447,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn change_password_route(
 	// Success!
 	} else if let Some(json) = body.json_body {
 		uiaainfo.session = Some(utils::random_string(SESSION_ID_LENGTH));
-		services()
+		services
 			.uiaa
 			.create(sender_user, sender_device, &uiaainfo, &json)?;
 		return Err(Error::Uiaa(uiaainfo));
@@ -454,24 +455,24 @@ pub(crate) async fn change_password_route(
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotJson, "Not json."));
 	}

-	services()
+	services
 		.users
 		.set_password(sender_user, Some(&body.new_password))?;

 	if body.logout_devices {
 		// Logout all devices except the current one
-		for id in services()
+		for id in services
 			.users
 			.all_device_ids(sender_user)
 			.filter_map(Result::ok)
 			.filter(|id| id != sender_device)
 		{
-			services().users.remove_device(sender_user, &id)?;
+			services.users.remove_device(sender_user, &id)?;
 		}
 	}

 	info!("User {sender_user} changed their password.");
-	services()
+	services
 		.admin
 		.send_message(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_plain(format!(
 			"User {sender_user} changed their password."
@@ -486,14 +487,16 @@ pub(crate) async fn change_password_route(
 /// Get `user_id` of the sender user.
 ///
 /// Note: Also works for Application Services
-pub(crate) async fn whoami_route(body: Ruma<whoami::v3::Request>) -> Result<whoami::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn whoami_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<whoami::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<whoami::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
 	let device_id = body.sender_device.clone();

 	Ok(whoami::v3::Response {
 		user_id: sender_user.clone(),
 		device_id,
-		is_guest: services().users.is_deactivated(sender_user)? && body.appservice_info.is_none(),
+		is_guest: services.users.is_deactivated(sender_user)? && body.appservice_info.is_none(),
 	})
 }

@@ -510,9 +513,15 @@ pub(crate) async fn whoami_route(body: Ruma<whoami::v3::Request>) -> Result<whoa
 /// - Removes ability to log in again
 #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "deactivate")]
 pub(crate) async fn deactivate_route(
-	InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp, body: Ruma<deactivate::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
+	body: Ruma<deactivate::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<deactivate::v3::Response> {
-	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
+	// Authentication for this endpoint was made optional, but we need
+	// authentication currently
+	let sender_user = body
+		.sender_user
+		.as_ref()
+		.ok_or_else(|| Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::MissingToken, "Missing access token."))?;
 	let sender_device = body.sender_device.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

 	let mut uiaainfo = UiaaInfo {
@@ -526,7 +535,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn deactivate_route(
 	};

 	if let Some(auth) = &body.auth {
-		let (worked, uiaainfo) = services()
+		let (worked, uiaainfo) = services
 			.uiaa
 			.try_auth(sender_user, sender_device, auth, &uiaainfo)?;
 		if !worked {
@@ -535,7 +544,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn deactivate_route(
 	// Success!
 	} else if let Some(json) = body.json_body {
 		uiaainfo.session = Some(utils::random_string(SESSION_ID_LENGTH));
-		services()
+		services
 			.uiaa
 			.create(sender_user, sender_device, &uiaainfo, &json)?;
 		return Err(Error::Uiaa(uiaainfo));
@@ -544,23 +553,23 @@ pub(crate) async fn deactivate_route(
 	}

 	// Remove devices and mark account as deactivated
-	services().users.deactivate_account(sender_user)?;
+	services.users.deactivate_account(sender_user)?;

 	// Remove profile pictures and display name
-	let all_joined_rooms: Vec<OwnedRoomId> = services()
+	let all_joined_rooms: Vec<OwnedRoomId> = services
 		.rooms
 		.state_cache
 		.rooms_joined(sender_user)
 		.filter_map(Result::ok)
 		.collect();
-	super::update_displayname(sender_user.clone(), None, all_joined_rooms.clone()).await?;
-	super::update_avatar_url(sender_user.clone(), None, None, all_joined_rooms).await?;
+	super::update_displayname(&services, sender_user.clone(), None, all_joined_rooms.clone()).await?;
+	super::update_avatar_url(&services, sender_user.clone(), None, None, all_joined_rooms).await?;

 	// Make the user leave all rooms before deactivation
-	super::leave_all_rooms(sender_user).await;
+	super::leave_all_rooms(&services, sender_user).await;

 	info!("User {sender_user} deactivated their account.");
-	services()
+	services
 		.admin
 		.send_message(RoomMessageEventContent::notice_plain(format!(
 			"User {sender_user} deactivated their account."
@@ -622,9 +631,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn request_3pid_management_token_via_msisdn_route(
 /// Currently does not have any ratelimiting, and this isn't very practical as
 /// there is only one registration token allowed.
 pub(crate) async fn check_registration_token_validity(
-	body: Ruma<check_registration_token_validity::v1::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<check_registration_token_validity::v1::Request>,
 ) -> Result<check_registration_token_validity::v1::Response> {
-	let Some(reg_token) = services().globals.config.registration_token.clone() else {
+	let Some(reg_token) = services.globals.config.registration_token.clone() else {
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(
 			ErrorKind::forbidden(),
 			"Server does not allow token registration.",
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use axum::extract::State;
+use conduit::{debug, Error, Result};
 use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{
@@ -6,21 +8,27 @@ use ruma::{
 	},
 	OwnedServerName, RoomAliasId, RoomId,
 };
-use tracing::debug;
+use service::Services;

-use crate::{service::server_is_ours, services, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::Ruma;

 /// # `PUT /_matrix/client/v3/directory/room/{roomAlias}`
 ///
 /// Creates a new room alias on this server.
-pub(crate) async fn create_alias_route(body: Ruma<create_alias::v3::Request>) -> Result<create_alias::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn create_alias_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<create_alias::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<create_alias::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	service::rooms::alias::appservice_checks(&body.room_alias, &body.appservice_info).await?;
+	services
+		.rooms
+		.alias
+		.appservice_checks(&body.room_alias, &body.appservice_info)
+		.await?;

 	// this isn't apart of alias_checks or delete alias route because we should
 	// allow removing forbidden room aliases
-	if services()
+	if services
 		.globals
 		.forbidden_alias_names()
 		.is_match(body.room_alias.alias())
@@ -28,7 +36,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_alias_route(body: Ruma<create_alias::v3::Request>) ->
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::forbidden(), "Room alias is forbidden."));
 	}

-	if services()
+	if services
 		.rooms
 		.alias
 		.resolve_local_alias(&body.room_alias)?
@@ -37,7 +45,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_alias_route(body: Ruma<create_alias::v3::Request>) ->
 		return Err(Error::Conflict("Alias already exists."));
 	}

-	services()
+	services
 		.rooms
 		.alias
 		.set_alias(&body.room_alias, &body.room_id, sender_user)?;
@@ -50,12 +58,18 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_alias_route(body: Ruma<create_alias::v3::Request>) ->
 /// Deletes a room alias from this server.
 ///
 /// - TODO: Update canonical alias event
-pub(crate) async fn delete_alias_route(body: Ruma<delete_alias::v3::Request>) -> Result<delete_alias::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn delete_alias_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<delete_alias::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<delete_alias::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	service::rooms::alias::appservice_checks(&body.room_alias, &body.appservice_info).await?;
+	services
+		.rooms
+		.alias
+		.appservice_checks(&body.room_alias, &body.appservice_info)
+		.await?;

-	if services()
+	if services
 		.rooms
 		.alias
 		.resolve_local_alias(&body.room_alias)?
@@ -64,7 +78,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn delete_alias_route(body: Ruma<delete_alias::v3::Request>) ->
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Alias does not exist."));
 	}

-	services()
+	services
 		.rooms
 		.alias
 		.remove_alias(&body.room_alias, sender_user)
@@ -78,11 +92,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn delete_alias_route(body: Ruma<delete_alias::v3::Request>) ->
 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/v3/directory/room/{roomAlias}`
 ///
 /// Resolve an alias locally or over federation.
-pub(crate) async fn get_alias_route(body: Ruma<get_alias::v3::Request>) -> Result<get_alias::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn get_alias_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_alias::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<get_alias::v3::Response> {
 	let room_alias = body.body.room_alias;
 	let servers = None;

-	let Ok((room_id, pre_servers)) = services()
+	let Ok((room_id, pre_servers)) = services
 		.rooms
 		.alias
 		.resolve_alias(&room_alias, servers.as_ref())
@@ -91,17 +107,17 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_alias_route(body: Ruma<get_alias::v3::Request>) -> Resul
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Room with alias not found."));
 	};

-	let servers = room_available_servers(&room_id, &room_alias, &pre_servers);
+	let servers = room_available_servers(&services, &room_id, &room_alias, &pre_servers);
 	debug!(?room_alias, ?room_id, "available servers: {servers:?}");

 	Ok(get_alias::v3::Response::new(room_id, servers))
 }

 fn room_available_servers(
-	room_id: &RoomId, room_alias: &RoomAliasId, pre_servers: &Option<Vec<OwnedServerName>>,
+	services: &Services, room_id: &RoomId, room_alias: &RoomAliasId, pre_servers: &Option<Vec<OwnedServerName>>,
 ) -> Vec<OwnedServerName> {
 	// find active servers in room state cache to suggest
-	let mut servers: Vec<OwnedServerName> = services()
+	let mut servers: Vec<OwnedServerName> = services
 		.rooms
 		.state_cache
 		.room_servers(room_id)
@@ -124,10 +140,10 @@ fn room_available_servers(
 	// prefer the room alias server first
 	if let Some(server_index) = servers
 		.iter()
-		.position(|server_name| server_is_ours(server_name))
+		.position(|server_name| services.globals.server_is_ours(server_name))
 	{
 		servers.swap_remove(server_index);
-		servers.insert(0, services().globals.server_name().to_owned());
+		servers.insert(0, services.globals.server_name().to_owned());
 	} else if let Some(alias_server_index) = servers
 		.iter()
 		.position(|server| server == room_alias.server_name())
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use axum::extract::State;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{
 		backup::{
@@ -11,16 +12,16 @@ use ruma::{
 	UInt,
 };

-use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{Error, Result, Ruma};

 /// # `POST /_matrix/client/r0/room_keys/version`
 ///
 /// Creates a new backup.
 pub(crate) async fn create_backup_version_route(
-	body: Ruma<create_backup_version::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<create_backup_version::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<create_backup_version::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
-	let version = services()
+	let version = services
 		.key_backups
 		.create_backup(sender_user, &body.algorithm)?;

@@ -34,10 +35,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_backup_version_route(
 /// Update information about an existing backup. Only `auth_data` can be
 /// modified.
 pub(crate) async fn update_backup_version_route(
-	body: Ruma<update_backup_version::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<update_backup_version::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<update_backup_version::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
-	services()
+	services
 		.key_backups
 		.update_backup(sender_user, &body.version, &body.algorithm)?;

@@ -48,20 +49,20 @@ pub(crate) async fn update_backup_version_route(
 ///
 /// Get information about the latest backup version.
 pub(crate) async fn get_latest_backup_info_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_latest_backup_info::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_latest_backup_info::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_latest_backup_info::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let (version, algorithm) = services()
+	let (version, algorithm) = services
 		.key_backups
 		.get_latest_backup(sender_user)?
 		.ok_or_else(|| Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Key backup does not exist."))?;

 	Ok(get_latest_backup_info::v3::Response {
 		algorithm,
-		count: (UInt::try_from(services().key_backups.count_keys(sender_user, &version)?)
+		count: (UInt::try_from(services.key_backups.count_keys(sender_user, &version)?)
 			.expect("user backup keys count should not be that high")),
-		etag: services().key_backups.get_etag(sender_user, &version)?,
+		etag: services.key_backups.get_etag(sender_user, &version)?,
 		version,
 	})
 }
@@ -70,10 +71,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_latest_backup_info_route(
 ///
 /// Get information about an existing backup.
 pub(crate) async fn get_backup_info_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_backup_info::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_backup_info::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_backup_info::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
-	let algorithm = services()
+	let algorithm = services
 		.key_backups
 		.get_backup(sender_user, &body.version)?
 		.ok_or_else(|| Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Key backup does not exist."))?;
@@ -81,14 +82,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_backup_info_route(
 	Ok(get_backup_info::v3::Response {
 		algorithm,
 		count: (UInt::try_from(
-			services()
+			services
 				.key_backups
 				.count_keys(sender_user, &body.version)?,
 		)
 		.expect("user backup keys count should not be that high")),
-		etag: services()
-			.key_backups
-			.get_etag(sender_user, &body.version)?,
+		etag: services.key_backups.get_etag(sender_user, &body.version)?,
 		version: body.version.clone(),
 	})
 }
@@ -100,11 +99,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_backup_info_route(
 /// - Deletes both information about the backup, as well as all key data related
 ///   to the backup
 pub(crate) async fn delete_backup_version_route(
-	body: Ruma<delete_backup_version::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<delete_backup_version::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<delete_backup_version::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	services()
+	services
 		.key_backups
 		.delete_backup(sender_user, &body.version)?;

@@ -120,12 +119,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn delete_backup_version_route(
 /// - Adds the keys to the backup
 /// - Returns the new number of keys in this backup and the etag
 pub(crate) async fn add_backup_keys_route(
-	body: Ruma<add_backup_keys::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<add_backup_keys::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<add_backup_keys::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

 	if Some(&body.version)
-		!= services()
+		!= services
 			.key_backups
 			.get_latest_backup_version(sender_user)?
 			.as_ref()
@@ -138,7 +137,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn add_backup_keys_route(

 	for (room_id, room) in &body.rooms {
 		for (session_id, key_data) in &room.sessions {
-			services()
+			services
 				.key_backups
 				.add_key(sender_user, &body.version, room_id, session_id, key_data)?;
 		}
@@ -146,14 +145,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn add_backup_keys_route(

 	Ok(add_backup_keys::v3::Response {
 		count: (UInt::try_from(
-			services()
+			services
 				.key_backups
 				.count_keys(sender_user, &body.version)?,
 		)
 		.expect("user backup keys count should not be that high")),
-		etag: services()
-			.key_backups
-			.get_etag(sender_user, &body.version)?,
+		etag: services.key_backups.get_etag(sender_user, &body.version)?,
 	})
 }

@@ -166,12 +163,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn add_backup_keys_route(
 /// - Adds the keys to the backup
 /// - Returns the new number of keys in this backup and the etag
 pub(crate) async fn add_backup_keys_for_room_route(
-	body: Ruma<add_backup_keys_for_room::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<add_backup_keys_for_room::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<add_backup_keys_for_room::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

 	if Some(&body.version)
-		!= services()
+		!= services
 			.key_backups
 			.get_latest_backup_version(sender_user)?
 			.as_ref()
@@ -183,21 +180,19 @@ pub(crate) async fn add_backup_keys_for_room_route(
 	}

 	for (session_id, key_data) in &body.sessions {
-		services()
+		services
 			.key_backups
 			.add_key(sender_user, &body.version, &body.room_id, session_id, key_data)?;
 	}

 	Ok(add_backup_keys_for_room::v3::Response {
 		count: (UInt::try_from(
-			services()
+			services
 				.key_backups
 				.count_keys(sender_user, &body.version)?,
 		)
 		.expect("user backup keys count should not be that high")),
-		etag: services()
-			.key_backups
-			.get_etag(sender_user, &body.version)?,
+		etag: services.key_backups.get_etag(sender_user, &body.version)?,
 	})
 }

@@ -210,12 +205,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn add_backup_keys_for_room_route(
 /// - Adds the keys to the backup
 /// - Returns the new number of keys in this backup and the etag
 pub(crate) async fn add_backup_keys_for_session_route(
-	body: Ruma<add_backup_keys_for_session::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<add_backup_keys_for_session::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<add_backup_keys_for_session::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

 	if Some(&body.version)
-		!= services()
+		!= services
 			.key_backups
 			.get_latest_backup_version(sender_user)?
 			.as_ref()
@@ -226,20 +221,18 @@ pub(crate) async fn add_backup_keys_for_session_route(
 		));
 	}

-	services()
+	services
 		.key_backups
 		.add_key(sender_user, &body.version, &body.room_id, &body.session_id, &body.session_data)?;

 	Ok(add_backup_keys_for_session::v3::Response {
 		count: (UInt::try_from(
-			services()
+			services
 				.key_backups
 				.count_keys(sender_user, &body.version)?,
 		)
 		.expect("user backup keys count should not be that high")),
-		etag: services()
-			.key_backups
-			.get_etag(sender_user, &body.version)?,
+		etag: services.key_backups.get_etag(sender_user, &body.version)?,
 	})
 }

@@ -247,11 +240,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn add_backup_keys_for_session_route(
 ///
 /// Retrieves all keys from the backup.
 pub(crate) async fn get_backup_keys_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_backup_keys::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_backup_keys::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_backup_keys::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let rooms = services().key_backups.get_all(sender_user, &body.version)?;
+	let rooms = services.key_backups.get_all(sender_user, &body.version)?;

 	Ok(get_backup_keys::v3::Response {
 		rooms,
@@ -262,11 +255,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_backup_keys_route(
 ///
 /// Retrieves all keys from the backup for a given room.
 pub(crate) async fn get_backup_keys_for_room_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_backup_keys_for_room::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_backup_keys_for_room::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_backup_keys_for_room::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let sessions = services()
+	let sessions = services
 		.key_backups
 		.get_room(sender_user, &body.version, &body.room_id)?;

@@ -279,11 +272,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_backup_keys_for_room_route(
 ///
 /// Retrieves a key from the backup.
 pub(crate) async fn get_backup_keys_for_session_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_backup_keys_for_session::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_backup_keys_for_session::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_backup_keys_for_session::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let key_data = services()
+	let key_data = services
 		.key_backups
 		.get_session(sender_user, &body.version, &body.room_id, &body.session_id)?
 		.ok_or_else(|| Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Backup key not found for this user's session."))?;
@@ -297,24 +290,22 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_backup_keys_for_session_route(
 ///
 /// Delete the keys from the backup.
 pub(crate) async fn delete_backup_keys_route(
-	body: Ruma<delete_backup_keys::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<delete_backup_keys::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<delete_backup_keys::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	services()
+	services
 		.key_backups
 		.delete_all_keys(sender_user, &body.version)?;

 	Ok(delete_backup_keys::v3::Response {
 		count: (UInt::try_from(
-			services()
+			services
 				.key_backups
 				.count_keys(sender_user, &body.version)?,
 		)
 		.expect("user backup keys count should not be that high")),
-		etag: services()
-			.key_backups
-			.get_etag(sender_user, &body.version)?,
+		etag: services.key_backups.get_etag(sender_user, &body.version)?,
 	})
 }

@@ -322,24 +313,22 @@ pub(crate) async fn delete_backup_keys_route(
 ///
 /// Delete the keys from the backup for a given room.
 pub(crate) async fn delete_backup_keys_for_room_route(
-	body: Ruma<delete_backup_keys_for_room::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<delete_backup_keys_for_room::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<delete_backup_keys_for_room::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	services()
+	services
 		.key_backups
 		.delete_room_keys(sender_user, &body.version, &body.room_id)?;

 	Ok(delete_backup_keys_for_room::v3::Response {
 		count: (UInt::try_from(
-			services()
+			services
 				.key_backups
 				.count_keys(sender_user, &body.version)?,
 		)
 		.expect("user backup keys count should not be that high")),
-		etag: services()
-			.key_backups
-			.get_etag(sender_user, &body.version)?,
+		etag: services.key_backups.get_etag(sender_user, &body.version)?,
 	})
 }

@@ -347,23 +336,21 @@ pub(crate) async fn delete_backup_keys_for_room_route(
 ///
 /// Delete a key from the backup.
 pub(crate) async fn delete_backup_keys_for_session_route(
-	body: Ruma<delete_backup_keys_for_session::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<delete_backup_keys_for_session::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<delete_backup_keys_for_session::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	services()
+	services
 		.key_backups
 		.delete_room_key(sender_user, &body.version, &body.room_id, &body.session_id)?;

 	Ok(delete_backup_keys_for_session::v3::Response {
 		count: (UInt::try_from(
-			services()
+			services
 				.key_backups
 				.count_keys(sender_user, &body.version)?,
 		)
 		.expect("user backup keys count should not be that high")),
-		etag: services()
-			.key_backups
-			.get_etag(sender_user, &body.version)?,
+		etag: services.key_backups.get_etag(sender_user, &body.version)?,
 	})
 }
@@ -1,29 +1,30 @@
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;

+use axum::extract::State;
 use ruma::api::client::discovery::get_capabilities::{
 	self, Capabilities, RoomVersionStability, RoomVersionsCapability, ThirdPartyIdChangesCapability,
 };

-use crate::{services, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{Result, Ruma};

 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/v3/capabilities`
 ///
 /// Get information on the supported feature set and other relevent capabilities
 /// of this server.
 pub(crate) async fn get_capabilities_route(
-	_body: Ruma<get_capabilities::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, _body: Ruma<get_capabilities::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_capabilities::v3::Response> {
 	let mut available = BTreeMap::new();
-	for room_version in &services().globals.unstable_room_versions {
+	for room_version in &services.globals.unstable_room_versions {
 		available.insert(room_version.clone(), RoomVersionStability::Unstable);
 	}
-	for room_version in &services().globals.stable_room_versions {
+	for room_version in &services.globals.stable_room_versions {
 		available.insert(room_version.clone(), RoomVersionStability::Stable);
 	}

 	let mut capabilities = Capabilities::default();
 	capabilities.room_versions = RoomVersionsCapability {
-		default: services().globals.default_room_version(),
+		default: services.globals.default_room_version(),
 		available,
 	};

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use axum::extract::State;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{
 		config::{get_global_account_data, get_room_account_data, set_global_account_data, set_room_account_data},
@@ -10,15 +11,21 @@ use ruma::{
 use serde::Deserialize;
 use serde_json::{json, value::RawValue as RawJsonValue};

-use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{service::Services, Error, Result, Ruma};

 /// # `PUT /_matrix/client/r0/user/{userId}/account_data/{type}`
 ///
 /// Sets some account data for the sender user.
 pub(crate) async fn set_global_account_data_route(
-	body: Ruma<set_global_account_data::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<set_global_account_data::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<set_global_account_data::v3::Response> {
-	set_account_data(None, &body.sender_user, &body.event_type.to_string(), body.data.json())?;
+	set_account_data(
+		&services,
+		None,
+		&body.sender_user,
+		&body.event_type.to_string(),
+		body.data.json(),
+	)?;

 	Ok(set_global_account_data::v3::Response {})
 }
@@ -27,9 +34,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_global_account_data_route(
 ///
 /// Sets some room account data for the sender user.
 pub(crate) async fn set_room_account_data_route(
-	body: Ruma<set_room_account_data::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<set_room_account_data::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<set_room_account_data::v3::Response> {
 	set_account_data(
+		&services,
 		Some(&body.room_id),
 		&body.sender_user,
 		&body.event_type.to_string(),
@@ -43,11 +51,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_room_account_data_route(
 ///
 /// Gets some account data for the sender user.
 pub(crate) async fn get_global_account_data_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_global_account_data::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_global_account_data::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_global_account_data::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let event: Box<RawJsonValue> = services()
+	let event: Box<RawJsonValue> = services
 		.account_data
 		.get(None, sender_user, body.event_type.to_string().into())?
 		.ok_or_else(|| Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Data not found."))?;
@@ -65,11 +73,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_global_account_data_route(
 ///
 /// Gets some room account data for the sender user.
 pub(crate) async fn get_room_account_data_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_room_account_data::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_room_account_data::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_room_account_data::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let event: Box<RawJsonValue> = services()
+	let event: Box<RawJsonValue> = services
 		.account_data
 		.get(Some(&body.room_id), sender_user, body.event_type.clone())?
 		.ok_or_else(|| Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Data not found."))?;
@@ -84,14 +92,15 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_room_account_data_route(
 }

 fn set_account_data(
-	room_id: Option<&RoomId>, sender_user: &Option<OwnedUserId>, event_type: &str, data: &RawJsonValue,
+	services: &Services, room_id: Option<&RoomId>, sender_user: &Option<OwnedUserId>, event_type: &str,
+	data: &RawJsonValue,
 ) -> Result<()> {
 	let sender_user = sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

 	let data: serde_json::Value =
 		serde_json::from_str(data.get()).map_err(|_| Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::BadJson, "Data is invalid."))?;

-	services().account_data.update(
+	services.account_data.update(
 		room_id,
 		sender_user,
 		event_type.into(),
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 use std::collections::HashSet;

+use axum::extract::State;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{context::get_context, error::ErrorKind, filter::LazyLoadOptions},
 	events::StateEventType,
 };
 use tracing::error;

-use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{Error, Result, Ruma};

 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/r0/rooms/{roomId}/context`
 ///
@@ -14,7 +15,9 @@ use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
 ///
 /// - Only works if the user is joined (TODO: always allow, but only show events
 ///   if the user was joined, depending on history_visibility)
-pub(crate) async fn get_context_route(body: Ruma<get_context::v3::Request>) -> Result<get_context::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn get_context_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_context::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<get_context::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
 	let sender_device = body.sender_device.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

@@ -27,13 +30,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_context_route(body: Ruma<get_context::v3::Request>) -> R

 	let mut lazy_loaded = HashSet::new();

-	let base_token = services()
+	let base_token = services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.get_pdu_count(&body.event_id)?
 		.ok_or(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Base event id not found."))?;

-	let base_event = services()
+	let base_event = services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.get_pdu(&body.event_id)?
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_context_route(body: Ruma<get_context::v3::Request>) -> R

 	let room_id = base_event.room_id.clone();

-	if !services()
+	if !services
 		.rooms
 		.state_accessor
 		.user_can_see_event(sender_user, &room_id, &body.event_id)?
@@ -52,7 +55,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_context_route(body: Ruma<get_context::v3::Request>) -> R
 		));
 	}

-	if !services().rooms.lazy_loading.lazy_load_was_sent_before(
+	if !services.rooms.lazy_loading.lazy_load_was_sent_before(
 		sender_user,
 		sender_device,
 		&room_id,
@@ -67,14 +70,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_context_route(body: Ruma<get_context::v3::Request>) -> R

 	let base_event = base_event.to_room_event();

-	let events_before: Vec<_> = services()
+	let events_before: Vec<_> = services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.pdus_until(sender_user, &room_id, base_token)?
 		.take(limit / 2)
 		.filter_map(Result::ok) // Remove buggy events
 		.filter(|(_, pdu)| {
-			services()
+			services
 				.rooms
 				.state_accessor
 				.user_can_see_event(sender_user, &room_id, &pdu.event_id)
@@ -83,7 +86,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_context_route(body: Ruma<get_context::v3::Request>) -> R
 		.collect();

 	for (_, event) in &events_before {
-		if !services().rooms.lazy_loading.lazy_load_was_sent_before(
+		if !services.rooms.lazy_loading.lazy_load_was_sent_before(
 			sender_user,
 			sender_device,
 			&room_id,
@@ -103,14 +106,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_context_route(body: Ruma<get_context::v3::Request>) -> R
 		.map(|(_, pdu)| pdu.to_room_event())
 		.collect();

-	let events_after: Vec<_> = services()
+	let events_after: Vec<_> = services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.pdus_after(sender_user, &room_id, base_token)?
 		.take(limit / 2)
 		.filter_map(Result::ok) // Remove buggy events
 		.filter(|(_, pdu)| {
-			services()
+			services
 				.rooms
 				.state_accessor
 				.user_can_see_event(sender_user, &room_id, &pdu.event_id)
@@ -119,7 +122,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_context_route(body: Ruma<get_context::v3::Request>) -> R
 		.collect();

 	for (_, event) in &events_after {
-		if !services().rooms.lazy_loading.lazy_load_was_sent_before(
+		if !services.rooms.lazy_loading.lazy_load_was_sent_before(
 			sender_user,
 			sender_device,
 			&room_id,
@@ -130,7 +133,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_context_route(body: Ruma<get_context::v3::Request>) -> R
 		}
 	}

-	let shortstatehash = services()
+	let shortstatehash = services
 		.rooms
 		.state_accessor
 		.pdu_shortstatehash(
@@ -139,7 +142,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_context_route(body: Ruma<get_context::v3::Request>) -> R
 				.map_or(&*body.event_id, |(_, e)| &*e.event_id),
 		)?
 		.map_or(
-			services()
+			services
 				.rooms
 				.state
 				.get_room_shortstatehash(&room_id)?
@@ -147,7 +150,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_context_route(body: Ruma<get_context::v3::Request>) -> R
 			|hash| hash,
 		);

-	let state_ids = services()
+	let state_ids = services
 		.rooms
 		.state_accessor
 		.state_full_ids(shortstatehash)
@@ -165,20 +168,20 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_context_route(body: Ruma<get_context::v3::Request>) -> R
 	let mut state = Vec::with_capacity(state_ids.len());

 	for (shortstatekey, id) in state_ids {
-		let (event_type, state_key) = services()
+		let (event_type, state_key) = services
 			.rooms
 			.short
 			.get_statekey_from_short(shortstatekey)?;

 		if event_type != StateEventType::RoomMember {
-			let Some(pdu) = services().rooms.timeline.get_pdu(&id)? else {
+			let Some(pdu) = services.rooms.timeline.get_pdu(&id)? else {
 				error!("Pdu in state not found: {}", id);
 				continue;
 			};

 			state.push(pdu.to_state_event());
 		} else if !lazy_load_enabled || lazy_loaded.contains(&state_key) {
-			let Some(pdu) = services().rooms.timeline.get_pdu(&id)? else {
+			let Some(pdu) = services.rooms.timeline.get_pdu(&id)? else {
 				error!("Pdu in state not found: {}", id);
 				continue;
 			};
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use axum::extract::State;
 use ruma::api::client::{
 	device::{self, delete_device, delete_devices, get_device, get_devices, update_device},
 	error::ErrorKind,
@@ -5,15 +6,17 @@ use ruma::api::client::{
 };

 use super::SESSION_ID_LENGTH;
-use crate::{services, utils, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{utils, Error, Result, Ruma};

 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/r0/devices`
 ///
 /// Get metadata on all devices of the sender user.
-pub(crate) async fn get_devices_route(body: Ruma<get_devices::v3::Request>) -> Result<get_devices::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn get_devices_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_devices::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<get_devices::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let devices: Vec<device::Device> = services()
+	let devices: Vec<device::Device> = services
 		.users
 		.all_devices_metadata(sender_user)
 		.filter_map(Result::ok) // Filter out buggy devices
@@ -27,10 +30,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_devices_route(body: Ruma<get_devices::v3::Request>) -> R
 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/r0/devices/{deviceId}`
 ///
 /// Get metadata on a single device of the sender user.
-pub(crate) async fn get_device_route(body: Ruma<get_device::v3::Request>) -> Result<get_device::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn get_device_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_device::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<get_device::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let device = services()
+	let device = services
 		.users
 		.get_device_metadata(sender_user, &body.body.device_id)?
 		.ok_or(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Device not found."))?;
@@ -43,17 +48,19 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_device_route(body: Ruma<get_device::v3::Request>) -> Res
 /// # `PUT /_matrix/client/r0/devices/{deviceId}`
 ///
 /// Updates the metadata on a given device of the sender user.
-pub(crate) async fn update_device_route(body: Ruma<update_device::v3::Request>) -> Result<update_device::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn update_device_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<update_device::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<update_device::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let mut device = services()
+	let mut device = services
 		.users
 		.get_device_metadata(sender_user, &body.device_id)?
 		.ok_or(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Device not found."))?;

 	device.display_name.clone_from(&body.display_name);

-	services()
+	services
 		.users
 		.update_device_metadata(sender_user, &body.device_id, &device)?;

@@ -70,7 +77,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn update_device_route(body: Ruma<update_device::v3::Request>)
 ///   last seen ts)
 /// - Forgets to-device events
 /// - Triggers device list updates
-pub(crate) async fn delete_device_route(body: Ruma<delete_device::v3::Request>) -> Result<delete_device::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn delete_device_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<delete_device::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<delete_device::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
 	let sender_device = body.sender_device.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

@@ -86,7 +95,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn delete_device_route(body: Ruma<delete_device::v3::Request>)
 	};

 	if let Some(auth) = &body.auth {
-		let (worked, uiaainfo) = services()
+		let (worked, uiaainfo) = services
 			.uiaa
 			.try_auth(sender_user, sender_device, auth, &uiaainfo)?;
 		if !worked {
@@ -95,7 +104,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn delete_device_route(body: Ruma<delete_device::v3::Request>)
 	// Success!
 	} else if let Some(json) = body.json_body {
 		uiaainfo.session = Some(utils::random_string(SESSION_ID_LENGTH));
-		services()
+		services
 			.uiaa
 			.create(sender_user, sender_device, &uiaainfo, &json)?;
 		return Err(Error::Uiaa(uiaainfo));
@@ -103,9 +112,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn delete_device_route(body: Ruma<delete_device::v3::Request>)
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotJson, "Not json."));
 	}

-	services()
-		.users
-		.remove_device(sender_user, &body.device_id)?;
+	services.users.remove_device(sender_user, &body.device_id)?;

 	Ok(delete_device::v3::Response {})
 }
@@ -123,7 +130,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn delete_device_route(body: Ruma<delete_device::v3::Request>)
 /// - Forgets to-device events
 /// - Triggers device list updates
 pub(crate) async fn delete_devices_route(
-	body: Ruma<delete_devices::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<delete_devices::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<delete_devices::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
 	let sender_device = body.sender_device.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@@ -140,7 +147,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn delete_devices_route(
 	};

 	if let Some(auth) = &body.auth {
-		let (worked, uiaainfo) = services()
+		let (worked, uiaainfo) = services
 			.uiaa
 			.try_auth(sender_user, sender_device, auth, &uiaainfo)?;
 		if !worked {
@@ -149,7 +156,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn delete_devices_route(
 	// Success!
 	} else if let Some(json) = body.json_body {
 		uiaainfo.session = Some(utils::random_string(SESSION_ID_LENGTH));
-		services()
+		services
 			.uiaa
 			.create(sender_user, sender_device, &uiaainfo, &json)?;
 		return Err(Error::Uiaa(uiaainfo));
@@ -158,7 +165,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn delete_devices_route(
 	}

 	for device_id in &body.devices {
-		services().users.remove_device(sender_user, device_id)?;
+		services.users.remove_device(sender_user, device_id)?;
 	}

 	Ok(delete_devices::v3::Response {})
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
+use axum::extract::State;
 use axum_client_ip::InsecureClientIp;
+use conduit::{err, info, warn, Error, Result};
 use ruma::{
 	api::{
 		client::{
@@ -10,14 +12,17 @@ use ruma::{
 	},
 	directory::{Filter, PublicRoomJoinRule, PublicRoomsChunk, RoomNetwork},
 	events::{
-		room::join_rules::{JoinRule, RoomJoinRulesEventContent},
+		room::{
+			join_rules::{JoinRule, RoomJoinRulesEventContent},
+			power_levels::{RoomPowerLevels, RoomPowerLevelsEventContent},
+		},
 		StateEventType,
 	},
-	uint, ServerName, UInt,
+	uint, RoomId, ServerName, UInt, UserId,
 };
-use tracing::{error, info, warn};
+use service::Services;

-use crate::{service::server_is_ours, services, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::Ruma;

 /// # `POST /_matrix/client/v3/publicRooms`
 ///
@@ -26,10 +31,11 @@ use crate::{service::server_is_ours, services, Error, Result, Ruma};
 /// - Rooms are ordered by the number of joined members
 #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "publicrooms")]
 pub(crate) async fn get_public_rooms_filtered_route(
-	InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp, body: Ruma<get_public_rooms_filtered::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
+	body: Ruma<get_public_rooms_filtered::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_public_rooms_filtered::v3::Response> {
 	if let Some(server) = &body.server {
-		if services()
+		if services
 			.globals
 			.forbidden_remote_room_directory_server_names()
 			.contains(server)
@@ -42,6 +48,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_public_rooms_filtered_route(
 	}

 	let response = get_public_rooms_filtered_helper(
+		&services,
 		body.server.as_deref(),
 		body.limit,
 		body.since.as_deref(),
@@ -64,10 +71,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_public_rooms_filtered_route(
 /// - Rooms are ordered by the number of joined members
 #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "publicrooms")]
 pub(crate) async fn get_public_rooms_route(
-	InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp, body: Ruma<get_public_rooms::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
+	body: Ruma<get_public_rooms::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_public_rooms::v3::Response> {
 	if let Some(server) = &body.server {
-		if services()
+		if services
 			.globals
 			.forbidden_remote_room_directory_server_names()
 			.contains(server)
@@ -80,6 +88,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_public_rooms_route(
 	}

 	let response = get_public_rooms_filtered_helper(
+		&services,
 		body.server.as_deref(),
 		body.limit,
 		body.since.as_deref(),
@@ -103,22 +112,28 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_public_rooms_route(
 /// # `PUT /_matrix/client/r0/directory/list/room/{roomId}`
 ///
 /// Sets the visibility of a given room in the room directory.
-///
-/// - TODO: Access control checks
 #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "room_directory")]
 pub(crate) async fn set_room_visibility_route(
-	InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp, body: Ruma<set_room_visibility::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
+	body: Ruma<set_room_visibility::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<set_room_visibility::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	if !services().rooms.metadata.exists(&body.room_id)? {
+	if !services.rooms.metadata.exists(&body.room_id)? {
 		// Return 404 if the room doesn't exist
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Room not found"));
 	}

+	if !user_can_publish_room(&services, sender_user, &body.room_id)? {
+		return Err(Error::BadRequest(
+			ErrorKind::forbidden(),
+			"User is not allowed to publish this room",
+		));
+	}
+
 	match &body.visibility {
 		room::Visibility::Public => {
-			if services().globals.config.lockdown_public_room_directory && !services().users.is_admin(sender_user)? {
+			if services.globals.config.lockdown_public_room_directory && !services.users.is_admin(sender_user)? {
 				info!(
 					"Non-admin user {sender_user} tried to publish {0} to the room directory while \
 					 \"lockdown_public_room_directory\" is enabled",
@@ -131,10 +146,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_room_visibility_route(
 				));
 			}

-			services().rooms.directory.set_public(&body.room_id)?;
+			services.rooms.directory.set_public(&body.room_id)?;
 			info!("{sender_user} made {0} public", body.room_id);
 		},
-		room::Visibility::Private => services().rooms.directory.set_not_public(&body.room_id)?,
+		room::Visibility::Private => services.rooms.directory.set_not_public(&body.room_id)?,
 		_ => {
 			return Err(Error::BadRequest(
 				ErrorKind::InvalidParam,
@@ -150,15 +165,15 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_room_visibility_route(
 ///
 /// Gets the visibility of a given room in the room directory.
 pub(crate) async fn get_room_visibility_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_room_visibility::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_room_visibility::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_room_visibility::v3::Response> {
-	if !services().rooms.metadata.exists(&body.room_id)? {
+	if !services.rooms.metadata.exists(&body.room_id)? {
 		// Return 404 if the room doesn't exist
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Room not found"));
 	}

 	Ok(get_room_visibility::v3::Response {
-		visibility: if services().rooms.directory.is_public_room(&body.room_id)? {
+		visibility: if services.rooms.directory.is_public_room(&body.room_id)? {
 			room::Visibility::Public
 		} else {
 			room::Visibility::Private
@@ -167,10 +182,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_room_visibility_route(
 }

 pub(crate) async fn get_public_rooms_filtered_helper(
-	server: Option<&ServerName>, limit: Option<UInt>, since: Option<&str>, filter: &Filter, _network: &RoomNetwork,
+	services: &Services, server: Option<&ServerName>, limit: Option<UInt>, since: Option<&str>, filter: &Filter,
+	_network: &RoomNetwork,
 ) -> Result<get_public_rooms_filtered::v3::Response> {
-	if let Some(other_server) = server.filter(|server_name| !server_is_ours(server_name)) {
-		let response = services()
+	if let Some(other_server) = server.filter(|server_name| !services.globals.server_is_ours(server_name)) {
+		let response = services
 			.sending
 			.send_federation_request(
 				other_server,
@@ -216,7 +232,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_public_rooms_filtered_helper(
 		}
 	}

-	let mut all_rooms: Vec<_> = services()
+	let mut all_rooms: Vec<_> = services
 		.rooms
 		.directory
 		.public_rooms()
@@ -224,12 +240,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_public_rooms_filtered_helper(
 			let room_id = room_id?;

 			let chunk = PublicRoomsChunk {
-				canonical_alias: services()
+				canonical_alias: services
 					.rooms
 					.state_accessor
 					.get_canonical_alias(&room_id)?,
-				name: services().rooms.state_accessor.get_name(&room_id)?,
-				num_joined_members: services()
+				name: services.rooms.state_accessor.get_name(&room_id)?,
+				num_joined_members: services
 					.rooms
 					.state_cache
 					.room_joined_count(&room_id)?
@@ -239,24 +255,24 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_public_rooms_filtered_helper(
 					})
 					.try_into()
 					.expect("user count should not be that big"),
-				topic: services()
+				topic: services
 					.rooms
 					.state_accessor
 					.get_room_topic(&room_id)
 					.unwrap_or(None),
-				world_readable: services().rooms.state_accessor.is_world_readable(&room_id)?,
-				guest_can_join: services()
+				world_readable: services.rooms.state_accessor.is_world_readable(&room_id)?,
+				guest_can_join: services
 					.rooms
 					.state_accessor
 					.guest_can_join(&room_id)?,
-				avatar_url: services()
+				avatar_url: services
 					.rooms
 					.state_accessor
 					.get_avatar(&room_id)?
 					.into_option()
 					.unwrap_or_default()
 					.url,
-				join_rule: services()
+				join_rule: services
 					.rooms
 					.state_accessor
 					.room_state_get(&room_id, &StateEventType::RoomJoinRules, "")?
@@ -268,14 +284,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_public_rooms_filtered_helper(
 								_ => None,
 							})
 							.map_err(|e| {
-								error!("Invalid room join rule event in database: {}", e);
-								Error::BadDatabase("Invalid room join rule event in database.")
+								err!(Database(error!("Invalid room join rule event in database: {e}")))
 							})
 					})
 					.transpose()?
 					.flatten()
 					.ok_or_else(|| Error::bad_database("Missing room join rule event for room."))?,
-				room_type: services()
+				room_type: services
 					.rooms
 					.state_accessor
 					.get_room_type(&room_id)?,
@@ -351,3 +366,31 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_public_rooms_filtered_helper(
 		total_room_count_estimate: Some(total_room_count_estimate),
 	})
 }
+
+/// Check whether the user can publish to the room directory via power levels of
+/// room history visibility event or room creator
+fn user_can_publish_room(services: &Services, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<bool> {
+	if let Some(event) = services
+		.rooms
+		.state_accessor
+		.room_state_get(room_id, &StateEventType::RoomPowerLevels, "")?
+	{
+		serde_json::from_str(event.content.get())
+			.map_err(|_| Error::bad_database("Invalid event content for m.room.power_levels"))
+			.map(|content: RoomPowerLevelsEventContent| {
+				RoomPowerLevels::from(content).user_can_send_state(user_id, StateEventType::RoomHistoryVisibility)
+			})
+	} else if let Some(event) =
+		services
+			.rooms
+			.state_accessor
+			.room_state_get(room_id, &StateEventType::RoomCreate, "")?
+	{
+		Ok(event.sender == user_id)
+	} else {
+		return Err(Error::BadRequest(
+			ErrorKind::forbidden(),
+			"User is not allowed to publish this room",
+		));
+	}
+}
@@ -1,18 +1,21 @@
+use axum::extract::State;
 use ruma::api::client::{
 	error::ErrorKind,
 	filter::{create_filter, get_filter},
 };

-use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{Error, Result, Ruma};

 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/r0/user/{userId}/filter/{filterId}`
 ///
 /// Loads a filter that was previously created.
 ///
 /// - A user can only access their own filters
-pub(crate) async fn get_filter_route(body: Ruma<get_filter::v3::Request>) -> Result<get_filter::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn get_filter_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_filter::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<get_filter::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
-	let Some(filter) = services().users.get_filter(sender_user, &body.filter_id)? else {
+	let Some(filter) = services.users.get_filter(sender_user, &body.filter_id)? else {
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Filter not found."));
 	};

@@ -22,9 +25,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_filter_route(body: Ruma<get_filter::v3::Request>) -> Res
 /// # `PUT /_matrix/client/r0/user/{userId}/filter`
 ///
 /// Creates a new filter to be used by other endpoints.
-pub(crate) async fn create_filter_route(body: Ruma<create_filter::v3::Request>) -> Result<create_filter::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn create_filter_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<create_filter::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<create_filter::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
 	Ok(create_filter::v3::Response::new(
-		services().users.create_filter(sender_user, &body.filter)?,
+		services.users.create_filter(sender_user, &body.filter)?,
 	))
 }
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 use std::{
-	cmp,
 	collections::{hash_map, BTreeMap, HashMap, HashSet},
-	time::{Duration, Instant},
+	time::Instant,
 };

+use axum::extract::State;
+use conduit::{utils, utils::math::continue_exponential_backoff_secs, Err, Error, Result};
 use futures_util::{stream::FuturesUnordered, StreamExt};
 use ruma::{
 	api::{
@@ -18,15 +19,9 @@ use ruma::{
 	DeviceKeyAlgorithm, OwnedDeviceId, OwnedUserId, UserId,
 };
 use serde_json::json;
-use tracing::debug;

 use super::SESSION_ID_LENGTH;
-use crate::{
-	service::user_is_local,
-	services,
-	utils::{self},
-	Error, Result, Ruma,
-};
+use crate::{service::Services, Ruma};

 /// # `POST /_matrix/client/r0/keys/upload`
 ///
@@ -35,12 +30,14 @@ use crate::{
 /// - Adds one time keys
 /// - If there are no device keys yet: Adds device keys (TODO: merge with
 ///   existing keys?)
-pub(crate) async fn upload_keys_route(body: Ruma<upload_keys::v3::Request>) -> Result<upload_keys::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn upload_keys_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<upload_keys::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<upload_keys::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
 	let sender_device = body.sender_device.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

 	for (key_key, key_value) in &body.one_time_keys {
-		services()
+		services
 			.users
 			.add_one_time_key(sender_user, sender_device, key_key, key_value)?;
 	}
@@ -48,19 +45,19 @@ pub(crate) async fn upload_keys_route(body: Ruma<upload_keys::v3::Request>) -> R
 	if let Some(device_keys) = &body.device_keys {
 		// TODO: merge this and the existing event?
 		// This check is needed to assure that signatures are kept
-		if services()
+		if services
 			.users
 			.get_device_keys(sender_user, sender_device)?
 			.is_none()
 		{
-			services()
+			services
 				.users
 				.add_device_keys(sender_user, sender_device, device_keys)?;
 		}
 	}

 	Ok(upload_keys::v3::Response {
-		one_time_key_counts: services()
+		one_time_key_counts: services
 			.users
 			.count_one_time_keys(sender_user, sender_device)?,
 	})
@@ -74,10 +71,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn upload_keys_route(body: Ruma<upload_keys::v3::Request>) -> R
 /// - Gets master keys, self-signing keys, user signing keys and device keys.
 /// - The master and self-signing keys contain signatures that the user is
 ///   allowed to see
-pub(crate) async fn get_keys_route(body: Ruma<get_keys::v3::Request>) -> Result<get_keys::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn get_keys_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_keys::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<get_keys::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

 	get_keys_helper(
+		&services,
 		Some(sender_user),
 		&body.device_keys,
 		|u| u == sender_user,
@@ -89,8 +89,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_keys_route(body: Ruma<get_keys::v3::Request>) -> Result<
 /// # `POST /_matrix/client/r0/keys/claim`
 ///
 /// Claims one-time keys
-pub(crate) async fn claim_keys_route(body: Ruma<claim_keys::v3::Request>) -> Result<claim_keys::v3::Response> {
-	claim_keys_helper(&body.one_time_keys).await
+pub(crate) async fn claim_keys_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<claim_keys::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<claim_keys::v3::Response> {
+	claim_keys_helper(&services, &body.one_time_keys).await
 }

 /// # `POST /_matrix/client/r0/keys/device_signing/upload`
@@ -99,7 +101,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn claim_keys_route(body: Ruma<claim_keys::v3::Request>) -> Res
 ///
 /// - Requires UIAA to verify password
 pub(crate) async fn upload_signing_keys_route(
-	body: Ruma<upload_signing_keys::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<upload_signing_keys::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<upload_signing_keys::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
 	let sender_device = body.sender_device.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@@ -116,7 +118,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn upload_signing_keys_route(
 	};

 	if let Some(auth) = &body.auth {
-		let (worked, uiaainfo) = services()
+		let (worked, uiaainfo) = services
 			.uiaa
 			.try_auth(sender_user, sender_device, auth, &uiaainfo)?;
 		if !worked {
@@ -125,7 +127,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn upload_signing_keys_route(
 	// Success!
 	} else if let Some(json) = body.json_body {
 		uiaainfo.session = Some(utils::random_string(SESSION_ID_LENGTH));
-		services()
+		services
 			.uiaa
 			.create(sender_user, sender_device, &uiaainfo, &json)?;
 		return Err(Error::Uiaa(uiaainfo));
@@ -134,7 +136,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn upload_signing_keys_route(
 	}

 	if let Some(master_key) = &body.master_key {
-		services().users.add_cross_signing_keys(
+		services.users.add_cross_signing_keys(
 			sender_user,
 			master_key,
 			&body.self_signing_key,
@@ -150,7 +152,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn upload_signing_keys_route(
 ///
 /// Uploads end-to-end key signatures from the sender user.
 pub(crate) async fn upload_signatures_route(
-	body: Ruma<upload_signatures::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<upload_signatures::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<upload_signatures::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

@@ -177,7 +179,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn upload_signatures_route(
 						.ok_or(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::InvalidParam, "Invalid signature value."))?
 						.to_owned(),
 				);
-				services()
+				services
 					.users
 					.sign_key(user_id, key_id, signature, sender_user)?;
 			}
@@ -196,14 +198,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn upload_signatures_route(
 ///
 /// - TODO: left users
 pub(crate) async fn get_key_changes_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_key_changes::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_key_changes::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_key_changes::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

 	let mut device_list_updates = HashSet::new();

 	device_list_updates.extend(
-		services()
+		services
 			.users
 			.keys_changed(
 				sender_user.as_str(),
@@ -219,14 +221,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_key_changes_route(
 			.filter_map(Result::ok),
 	);

-	for room_id in services()
+	for room_id in services
 		.rooms
 		.state_cache
 		.rooms_joined(sender_user)
 		.filter_map(Result::ok)
 	{
 		device_list_updates.extend(
-			services()
+			services
 				.users
 				.keys_changed(
 					room_id.as_ref(),
@@ -249,8 +251,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_key_changes_route(
 }

 pub(crate) async fn get_keys_helper<F: Fn(&UserId) -> bool + Send>(
-	sender_user: Option<&UserId>, device_keys_input: &BTreeMap<OwnedUserId, Vec<OwnedDeviceId>>, allowed_signatures: F,
-	include_display_names: bool,
+	services: &Services, sender_user: Option<&UserId>, device_keys_input: &BTreeMap<OwnedUserId, Vec<OwnedDeviceId>>,
+	allowed_signatures: F, include_display_names: bool,
 ) -> Result<get_keys::v3::Response> {
 	let mut master_keys = BTreeMap::new();
 	let mut self_signing_keys = BTreeMap::new();
@@ -262,7 +264,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_keys_helper<F: Fn(&UserId) -> bool + Send>(
 	for (user_id, device_ids) in device_keys_input {
 		let user_id: &UserId = user_id;

-		if !user_is_local(user_id) {
+		if !services.globals.user_is_local(user_id) {
 			get_over_federation
 				.entry(user_id.server_name())
 				.or_insert_with(Vec::new)
@@ -272,10 +274,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_keys_helper<F: Fn(&UserId) -> bool + Send>(

 		if device_ids.is_empty() {
 			let mut container = BTreeMap::new();
-			for device_id in services().users.all_device_ids(user_id) {
+			for device_id in services.users.all_device_ids(user_id) {
 				let device_id = device_id?;
-				if let Some(mut keys) = services().users.get_device_keys(user_id, &device_id)? {
-					let metadata = services()
+				if let Some(mut keys) = services.users.get_device_keys(user_id, &device_id)? {
+					let metadata = services
 						.users
 						.get_device_metadata(user_id, &device_id)?
 						.ok_or_else(|| Error::bad_database("all_device_keys contained nonexistent device."))?;
@@ -290,8 +292,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_keys_helper<F: Fn(&UserId) -> bool + Send>(
 		} else {
 			for device_id in device_ids {
 				let mut container = BTreeMap::new();
-				if let Some(mut keys) = services().users.get_device_keys(user_id, device_id)? {
-					let metadata = services()
+				if let Some(mut keys) = services.users.get_device_keys(user_id, device_id)? {
+					let metadata = services
 						.users
 						.get_device_metadata(user_id, device_id)?
 						.ok_or(Error::BadRequest(
@@ -307,21 +309,21 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_keys_helper<F: Fn(&UserId) -> bool + Send>(
 			}
 		}

-		if let Some(master_key) = services()
+		if let Some(master_key) = services
 			.users
 			.get_master_key(sender_user, user_id, &allowed_signatures)?
 		{
 			master_keys.insert(user_id.to_owned(), master_key);
 		}
 		if let Some(self_signing_key) =
-			services()
+			services
 				.users
 				.get_self_signing_key(sender_user, user_id, &allowed_signatures)?
 		{
 			self_signing_keys.insert(user_id.to_owned(), self_signing_key);
 		}
 		if Some(user_id) == sender_user {
-			if let Some(user_signing_key) = services().users.get_user_signing_key(user_id)? {
+			if let Some(user_signing_key) = services.users.get_user_signing_key(user_id)? {
 				user_signing_keys.insert(user_id.to_owned(), user_signing_key);
 			}
 		}
@@ -330,7 +332,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_keys_helper<F: Fn(&UserId) -> bool + Send>(
 	let mut failures = BTreeMap::new();

 	let back_off = |id| async {
-		match services()
+		match services
 			.globals
 			.bad_query_ratelimiter
 			.write()
@@ -349,7 +351,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_keys_helper<F: Fn(&UserId) -> bool + Send>(
 	let mut futures: FuturesUnordered<_> = get_over_federation
 		.into_iter()
 		.map(|(server, vec)| async move {
-			if let Some((time, tries)) = services()
+			if let Some((time, tries)) = services
 				.globals
 				.bad_query_ratelimiter
 				.read()
@@ -357,12 +359,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_keys_helper<F: Fn(&UserId) -> bool + Send>(
 				.get(server)
 			{
 				// Exponential backoff
-				const MAX_DURATION: Duration = Duration::from_secs(60 * 60 * 24);
-				let min_elapsed_duration = cmp::min(MAX_DURATION, Duration::from_secs(5 * 60) * (*tries) * (*tries));
-
-				if time.elapsed() < min_elapsed_duration {
-					debug!("Backing off query from {:?}", server);
-					return (server, Err(Error::BadServerResponse("bad query, still backing off")));
+				const MIN: u64 = 5 * 60;
+				const MAX: u64 = 60 * 60 * 24;
+				if continue_exponential_backoff_secs(MIN, MAX, time.elapsed(), *tries) {
+					return (server, Err!(BadServerResponse("bad query from {server:?}, still backing off")));
 				}
 			}

@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_keys_helper<F: Fn(&UserId) -> bool + Send>(
 			let request = federation::keys::get_keys::v1::Request {
 				device_keys: device_keys_input_fed,
 			};
-			let response = services()
+			let response = services
 				.sending
 				.send_federation_request(server, request)
 				.await;
@@ -386,19 +386,19 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_keys_helper<F: Fn(&UserId) -> bool + Send>(
 	while let Some((server, response)) = futures.next().await {
 		if let Ok(Ok(response)) = response {
 			for (user, masterkey) in response.master_keys {
-				let (master_key_id, mut master_key) = services().users.parse_master_key(&user, &masterkey)?;
+				let (master_key_id, mut master_key) = services.users.parse_master_key(&user, &masterkey)?;

 				if let Some(our_master_key) =
-					services()
+					services
 						.users
 						.get_key(&master_key_id, sender_user, &user, &allowed_signatures)?
 				{
-					let (_, our_master_key) = services().users.parse_master_key(&user, &our_master_key)?;
+					let (_, our_master_key) = services.users.parse_master_key(&user, &our_master_key)?;
 					master_key.signatures.extend(our_master_key.signatures);
 				}
 				let json = serde_json::to_value(master_key).expect("to_value always works");
 				let raw = serde_json::from_value(json).expect("Raw::from_value always works");
-				services().users.add_cross_signing_keys(
+				services.users.add_cross_signing_keys(
 					&user, &raw, &None, &None,
 					false, /* Dont notify. A notification would trigger another key request resulting in an
 					       * endless loop */
@@ -449,14 +449,14 @@ fn add_unsigned_device_display_name(
 }

 pub(crate) async fn claim_keys_helper(
-	one_time_keys_input: &BTreeMap<OwnedUserId, BTreeMap<OwnedDeviceId, DeviceKeyAlgorithm>>,
+	services: &Services, one_time_keys_input: &BTreeMap<OwnedUserId, BTreeMap<OwnedDeviceId, DeviceKeyAlgorithm>>,
 ) -> Result<claim_keys::v3::Response> {
 	let mut one_time_keys = BTreeMap::new();

 	let mut get_over_federation = BTreeMap::new();

 	for (user_id, map) in one_time_keys_input {
-		if !user_is_local(user_id) {
+		if !services.globals.user_is_local(user_id) {
 			get_over_federation
 				.entry(user_id.server_name())
 				.or_insert_with(Vec::new)
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn claim_keys_helper(

 		let mut container = BTreeMap::new();
 		for (device_id, key_algorithm) in map {
-			if let Some(one_time_keys) = services()
+			if let Some(one_time_keys) = services
 				.users
 				.take_one_time_key(user_id, device_id, key_algorithm)?
 			{
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn claim_keys_helper(
 			}
 			(
 				server,
-				services()
+				services
 					.sending
 					.send_federation_request(
 						server,
@@ -1,10 +1,18 @@
 #![allow(deprecated)]

-use std::{io::Cursor, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
+use std::time::Duration;

-use image::io::Reader as ImgReader;
-use ipaddress::IPAddress;
-use reqwest::Url;
+use axum::extract::State;
+use axum_client_ip::InsecureClientIp;
+use conduit::{
+	debug_warn, err, error,
+	utils::{
+		self,
+		content_disposition::{content_disposition_type, make_content_disposition, sanitise_filename},
+		math::ruma_from_usize,
+	},
+	warn, Err, Error, Result,
+};
 use ruma::api::client::{
 	error::{ErrorKind, RetryAfter},
 	media::{
@@ -12,25 +20,12 @@ use ruma::api::client::{
 		get_media_preview,
 	},
 };
-use tracing::{debug, error, warn};
-use webpage::HTML;
-
-use crate::{
-	debug_warn,
-	service::{
-		media::{FileMeta, UrlPreviewData},
-		server_is_ours,
-	},
-	services,
-	utils::{
-		self,
-		content_disposition::{content_disposition_type, make_content_disposition, sanitise_filename},
-	},
-	Error, Result, Ruma, RumaResponse,
+use service::{
+	media::{FileMeta, MXC_LENGTH},
+	Services,
 };

-/// generated MXC ID (`media-id`) length
-const MXC_LENGTH: usize = 32;
+use crate::{Ruma, RumaResponse};

 /// Cache control for immutable objects
 const CACHE_CONTROL_IMMUTABLE: &str = "public,max-age=31536000,immutable";
@@ -41,10 +36,10 @@ const CORP_CROSS_ORIGIN: &str = "cross-origin";
 ///
 /// Returns max upload size.
 pub(crate) async fn get_media_config_route(
-	_body: Ruma<get_media_config::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, _body: Ruma<get_media_config::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_media_config::v3::Response> {
 	Ok(get_media_config::v3::Response {
-		upload_size: services().globals.max_request_size().into(),
+		upload_size: ruma_from_usize(services.globals.config.max_request_size),
 	})
 }

@@ -56,26 +51,34 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_media_config_route(
 ///
 /// Returns max upload size.
 pub(crate) async fn get_media_config_v1_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_media_config::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_media_config::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<RumaResponse<get_media_config::v3::Response>> {
-	get_media_config_route(body).await.map(RumaResponse)
+	get_media_config_route(State(services), body)
+		.await
+		.map(RumaResponse)
 }

 /// # `GET /_matrix/media/v3/preview_url`
 ///
 /// Returns URL preview.
+#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "url_preview")]
 pub(crate) async fn get_media_preview_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
 	body: Ruma<get_media_preview::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_media_preview::v3::Response> {
+	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
+
 	let url = &body.url;
-	if !url_preview_allowed(url) {
-		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::forbidden(), "URL is not allowed to be previewed"));
+	if !services.media.url_preview_allowed(url) {
+		return Err!(Request(Forbidden(
+			warn!(%sender_user, %url, "URL is not allowed to be previewed")
+		)));
 	}

-	match get_url_preview(url).await {
+	match services.media.get_url_preview(url).await {
 		Ok(preview) => {
 			let res = serde_json::value::to_raw_value(&preview).map_err(|e| {
-				error!("Failed to convert UrlPreviewData into a serde json value: {}", e);
+				error!(%sender_user, "Failed to convert UrlPreviewData into a serde json value: {e}");
 				Error::BadRequest(
 					ErrorKind::LimitExceeded {
 						retry_after: Some(RetryAfter::Delay(Duration::from_secs(5))),
@@ -87,8 +90,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_media_preview_route(
 			Ok(get_media_preview::v3::Response::from_raw_value(res))
 		},
 		Err(e) => {
-			warn!("Failed to generate a URL preview: {e}");
-
+			warn!(%sender_user, "Failed to generate a URL preview: {e}");
 			// there doesn't seem to be an agreed-upon error code in the spec.
 			// the only response codes in the preview_url spec page are 200 and 429.
 			Err(Error::BadRequest(
@@ -108,10 +110,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_media_preview_route(
 /// See <https://spec.matrix.org/legacy/legacy/#id27>
 ///
 /// Returns URL preview.
+#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "url_preview")]
 pub(crate) async fn get_media_preview_v1_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
 	body: Ruma<get_media_preview::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<RumaResponse<get_media_preview::v3::Response>> {
-	get_media_preview_route(body).await.map(RumaResponse)
+	get_media_preview_route(State(services), InsecureClientIp(client), body)
+		.await
+		.map(RumaResponse)
 }

 /// # `POST /_matrix/media/v3/upload`
@@ -120,18 +126,16 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_media_preview_v1_route(
 ///
 /// - Some metadata will be saved in the database
 /// - Media will be saved in the media/ directory
+#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "media_upload")]
 pub(crate) async fn create_content_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
 	body: Ruma<create_content::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<create_content::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let mxc = format!(
-		"mxc://{}/{}",
-		services().globals.server_name(),
-		utils::random_string(MXC_LENGTH)
-	);
+	let mxc = format!("mxc://{}/{}", services.globals.server_name(), utils::random_string(MXC_LENGTH));

-	services()
+	services
 		.media
 		.create(
 			Some(sender_user.clone()),
@@ -167,10 +171,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_content_route(
 ///
 /// - Some metadata will be saved in the database
 /// - Media will be saved in the media/ directory
+#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "media_upload")]
 pub(crate) async fn create_content_v1_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
 	body: Ruma<create_content::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<RumaResponse<create_content::v3::Response>> {
-	create_content_route(body).await.map(RumaResponse)
+	create_content_route(State(services), InsecureClientIp(client), body)
+		.await
+		.map(RumaResponse)
 }

 /// # `GET /_matrix/media/v3/download/{serverName}/{mediaId}`
@@ -181,16 +189,21 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_content_v1_route(
 /// - Only redirects if `allow_redirect` is true
 /// - Uses client-provided `timeout_ms` if available, else defaults to 20
 ///   seconds
-pub(crate) async fn get_content_route(body: Ruma<get_content::v3::Request>) -> Result<get_content::v3::Response> {
+#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "media_get")]
+pub(crate) async fn get_content_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
+	body: Ruma<get_content::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<get_content::v3::Response> {
 	let mxc = format!("mxc://{}/{}", body.server_name, body.media_id);

 	if let Some(FileMeta {
+		content,
 		content_type,
-		file,
 		content_disposition,
-	}) = services().media.get(&mxc).await?
+	}) = services.media.get(&mxc).await?
 	{
 		let content_disposition = Some(make_content_disposition(&content_type, content_disposition, None));
+		let file = content.expect("content");

 		Ok(get_content::v3::Response {
 			file,
@@ -199,8 +212,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_route(body: Ruma<get_content::v3::Request>) -> R
 			cross_origin_resource_policy: Some(CORP_CROSS_ORIGIN.to_owned()),
 			cache_control: Some(CACHE_CONTROL_IMMUTABLE.into()),
 		})
-	} else if !server_is_ours(&body.server_name) && body.allow_remote {
+	} else if !services.globals.server_is_ours(&body.server_name) && body.allow_remote {
 		let response = get_remote_content(
+			&services,
 			&mxc,
 			&body.server_name,
 			body.media_id.clone(),
@@ -208,10 +222,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_route(body: Ruma<get_content::v3::Request>) -> R
 			body.timeout_ms,
 		)
 		.await
-		.map_err(|e| {
-			debug_warn!("Fetching media `{}` failed: {:?}", mxc, e);
-			Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Remote media error.")
-		})?;
+		.map_err(|e| err!(Request(NotFound(debug_warn!("Fetching media `{mxc}` failed: {e:?}")))))?;

 		let content_disposition = Some(make_content_disposition(
 			&response.content_type,
@@ -227,7 +238,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_route(body: Ruma<get_content::v3::Request>) -> R
 			cache_control: Some(CACHE_CONTROL_IMMUTABLE.to_owned()),
 		})
 	} else {
-		Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Media not found."))
+		Err!(Request(NotFound("Media not found.")))
 	}
 }

@@ -243,10 +254,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_route(body: Ruma<get_content::v3::Request>) -> R
 /// - Only redirects if `allow_redirect` is true
 /// - Uses client-provided `timeout_ms` if available, else defaults to 20
 ///   seconds
+#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "media_get")]
 pub(crate) async fn get_content_v1_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
 	body: Ruma<get_content::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<RumaResponse<get_content::v3::Response>> {
-	get_content_route(body).await.map(RumaResponse)
+	get_content_route(State(services), InsecureClientIp(client), body)
+		.await
+		.map(RumaResponse)
 }

 /// # `GET /_matrix/media/v3/download/{serverName}/{mediaId}/{fileName}`
@@ -257,16 +272,18 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_v1_route(
 /// - Only redirects if `allow_redirect` is true
 /// - Uses client-provided `timeout_ms` if available, else defaults to 20
 ///   seconds
+#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "media_get")]
 pub(crate) async fn get_content_as_filename_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
 	body: Ruma<get_content_as_filename::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_content_as_filename::v3::Response> {
 	let mxc = format!("mxc://{}/{}", body.server_name, body.media_id);

 	if let Some(FileMeta {
+		content,
 		content_type,
-		file,
 		content_disposition,
-	}) = services().media.get(&mxc).await?
+	}) = services.media.get(&mxc).await?
 	{
 		let content_disposition = Some(make_content_disposition(
 			&content_type,
@@ -274,6 +291,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_as_filename_route(
 			Some(body.filename.clone()),
 		));

+		let file = content.expect("content");
 		Ok(get_content_as_filename::v3::Response {
 			file,
 			content_type,
@@ -281,8 +299,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_as_filename_route(
 			cross_origin_resource_policy: Some(CORP_CROSS_ORIGIN.to_owned()),
 			cache_control: Some(CACHE_CONTROL_IMMUTABLE.into()),
 		})
-	} else if !server_is_ours(&body.server_name) && body.allow_remote {
+	} else if !services.globals.server_is_ours(&body.server_name) && body.allow_remote {
 		match get_remote_content(
+			&services,
 			&mxc,
 			&body.server_name,
 			body.media_id.clone(),
@@ -306,13 +325,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_as_filename_route(
 					cache_control: Some(CACHE_CONTROL_IMMUTABLE.into()),
 				})
 			},
-			Err(e) => {
-				debug_warn!("Fetching media `{}` failed: {:?}", mxc, e);
-				Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Remote media error."))
-			},
+			Err(e) => Err!(Request(NotFound(debug_warn!("Fetching media `{mxc}` failed: {e:?}")))),
 		}
 	} else {
-		Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Media not found."))
+		Err!(Request(NotFound("Media not found.")))
 	}
 }

@@ -328,10 +344,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_as_filename_route(
 /// - Only redirects if `allow_redirect` is true
 /// - Uses client-provided `timeout_ms` if available, else defaults to 20
 ///   seconds
+#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "media_get")]
 pub(crate) async fn get_content_as_filename_v1_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
 	body: Ruma<get_content_as_filename::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<RumaResponse<get_content_as_filename::v3::Response>> {
-	get_content_as_filename_route(body).await.map(RumaResponse)
+	get_content_as_filename_route(State(services), InsecureClientIp(client), body)
+		.await
+		.map(RumaResponse)
 }

 /// # `GET /_matrix/media/v3/thumbnail/{serverName}/{mediaId}`
@@ -342,29 +362,32 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_as_filename_v1_route(
 /// - Only redirects if `allow_redirect` is true
 /// - Uses client-provided `timeout_ms` if available, else defaults to 20
 ///   seconds
+#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "media_thumbnail_get")]
 pub(crate) async fn get_content_thumbnail_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
 	body: Ruma<get_content_thumbnail::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_content_thumbnail::v3::Response> {
 	let mxc = format!("mxc://{}/{}", body.server_name, body.media_id);

 	if let Some(FileMeta {
+		content,
 		content_type,
-		file,
 		content_disposition,
-	}) = services()
+	}) = services
 		.media
 		.get_thumbnail(
 			&mxc,
 			body.width
 				.try_into()
-				.map_err(|_| Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::InvalidParam, "Width is invalid."))?,
+				.map_err(|e| err!(Request(InvalidParam("Width is invalid: {e:?}"))))?,
 			body.height
 				.try_into()
-				.map_err(|_| Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::InvalidParam, "Height is invalid."))?,
+				.map_err(|e| err!(Request(InvalidParam("Height is invalid: {e:?}"))))?,
 		)
 		.await?
 	{
 		let content_disposition = Some(make_content_disposition(&content_type, content_disposition, None));
+		let file = content.expect("content");

 		Ok(get_content_thumbnail::v3::Response {
 			file,
@@ -373,8 +396,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_thumbnail_route(
 			cache_control: Some(CACHE_CONTROL_IMMUTABLE.into()),
 			content_disposition,
 		})
-	} else if !server_is_ours(&body.server_name) && body.allow_remote {
-		if services()
+	} else if !services.globals.server_is_ours(&body.server_name) && body.allow_remote {
+		if services
 			.globals
 			.prevent_media_downloads_from()
 			.contains(&body.server_name)
@@ -382,10 +405,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_thumbnail_route(
 			// we'll lie to the client and say the blocked server's media was not found and
 			// log. the client has no way of telling anyways so this is a security bonus.
 			debug_warn!("Received request for media `{}` on blocklisted server", mxc);
-			return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Media not found."));
+			return Err!(Request(NotFound("Media not found.")));
 		}

-		match services()
+		match services
 			.sending
 			.send_federation_request(
 				&body.server_name,
@@ -404,7 +427,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_thumbnail_route(
 			.await
 		{
 			Ok(get_thumbnail_response) => {
-				services()
+				services
 					.media
 					.upload_thumbnail(
 						None,
@@ -431,13 +454,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_thumbnail_route(
 					content_disposition,
 				})
 			},
-			Err(e) => {
-				debug_warn!("Fetching media `{}` failed: {:?}", mxc, e);
-				Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Remote media error."))
-			},
+			Err(e) => Err!(Request(NotFound(debug_warn!("Fetching media `{mxc}` failed: {e:?}")))),
 		}
 	} else {
-		Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Media not found."))
+		Err!(Request(NotFound("Media not found.")))
 	}
 }

@@ -453,16 +473,21 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_content_thumbnail_route(
 /// - Only redirects if `allow_redirect` is true
 /// - Uses client-provided `timeout_ms` if available, else defaults to 20
 ///   seconds
+#[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "media_thumbnail_get")]
 pub(crate) async fn get_content_thumbnail_v1_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
 	body: Ruma<get_content_thumbnail::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<RumaResponse<get_content_thumbnail::v3::Response>> {
-	get_content_thumbnail_route(body).await.map(RumaResponse)
+	get_content_thumbnail_route(State(services), InsecureClientIp(client), body)
+		.await
+		.map(RumaResponse)
 }

 async fn get_remote_content(
-	mxc: &str, server_name: &ruma::ServerName, media_id: String, allow_redirect: bool, timeout_ms: Duration,
+	services: &Services, mxc: &str, server_name: &ruma::ServerName, media_id: String, allow_redirect: bool,
+	timeout_ms: Duration,
 ) -> Result<get_content::v3::Response, Error> {
-	if services()
+	if services
 		.globals
 		.prevent_media_downloads_from()
 		.contains(&server_name.to_owned())
@@ -470,10 +495,10 @@ async fn get_remote_content(
 		// we'll lie to the client and say the blocked server's media was not found and
 		// log. the client has no way of telling anyways so this is a security bonus.
 		debug_warn!("Received request for media `{mxc}` on blocklisted server");
-		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Media not found."));
+		return Err!(Request(NotFound("Media not found.")));
 	}

-	let content_response = services()
+	let content_response = services
 		.sending
 		.send_federation_request(
 			server_name,
@@ -493,7 +518,7 @@ async fn get_remote_content(
 		None,
 	));

-	services()
+	services
 		.media
 		.create(
 			None,
@@ -512,235 +537,3 @@ async fn get_remote_content(
 		cache_control: Some(CACHE_CONTROL_IMMUTABLE.to_owned()),
 	})
 }
-
-async fn download_image(client: &reqwest::Client, url: &str) -> Result<UrlPreviewData> {
-	let image = client.get(url).send().await?.bytes().await?;
-	let mxc = format!(
-		"mxc://{}/{}",
-		services().globals.server_name(),
-		utils::random_string(MXC_LENGTH)
-	);
-
-	services()
-		.media
-		.create(None, &mxc, None, None, &image)
-		.await?;
-
-	let (width, height) = match ImgReader::new(Cursor::new(&image)).with_guessed_format() {
-		Err(_) => (None, None),
-		Ok(reader) => match reader.into_dimensions() {
-			Err(_) => (None, None),
-			Ok((width, height)) => (Some(width), Some(height)),
-		},
-	};
-
-	Ok(UrlPreviewData {
-		image: Some(mxc),
-		image_size: Some(image.len()),
-		image_width: width,
-		image_height: height,
-		..Default::default()
-	})
-}
-
-async fn download_html(client: &reqwest::Client, url: &str) -> Result<UrlPreviewData> {
-	let mut response = client.get(url).send().await?;
-
-	let mut bytes: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-	while let Some(chunk) = response.chunk().await? {
-		bytes.extend_from_slice(&chunk);
-		if bytes.len() > services().globals.url_preview_max_spider_size() {
-			debug!(
-				"Response body from URL {} exceeds url_preview_max_spider_size ({}), not processing the rest of the \
-				 response body and assuming our necessary data is in this range.",
-				url,
-				services().globals.url_preview_max_spider_size()
-			);
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-	let body = String::from_utf8_lossy(&bytes);
-	let Ok(html) = HTML::from_string(body.to_string(), Some(url.to_owned())) else {
-		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::Unknown, "Failed to parse HTML"));
-	};
-
-	let mut data = match html.opengraph.images.first() {
-		None => UrlPreviewData::default(),
-		Some(obj) => download_image(client, &obj.url).await?,
-	};
-
-	let props = html.opengraph.properties;
-
-	/* use OpenGraph title/description, but fall back to HTML if not available */
-	data.title = props.get("title").cloned().or(html.title);
-	data.description = props.get("description").cloned().or(html.description);
-
-	Ok(data)
-}
-
-async fn request_url_preview(url: &str) -> Result<UrlPreviewData> {
-	if let Ok(ip) = IPAddress::parse(url) {
-		if !services().globals.valid_cidr_range(&ip) {
-			return Err(Error::BadServerResponse("Requesting from this address is forbidden"));
-		}
-	}
-
-	let client = &services().globals.client.url_preview;
-	let response = client.head(url).send().await?;
-
-	if let Some(remote_addr) = response.remote_addr() {
-		if let Ok(ip) = IPAddress::parse(remote_addr.ip().to_string()) {
-			if !services().globals.valid_cidr_range(&ip) {
-				return Err(Error::BadServerResponse("Requesting from this address is forbidden"));
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	let Some(content_type) = response
-		.headers()
-		.get(reqwest::header::CONTENT_TYPE)
-		.and_then(|x| x.to_str().ok())
-	else {
-		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::Unknown, "Unknown Content-Type"));
-	};
-	let data = match content_type {
-		html if html.starts_with("text/html") => download_html(client, url).await?,
-		img if img.starts_with("image/") => download_image(client, url).await?,
-		_ => return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::Unknown, "Unsupported Content-Type")),
-	};
-
-	services().media.set_url_preview(url, &data).await?;
-
-	Ok(data)
-}
-
-async fn get_url_preview(url: &str) -> Result<UrlPreviewData> {
-	if let Some(preview) = services().media.get_url_preview(url).await {
-		return Ok(preview);
-	}
-
-	// ensure that only one request is made per URL
-	let mutex_request = Arc::clone(
-		services()
-			.media
-			.url_preview_mutex
-			.write()
-			.await
-			.entry(url.to_owned())
-			.or_default(),
-	);
-	let _request_lock = mutex_request.lock().await;
-
-	match services().media.get_url_preview(url).await {
-		Some(preview) => Ok(preview),
-		None => request_url_preview(url).await,
-	}
-}
-
-fn url_preview_allowed(url_str: &str) -> bool {
-	let url: Url = match Url::parse(url_str) {
-		Ok(u) => u,
-		Err(e) => {
-			warn!("Failed to parse URL from a str: {}", e);
-			return false;
-		},
-	};
-
-	if ["http", "https"]
-		.iter()
-		.all(|&scheme| scheme != url.scheme().to_lowercase())
-	{
-		debug!("Ignoring non-HTTP/HTTPS URL to preview: {}", url);
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	let host = match url.host_str() {
-		None => {
-			debug!("Ignoring URL preview for a URL that does not have a host (?): {}", url);
-			return false;
-		},
-		Some(h) => h.to_owned(),
-	};
-
-	let allowlist_domain_contains = services().globals.url_preview_domain_contains_allowlist();
-	let allowlist_domain_explicit = services().globals.url_preview_domain_explicit_allowlist();
-	let denylist_domain_explicit = services().globals.url_preview_domain_explicit_denylist();
-	let allowlist_url_contains = services().globals.url_preview_url_contains_allowlist();
-
-	if allowlist_domain_contains.contains(&"*".to_owned())
-		|| allowlist_domain_explicit.contains(&"*".to_owned())
-		|| allowlist_url_contains.contains(&"*".to_owned())
-	{
-		debug!("Config key contains * which is allowing all URL previews. Allowing URL {}", url);
-		return true;
-	}
-
-	if !host.is_empty() {
-		if denylist_domain_explicit.contains(&host) {
-			debug!(
-				"Host {} is not allowed by url_preview_domain_explicit_denylist (check 1/4)",
-				&host
-			);
-			return false;
-		}
-
-		if allowlist_domain_explicit.contains(&host) {
-			debug!("Host {} is allowed by url_preview_domain_explicit_allowlist (check 2/4)", &host);
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		if allowlist_domain_contains
-			.iter()
-			.any(|domain_s| domain_s.contains(&host.clone()))
-		{
-			debug!("Host {} is allowed by url_preview_domain_contains_allowlist (check 3/4)", &host);
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		if allowlist_url_contains
-			.iter()
-			.any(|url_s| url.to_string().contains(&url_s.to_string()))
-		{
-			debug!("URL {} is allowed by url_preview_url_contains_allowlist (check 4/4)", &host);
-			return true;
-		}
-
-		// check root domain if available and if user has root domain checks
-		if services().globals.url_preview_check_root_domain() {
-			debug!("Checking root domain");
-			match host.split_once('.') {
-				None => return false,
-				Some((_, root_domain)) => {
-					if denylist_domain_explicit.contains(&root_domain.to_owned()) {
-						debug!(
-							"Root domain {} is not allowed by url_preview_domain_explicit_denylist (check 1/3)",
-							&root_domain
-						);
-						return true;
-					}
-
-					if allowlist_domain_explicit.contains(&root_domain.to_owned()) {
-						debug!(
-							"Root domain {} is allowed by url_preview_domain_explicit_allowlist (check 2/3)",
-							&root_domain
-						);
-						return true;
-					}
-
-					if allowlist_domain_contains
-						.iter()
-						.any(|domain_s| domain_s.contains(&root_domain.to_owned()))
-					{
-						debug!(
-							"Root domain {} is allowed by url_preview_domain_contains_allowlist (check 3/3)",
-							&root_domain
-						);
-						return true;
-					}
-				},
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	false
-}
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::collections::{BTreeMap, HashSet};

+use axum::extract::State;
 use conduit::PduCount;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{
@@ -12,7 +13,10 @@ use ruma::{
 };
 use serde_json::{from_str, Value};

-use crate::{service::pdu::PduBuilder, services, utils, Error, PduEvent, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{
+	service::{pdu::PduBuilder, Services},
+	utils, Error, PduEvent, Result, Ruma,
+};

 /// # `PUT /_matrix/client/v3/rooms/{roomId}/send/{eventType}/{txnId}`
 ///
@@ -24,25 +28,19 @@ use crate::{service::pdu::PduBuilder, services, utils, Error, PduEvent, Result,
 /// - Tries to send the event into the room, auth rules will determine if it is
 ///   allowed
 pub(crate) async fn send_message_event_route(
-	body: Ruma<send_message_event::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<send_message_event::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<send_message_event::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
 	let sender_device = body.sender_device.as_deref();

-	let state_lock = services()
-		.globals
-		.roomid_mutex_state
-		.lock(&body.room_id)
-		.await;
+	let state_lock = services.rooms.state.mutex.lock(&body.room_id).await;

 	// Forbid m.room.encrypted if encryption is disabled
-	if MessageLikeEventType::RoomEncrypted == body.event_type && !services().globals.allow_encryption() {
+	if MessageLikeEventType::RoomEncrypted == body.event_type && !services.globals.allow_encryption() {
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::forbidden(), "Encryption has been disabled"));
 	}

-	if body.event_type == MessageLikeEventType::CallInvite
-		&& services().rooms.directory.is_public_room(&body.room_id)?
-	{
+	if body.event_type == MessageLikeEventType::CallInvite && services.rooms.directory.is_public_room(&body.room_id)? {
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(
 			ErrorKind::forbidden(),
 			"Room call invites are not allowed in public rooms",
@@ -50,7 +48,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_message_event_route(
 	}

 	// Check if this is a new transaction id
-	if let Some(response) = services()
+	if let Some(response) = services
 		.transaction_ids
 		.existing_txnid(sender_user, sender_device, &body.txn_id)?
 	{
@@ -75,7 +73,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_message_event_route(
 	let mut unsigned = BTreeMap::new();
 	unsigned.insert("transaction_id".to_owned(), body.txn_id.to_string().into());

-	let event_id = services()
+	let event_id = services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.build_and_append_pdu(
@@ -93,7 +91,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_message_event_route(
 		)
 		.await?;

-	services()
+	services
 		.transaction_ids
 		.add_txnid(sender_user, sender_device, &body.txn_id, event_id.as_bytes())?;

@@ -109,7 +107,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_message_event_route(
 /// - Only works if the user is joined (TODO: always allow, but only show events
 ///   where the user was joined, depending on `history_visibility`)
 pub(crate) async fn get_message_events_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_message_events::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_message_events::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_message_events::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
 	let sender_device = body.sender_device.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@@ -127,7 +125,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_message_events_route(
 		.as_ref()
 		.and_then(|t| PduCount::try_from_string(t).ok());

-	services()
+	services
 		.rooms
 		.lazy_loading
 		.lazy_load_confirm_delivery(sender_user, sender_device, &body.room_id, from)
@@ -143,12 +141,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_message_events_route(

 	match body.dir {
 		ruma::api::Direction::Forward => {
-			let events_after: Vec<_> = services()
+			let events_after: Vec<_> = services
 				.rooms
 				.timeline
 				.pdus_after(sender_user, &body.room_id, from)?
 				.filter_map(Result::ok) // Filter out buggy events
-				.filter(|(_, pdu)| { contains_url_filter(pdu, &body.filter) && visibility_filter(pdu, sender_user, &body.room_id)
+				.filter(|(_, pdu)| { contains_url_filter(pdu, &body.filter) && visibility_filter(&services, pdu, sender_user, &body.room_id)

 				})
 				.take_while(|&(k, _)| Some(k) != to) // Stop at `to`
@@ -161,7 +159,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_message_events_route(
 				 * https://github.com/vector-im/element-web/issues/21034
 				 */
 				if !cfg!(feature = "element_hacks")
-					&& !services().rooms.lazy_loading.lazy_load_was_sent_before(
+					&& !services.rooms.lazy_loading.lazy_load_was_sent_before(
 						sender_user,
 						sender_device,
 						&body.room_id,
@@ -185,17 +183,17 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_message_events_route(
 			resp.chunk = events_after;
 		},
 		ruma::api::Direction::Backward => {
-			services()
+			services
 				.rooms
 				.timeline
 				.backfill_if_required(&body.room_id, from)
 				.await?;
-			let events_before: Vec<_> = services()
+			let events_before: Vec<_> = services
 				.rooms
 				.timeline
 				.pdus_until(sender_user, &body.room_id, from)?
 				.filter_map(Result::ok) // Filter out buggy events
-				.filter(|(_, pdu)| {contains_url_filter(pdu, &body.filter) && visibility_filter(pdu, sender_user, &body.room_id)})
+				.filter(|(_, pdu)| {contains_url_filter(pdu, &body.filter) && visibility_filter(&services, pdu, sender_user, &body.room_id)})
 				.take_while(|&(k, _)| Some(k) != to) // Stop at `to`
 				.take(limit)
 				.collect();
@@ -206,7 +204,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_message_events_route(
 				 * https://github.com/vector-im/element-web/issues/21034
 				 */
 				if !cfg!(feature = "element_hacks")
-					&& !services().rooms.lazy_loading.lazy_load_was_sent_before(
+					&& !services.rooms.lazy_loading.lazy_load_was_sent_before(
 						sender_user,
 						sender_device,
 						&body.room_id,
@@ -233,11 +231,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_message_events_route(

 	resp.state = Vec::new();
 	for ll_id in &lazy_loaded {
-		if let Some(member_event) = services().rooms.state_accessor.room_state_get(
-			&body.room_id,
-			&StateEventType::RoomMember,
-			ll_id.as_str(),
-		)? {
+		if let Some(member_event) =
+			services
+				.rooms
+				.state_accessor
+				.room_state_get(&body.room_id, &StateEventType::RoomMember, ll_id.as_str())?
+		{
 			resp.state.push(member_event.to_state_event());
 		}
 	}
@@ -245,7 +244,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_message_events_route(
 	// remove the feature check when we are sure clients like element can handle it
 	if !cfg!(feature = "element_hacks") {
 		if let Some(next_token) = next_token {
-			services()
+			services
 				.rooms
 				.lazy_loading
 				.lazy_load_mark_sent(sender_user, sender_device, &body.room_id, lazy_loaded, next_token)
@@ -256,8 +255,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_message_events_route(
 	Ok(resp)
 }

-fn visibility_filter(pdu: &PduEvent, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> bool {
-	services()
+fn visibility_filter(services: &Services, pdu: &PduEvent, user_id: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId) -> bool {
+	services
 		.rooms
 		.state_accessor
 		.user_can_see_event(user_id, room_id, &pdu.event_id)
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::time::Duration;

+use axum::extract::State;
 use conduit::utils;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{account, error::ErrorKind},
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@ use ruma::{
 };

 use super::TOKEN_LENGTH;
-use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{Error, Result, Ruma};

 /// # `POST /_matrix/client/v3/user/{userId}/openid/request_token`
 ///
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
 ///
 /// - The token generated is only valid for the OpenID API
 pub(crate) async fn create_openid_token_route(
-	body: Ruma<account::request_openid_token::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<account::request_openid_token::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<account::request_openid_token::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

@@ -28,14 +29,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_openid_token_route(

 	let access_token = utils::random_string(TOKEN_LENGTH);

-	let expires_in = services()
+	let expires_in = services
 		.users
 		.create_openid_token(&body.user_id, &access_token)?;

 	Ok(account::request_openid_token::v3::Response {
 		access_token,
 		token_type: TokenType::Bearer,
-		matrix_server_name: services().globals.config.server_name.clone(),
+		matrix_server_name: services.globals.config.server_name.clone(),
 		expires_in: Duration::from_secs(expires_in),
 	})
 }
@@ -1,22 +1,32 @@
 use std::time::Duration;

+use axum::extract::State;
 use ruma::api::client::{
 	error::ErrorKind,
 	presence::{get_presence, set_presence},
 };

-use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{Error, Result, Ruma};

 /// # `PUT /_matrix/client/r0/presence/{userId}/status`
 ///
 /// Sets the presence state of the sender user.
-pub(crate) async fn set_presence_route(body: Ruma<set_presence::v3::Request>) -> Result<set_presence::v3::Response> {
-	if !services().globals.allow_local_presence() {
+pub(crate) async fn set_presence_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<set_presence::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<set_presence::v3::Response> {
+	if !services.globals.allow_local_presence() {
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::forbidden(), "Presence is disabled on this server"));
 	}

 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
-	services()
+	if sender_user != &body.user_id && body.appservice_info.is_none() {
+		return Err(Error::BadRequest(
+			ErrorKind::InvalidParam,
+			"Not allowed to set presence of other users",
+		));
+	}
+
+	services
 		.presence
 		.set_presence(sender_user, &body.presence, None, None, body.status_msg.clone())?;

@@ -28,8 +38,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_presence_route(body: Ruma<set_presence::v3::Request>) ->
 /// Gets the presence state of the given user.
 ///
 /// - Only works if you share a room with the user
-pub(crate) async fn get_presence_route(body: Ruma<get_presence::v3::Request>) -> Result<get_presence::v3::Response> {
-	if !services().globals.allow_local_presence() {
+pub(crate) async fn get_presence_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_presence::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<get_presence::v3::Response> {
+	if !services.globals.allow_local_presence() {
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::forbidden(), "Presence is disabled on this server"));
 	}

@@ -37,12 +49,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_presence_route(body: Ruma<get_presence::v3::Request>) ->

 	let mut presence_event = None;

-	for _room_id in services()
+	for _room_id in services
 		.rooms
 		.user
 		.get_shared_rooms(vec![sender_user.clone(), body.user_id.clone()])?
 	{
-		if let Some(presence) = services().presence.get_presence(&body.user_id)? {
+		if let Some(presence) = services.presence.get_presence(&body.user_id)? {
 			presence_event = Some(presence);
 			break;
 		}
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+use axum::extract::State;
+use conduit::{pdu::PduBuilder, warn, Error, Result};
 use ruma::{
 	api::{
 		client::{
@@ -11,12 +13,9 @@ use ruma::{
 	OwnedMxcUri, OwnedRoomId, OwnedUserId,
 };
 use serde_json::value::to_raw_value;
-use tracing::warn;
+use service::Services;

-use crate::{
-	service::{pdu::PduBuilder, user_is_local},
-	services, Error, Result, Ruma,
-};
+use crate::Ruma;

 /// # `PUT /_matrix/client/r0/profile/{userId}/displayname`
 ///
@@ -24,21 +23,21 @@ use crate::{
 ///
 /// - Also makes sure other users receive the update using presence EDUs
 pub(crate) async fn set_displayname_route(
-	body: Ruma<set_display_name::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<set_display_name::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<set_display_name::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
-	let all_joined_rooms: Vec<OwnedRoomId> = services()
+	let all_joined_rooms: Vec<OwnedRoomId> = services
 		.rooms
 		.state_cache
 		.rooms_joined(sender_user)
 		.filter_map(Result::ok)
 		.collect();

-	update_displayname(sender_user.clone(), body.displayname.clone(), all_joined_rooms).await?;
+	update_displayname(&services, sender_user.clone(), body.displayname.clone(), all_joined_rooms).await?;

-	if services().globals.allow_local_presence() {
+	if services.globals.allow_local_presence() {
 		// Presence update
-		services()
+		services
 			.presence
 			.ping_presence(sender_user, &PresenceState::Online)?;
 	}
@@ -53,11 +52,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_displayname_route(
 /// - If user is on another server and we do not have a local copy already fetch
 ///   displayname over federation
 pub(crate) async fn get_displayname_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_display_name::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_display_name::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_display_name::v3::Response> {
-	if !user_is_local(&body.user_id) {
+	if !services.globals.user_is_local(&body.user_id) {
 		// Create and update our local copy of the user
-		if let Ok(response) = services()
+		if let Ok(response) = services
 			.sending
 			.send_federation_request(
 				body.user_id.server_name(),
@@ -68,19 +67,19 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_displayname_route(
 			)
 			.await
 		{
-			if !services().users.exists(&body.user_id)? {
-				services().users.create(&body.user_id, None)?;
+			if !services.users.exists(&body.user_id)? {
+				services.users.create(&body.user_id, None)?;
 			}

-			services()
+			services
 				.users
 				.set_displayname(&body.user_id, response.displayname.clone())
 				.await?;
-			services()
+			services
 				.users
 				.set_avatar_url(&body.user_id, response.avatar_url.clone())
 				.await?;
-			services()
+			services
 				.users
 				.set_blurhash(&body.user_id, response.blurhash.clone())
 				.await?;
@@ -91,14 +90,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_displayname_route(
 		}
 	}

-	if !services().users.exists(&body.user_id)? {
+	if !services.users.exists(&body.user_id)? {
 		// Return 404 if this user doesn't exist and we couldn't fetch it over
 		// federation
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Profile was not found."));
 	}

 	Ok(get_display_name::v3::Response {
-		displayname: services().users.displayname(&body.user_id)?,
+		displayname: services.users.displayname(&body.user_id)?,
 	})
 }

@@ -108,10 +107,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_displayname_route(
 ///
 /// - Also makes sure other users receive the update using presence EDUs
 pub(crate) async fn set_avatar_url_route(
-	body: Ruma<set_avatar_url::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<set_avatar_url::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<set_avatar_url::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
-	let all_joined_rooms: Vec<OwnedRoomId> = services()
+	let all_joined_rooms: Vec<OwnedRoomId> = services
 		.rooms
 		.state_cache
 		.rooms_joined(sender_user)
@@ -119,6 +118,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_avatar_url_route(
 		.collect();

 	update_avatar_url(
+		&services,
 		sender_user.clone(),
 		body.avatar_url.clone(),
 		body.blurhash.clone(),
@@ -126,9 +126,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_avatar_url_route(
 	)
 	.await?;

-	if services().globals.allow_local_presence() {
+	if services.globals.allow_local_presence() {
 		// Presence update
-		services()
+		services
 			.presence
 			.ping_presence(sender_user, &PresenceState::Online)?;
 	}
@@ -143,11 +143,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_avatar_url_route(
 /// - If user is on another server and we do not have a local copy already fetch
 ///   `avatar_url` and blurhash over federation
 pub(crate) async fn get_avatar_url_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_avatar_url::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_avatar_url::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_avatar_url::v3::Response> {
-	if !user_is_local(&body.user_id) {
+	if !services.globals.user_is_local(&body.user_id) {
 		// Create and update our local copy of the user
-		if let Ok(response) = services()
+		if let Ok(response) = services
 			.sending
 			.send_federation_request(
 				body.user_id.server_name(),
@@ -158,19 +158,19 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_avatar_url_route(
 			)
 			.await
 		{
-			if !services().users.exists(&body.user_id)? {
-				services().users.create(&body.user_id, None)?;
+			if !services.users.exists(&body.user_id)? {
+				services.users.create(&body.user_id, None)?;
 			}

-			services()
+			services
 				.users
 				.set_displayname(&body.user_id, response.displayname.clone())
 				.await?;
-			services()
+			services
 				.users
 				.set_avatar_url(&body.user_id, response.avatar_url.clone())
 				.await?;
-			services()
+			services
 				.users
 				.set_blurhash(&body.user_id, response.blurhash.clone())
 				.await?;
@@ -182,15 +182,15 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_avatar_url_route(
 		}
 	}

-	if !services().users.exists(&body.user_id)? {
+	if !services.users.exists(&body.user_id)? {
 		// Return 404 if this user doesn't exist and we couldn't fetch it over
 		// federation
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Profile was not found."));
 	}

 	Ok(get_avatar_url::v3::Response {
-		avatar_url: services().users.avatar_url(&body.user_id)?,
-		blurhash: services().users.blurhash(&body.user_id)?,
+		avatar_url: services.users.avatar_url(&body.user_id)?,
+		blurhash: services.users.blurhash(&body.user_id)?,
 	})
 }

@@ -200,10 +200,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_avatar_url_route(
 ///
 /// - If user is on another server and we do not have a local copy already,
 ///   fetch profile over federation.
-pub(crate) async fn get_profile_route(body: Ruma<get_profile::v3::Request>) -> Result<get_profile::v3::Response> {
-	if !user_is_local(&body.user_id) {
+pub(crate) async fn get_profile_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_profile::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<get_profile::v3::Response> {
+	if !services.globals.user_is_local(&body.user_id) {
 		// Create and update our local copy of the user
-		if let Ok(response) = services()
+		if let Ok(response) = services
 			.sending
 			.send_federation_request(
 				body.user_id.server_name(),
@@ -214,19 +216,19 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_profile_route(body: Ruma<get_profile::v3::Request>) -> R
 			)
 			.await
 		{
-			if !services().users.exists(&body.user_id)? {
-				services().users.create(&body.user_id, None)?;
+			if !services.users.exists(&body.user_id)? {
+				services.users.create(&body.user_id, None)?;
 			}

-			services()
+			services
 				.users
 				.set_displayname(&body.user_id, response.displayname.clone())
 				.await?;
-			services()
+			services
 				.users
 				.set_avatar_url(&body.user_id, response.avatar_url.clone())
 				.await?;
-			services()
+			services
 				.users
 				.set_blurhash(&body.user_id, response.blurhash.clone())
 				.await?;
@@ -239,23 +241,23 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_profile_route(body: Ruma<get_profile::v3::Request>) -> R
 		}
 	}

-	if !services().users.exists(&body.user_id)? {
+	if !services.users.exists(&body.user_id)? {
 		// Return 404 if this user doesn't exist and we couldn't fetch it over
 		// federation
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Profile was not found."));
 	}

 	Ok(get_profile::v3::Response {
-		avatar_url: services().users.avatar_url(&body.user_id)?,
-		blurhash: services().users.blurhash(&body.user_id)?,
-		displayname: services().users.displayname(&body.user_id)?,
+		avatar_url: services.users.avatar_url(&body.user_id)?,
+		blurhash: services.users.blurhash(&body.user_id)?,
+		displayname: services.users.displayname(&body.user_id)?,
 	})
 }

 pub async fn update_displayname(
-	user_id: OwnedUserId, displayname: Option<String>, all_joined_rooms: Vec<OwnedRoomId>,
+	services: &Services, user_id: OwnedUserId, displayname: Option<String>, all_joined_rooms: Vec<OwnedRoomId>,
 ) -> Result<()> {
-	services()
+	services
 		.users
 		.set_displayname(&user_id, displayname.clone())
 		.await?;
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@ pub async fn update_displayname(
 						displayname: displayname.clone(),
 						join_authorized_via_users_server: None,
 						..serde_json::from_str(
-							services()
+							services
 								.rooms
 								.state_accessor
 								.room_state_get(room_id, &StateEventType::RoomMember, user_id.as_str())?
@@ -294,19 +296,20 @@ pub async fn update_displayname(
 		.filter_map(Result::ok)
 		.collect();

-	update_all_rooms(all_joined_rooms, user_id).await;
+	update_all_rooms(services, all_joined_rooms, user_id).await;

 	Ok(())
 }

 pub async fn update_avatar_url(
-	user_id: OwnedUserId, avatar_url: Option<OwnedMxcUri>, blurhash: Option<String>, all_joined_rooms: Vec<OwnedRoomId>,
+	services: &Services, user_id: OwnedUserId, avatar_url: Option<OwnedMxcUri>, blurhash: Option<String>,
+	all_joined_rooms: Vec<OwnedRoomId>,
 ) -> Result<()> {
-	services()
+	services
 		.users
 		.set_avatar_url(&user_id, avatar_url.clone())
 		.await?;
-	services()
+	services
 		.users
 		.set_blurhash(&user_id, blurhash.clone())
 		.await?;
@@ -323,7 +326,7 @@ pub async fn update_avatar_url(
 						blurhash: blurhash.clone(),
 						join_authorized_via_users_server: None,
 						..serde_json::from_str(
-							services()
+							services
 								.rooms
 								.state_accessor
 								.room_state_get(room_id, &StateEventType::RoomMember, user_id.as_str())?
@@ -346,15 +349,17 @@ pub async fn update_avatar_url(
 		.filter_map(Result::ok)
 		.collect();

-	update_all_rooms(all_joined_rooms, user_id).await;
+	update_all_rooms(services, all_joined_rooms, user_id).await;

 	Ok(())
 }

-pub async fn update_all_rooms(all_joined_rooms: Vec<(PduBuilder, &OwnedRoomId)>, user_id: OwnedUserId) {
+pub async fn update_all_rooms(
+	services: &Services, all_joined_rooms: Vec<(PduBuilder, &OwnedRoomId)>, user_id: OwnedUserId,
+) {
 	for (pdu_builder, room_id) in all_joined_rooms {
-		let state_lock = services().globals.roomid_mutex_state.lock(room_id).await;
-		if let Err(e) = services()
+		let state_lock = services.rooms.state.mutex.lock(room_id).await;
+		if let Err(e) = services
 			.rooms
 			.timeline
 			.build_and_append_pdu(pdu_builder, &user_id, room_id, &state_lock)
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use axum::extract::State;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{
 		error::ErrorKind,
@@ -10,18 +11,18 @@ use ruma::{
 	push::{InsertPushRuleError, RemovePushRuleError, Ruleset},
 };

-use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{Error, Result, Ruma};

 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/r0/pushrules/`
 ///
 /// Retrieves the push rules event for this user.
 pub(crate) async fn get_pushrules_all_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_pushrules_all::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_pushrules_all::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_pushrules_all::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

 	let event =
-		services()
+		services
 			.account_data
 			.get(None, sender_user, GlobalAccountDataEventType::PushRules.to_string().into())?;

@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_pushrules_all_route(
 			global: account_data.global,
 		})
 	} else {
-		services().account_data.update(
+		services.account_data.update(
 			None,
 			sender_user,
 			GlobalAccountDataEventType::PushRules.to_string().into(),
@@ -55,10 +56,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_pushrules_all_route(
 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/r0/pushrules/{scope}/{kind}/{ruleId}`
 ///
 /// Retrieves a single specified push rule for this user.
-pub(crate) async fn get_pushrule_route(body: Ruma<get_pushrule::v3::Request>) -> Result<get_pushrule::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn get_pushrule_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_pushrule::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<get_pushrule::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let event = services()
+	let event = services
 		.account_data
 		.get(None, sender_user, GlobalAccountDataEventType::PushRules.to_string().into())?
 		.ok_or(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "PushRules event not found."))?;
@@ -84,7 +87,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_pushrule_route(body: Ruma<get_pushrule::v3::Request>) ->
 /// # `PUT /_matrix/client/r0/pushrules/{scope}/{kind}/{ruleId}`
 ///
 /// Creates a single specified push rule for this user.
-pub(crate) async fn set_pushrule_route(body: Ruma<set_pushrule::v3::Request>) -> Result<set_pushrule::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn set_pushrule_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<set_pushrule::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<set_pushrule::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
 	let body = body.body;

@@ -95,7 +100,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_pushrule_route(body: Ruma<set_pushrule::v3::Request>) ->
 		));
 	}

-	let event = services()
+	let event = services
 		.account_data
 		.get(None, sender_user, GlobalAccountDataEventType::PushRules.to_string().into())?
 		.ok_or(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "PushRules event not found."))?;
@@ -134,7 +139,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_pushrule_route(body: Ruma<set_pushrule::v3::Request>) ->
 		return Err(err);
 	}

-	services().account_data.update(
+	services.account_data.update(
 		None,
 		sender_user,
 		GlobalAccountDataEventType::PushRules.to_string().into(),
@@ -148,7 +153,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_pushrule_route(body: Ruma<set_pushrule::v3::Request>) ->
 ///
 /// Gets the actions of a single specified push rule for this user.
 pub(crate) async fn get_pushrule_actions_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_pushrule_actions::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_pushrule_actions::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_pushrule_actions::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

@@ -159,7 +164,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_pushrule_actions_route(
 		));
 	}

-	let event = services()
+	let event = services
 		.account_data
 		.get(None, sender_user, GlobalAccountDataEventType::PushRules.to_string().into())?
 		.ok_or(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "PushRules event not found."))?;
@@ -183,7 +188,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_pushrule_actions_route(
 ///
 /// Sets the actions of a single specified push rule for this user.
 pub(crate) async fn set_pushrule_actions_route(
-	body: Ruma<set_pushrule_actions::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<set_pushrule_actions::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<set_pushrule_actions::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

@@ -194,7 +199,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_pushrule_actions_route(
 		));
 	}

-	let event = services()
+	let event = services
 		.account_data
 		.get(None, sender_user, GlobalAccountDataEventType::PushRules.to_string().into())?
 		.ok_or(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "PushRules event not found."))?;
@@ -211,7 +216,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_pushrule_actions_route(
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Push rule not found."));
 	}

-	services().account_data.update(
+	services.account_data.update(
 		None,
 		sender_user,
 		GlobalAccountDataEventType::PushRules.to_string().into(),
@@ -225,7 +230,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_pushrule_actions_route(
 ///
 /// Gets the enabled status of a single specified push rule for this user.
 pub(crate) async fn get_pushrule_enabled_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_pushrule_enabled::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_pushrule_enabled::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_pushrule_enabled::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

@@ -236,7 +241,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_pushrule_enabled_route(
 		));
 	}

-	let event = services()
+	let event = services
 		.account_data
 		.get(None, sender_user, GlobalAccountDataEventType::PushRules.to_string().into())?
 		.ok_or(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "PushRules event not found."))?;
@@ -259,7 +264,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_pushrule_enabled_route(
 ///
 /// Sets the enabled status of a single specified push rule for this user.
 pub(crate) async fn set_pushrule_enabled_route(
-	body: Ruma<set_pushrule_enabled::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<set_pushrule_enabled::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<set_pushrule_enabled::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

@@ -270,7 +275,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_pushrule_enabled_route(
 		));
 	}

-	let event = services()
+	let event = services
 		.account_data
 		.get(None, sender_user, GlobalAccountDataEventType::PushRules.to_string().into())?
 		.ok_or(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "PushRules event not found."))?;
@@ -287,7 +292,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_pushrule_enabled_route(
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Push rule not found."));
 	}

-	services().account_data.update(
+	services.account_data.update(
 		None,
 		sender_user,
 		GlobalAccountDataEventType::PushRules.to_string().into(),
@@ -301,7 +306,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_pushrule_enabled_route(
 ///
 /// Deletes a single specified push rule for this user.
 pub(crate) async fn delete_pushrule_route(
-	body: Ruma<delete_pushrule::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<delete_pushrule::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<delete_pushrule::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

@@ -312,7 +317,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn delete_pushrule_route(
 		));
 	}

-	let event = services()
+	let event = services
 		.account_data
 		.get(None, sender_user, GlobalAccountDataEventType::PushRules.to_string().into())?
 		.ok_or(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "PushRules event not found."))?;
@@ -336,7 +341,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn delete_pushrule_route(
 		return Err(err);
 	}

-	services().account_data.update(
+	services.account_data.update(
 		None,
 		sender_user,
 		GlobalAccountDataEventType::PushRules.to_string().into(),
@@ -349,11 +354,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn delete_pushrule_route(
 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/r0/pushers`
 ///
 /// Gets all currently active pushers for the sender user.
-pub(crate) async fn get_pushers_route(body: Ruma<get_pushers::v3::Request>) -> Result<get_pushers::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn get_pushers_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_pushers::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<get_pushers::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

 	Ok(get_pushers::v3::Response {
-		pushers: services().pusher.get_pushers(sender_user)?,
+		pushers: services.pusher.get_pushers(sender_user)?,
 	})
 }

@@ -362,10 +369,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_pushers_route(body: Ruma<get_pushers::v3::Request>) -> R
 /// Adds a pusher for the sender user.
 ///
 /// - TODO: Handle `append`
-pub(crate) async fn set_pushers_route(body: Ruma<set_pusher::v3::Request>) -> Result<set_pusher::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn set_pushers_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<set_pusher::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<set_pusher::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	services().pusher.set_pusher(sender_user, &body.action)?;
+	services.pusher.set_pusher(sender_user, &body.action)?;

 	Ok(set_pusher::v3::Response::default())
 }
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;

+use axum::extract::State;
 use conduit::PduCount;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{error::ErrorKind, read_marker::set_read_marker, receipt::create_receipt},
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ use ruma::{
 	MilliSecondsSinceUnixEpoch,
 };

-use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{Error, Result, Ruma};

 /// # `POST /_matrix/client/r0/rooms/{roomId}/read_markers`
 ///
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
 /// - If `read_receipt` is set: Update private marker and public read receipt
 ///   EDU
 pub(crate) async fn set_read_marker_route(
-	body: Ruma<set_read_marker::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<set_read_marker::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<set_read_marker::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_read_marker_route(
 				event_id: fully_read.clone(),
 			},
 		};
-		services().account_data.update(
+		services.account_data.update(
 			Some(&body.room_id),
 			sender_user,
 			RoomAccountDataEventType::FullyRead,
@@ -39,14 +40,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_read_marker_route(
 	}

 	if body.private_read_receipt.is_some() || body.read_receipt.is_some() {
-		services()
+		services
 			.rooms
 			.user
 			.reset_notification_counts(sender_user, &body.room_id)?;
 	}

 	if let Some(event) = &body.private_read_receipt {
-		let count = services()
+		let count = services
 			.rooms
 			.timeline
 			.get_pdu_count(event)?
@@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_read_marker_route(
 			},
 			PduCount::Normal(c) => c,
 		};
-		services()
+		services
 			.rooms
 			.read_receipt
 			.private_read_set(&body.room_id, sender_user, count)?;
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_read_marker_route(
 		let mut receipt_content = BTreeMap::new();
 		receipt_content.insert(event.to_owned(), receipts);

-		services().rooms.read_receipt.readreceipt_update(
+		services.rooms.read_receipt.readreceipt_update(
 			sender_user,
 			&body.room_id,
 			&ruma::events::receipt::ReceiptEvent {
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn set_read_marker_route(
 ///
 /// Sets private read marker and public read receipt EDU.
 pub(crate) async fn create_receipt_route(
-	body: Ruma<create_receipt::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<create_receipt::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<create_receipt::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

@@ -107,7 +108,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_receipt_route(
 		&body.receipt_type,
 		create_receipt::v3::ReceiptType::Read | create_receipt::v3::ReceiptType::ReadPrivate
 	) {
-		services()
+		services
 			.rooms
 			.user
 			.reset_notification_counts(sender_user, &body.room_id)?;
@@ -120,7 +121,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_receipt_route(
 					event_id: body.event_id.clone(),
 				},
 			};
-			services().account_data.update(
+			services.account_data.update(
 				Some(&body.room_id),
 				sender_user,
 				RoomAccountDataEventType::FullyRead,
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_receipt_route(
 			let mut receipt_content = BTreeMap::new();
 			receipt_content.insert(body.event_id.clone(), receipts);

-			services().rooms.read_receipt.readreceipt_update(
+			services.rooms.read_receipt.readreceipt_update(
 				sender_user,
 				&body.room_id,
 				&ruma::events::receipt::ReceiptEvent {
@@ -152,7 +153,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_receipt_route(
 			)?;
 		},
 		create_receipt::v3::ReceiptType::ReadPrivate => {
-			let count = services()
+			let count = services
 				.rooms
 				.timeline
 				.get_pdu_count(&body.event_id)?
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_receipt_route(
 				},
 				PduCount::Normal(c) => c,
 			};
-			services()
+			services
 				.rooms
 				.read_receipt
 				.private_read_set(&body.room_id, sender_user, count)?;
@@ -1,27 +1,26 @@
+use axum::extract::State;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::redact::redact_event,
 	events::{room::redaction::RoomRedactionEventContent, TimelineEventType},
 };
 use serde_json::value::to_raw_value;

-use crate::{service::pdu::PduBuilder, services, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{service::pdu::PduBuilder, Result, Ruma};

 /// # `PUT /_matrix/client/r0/rooms/{roomId}/redact/{eventId}/{txnId}`
 ///
 /// Tries to send a redaction event into the room.
 ///
 /// - TODO: Handle txn id
-pub(crate) async fn redact_event_route(body: Ruma<redact_event::v3::Request>) -> Result<redact_event::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn redact_event_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<redact_event::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<redact_event::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
 	let body = body.body;

-	let state_lock = services()
-		.globals
-		.roomid_mutex_state
-		.lock(&body.room_id)
-		.await;
+	let state_lock = services.rooms.state.mutex.lock(&body.room_id).await;

-	let event_id = services()
+	let event_id = services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.build_and_append_pdu(
@@ -1,30 +1,28 @@
+use axum::extract::State;
 use ruma::api::client::relations::{
 	get_relating_events, get_relating_events_with_rel_type, get_relating_events_with_rel_type_and_event_type,
 };

-use crate::{services, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{Result, Ruma};

 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/r0/rooms/{roomId}/relations/{eventId}/{relType}/{eventType}`
 pub(crate) async fn get_relating_events_with_rel_type_and_event_type_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_relating_events_with_rel_type_and_event_type::v1::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_relating_events_with_rel_type_and_event_type::v1::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_relating_events_with_rel_type_and_event_type::v1::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let res = services()
-		.rooms
-		.pdu_metadata
-		.paginate_relations_with_filter(
-			sender_user,
-			&body.room_id,
-			&body.event_id,
-			&Some(body.event_type.clone()),
-			&Some(body.rel_type.clone()),
-			&body.from,
-			&body.to,
-			&body.limit,
-			body.recurse,
-			body.dir,
-		)?;
+	let res = services.rooms.pdu_metadata.paginate_relations_with_filter(
+		sender_user,
+		&body.room_id,
+		&body.event_id,
+		&Some(body.event_type.clone()),
+		&Some(body.rel_type.clone()),
+		&body.from,
+		&body.to,
+		&body.limit,
+		body.recurse,
+		body.dir,
+	)?;

 	Ok(get_relating_events_with_rel_type_and_event_type::v1::Response {
 		chunk: res.chunk,
@@ -36,25 +34,22 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_relating_events_with_rel_type_and_event_type_route(

 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/r0/rooms/{roomId}/relations/{eventId}/{relType}`
 pub(crate) async fn get_relating_events_with_rel_type_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_relating_events_with_rel_type::v1::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_relating_events_with_rel_type::v1::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_relating_events_with_rel_type::v1::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let res = services()
-		.rooms
-		.pdu_metadata
-		.paginate_relations_with_filter(
-			sender_user,
-			&body.room_id,
-			&body.event_id,
-			&None,
-			&Some(body.rel_type.clone()),
-			&body.from,
-			&body.to,
-			&body.limit,
-			body.recurse,
-			body.dir,
-		)?;
+	let res = services.rooms.pdu_metadata.paginate_relations_with_filter(
+		sender_user,
+		&body.room_id,
+		&body.event_id,
+		&None,
+		&Some(body.rel_type.clone()),
+		&body.from,
+		&body.to,
+		&body.limit,
+		body.recurse,
+		body.dir,
+	)?;

 	Ok(get_relating_events_with_rel_type::v1::Response {
 		chunk: res.chunk,
@@ -66,23 +61,20 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_relating_events_with_rel_type_route(

 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/r0/rooms/{roomId}/relations/{eventId}`
 pub(crate) async fn get_relating_events_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_relating_events::v1::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_relating_events::v1::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_relating_events::v1::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	services()
-		.rooms
-		.pdu_metadata
-		.paginate_relations_with_filter(
-			sender_user,
-			&body.room_id,
-			&body.event_id,
-			&None,
-			&None,
-			&body.from,
-			&body.to,
-			&body.limit,
-			body.recurse,
-			body.dir,
-		)
+	services.rooms.pdu_metadata.paginate_relations_with_filter(
+		sender_user,
+		&body.room_id,
+		&body.event_id,
+		&None,
+		&None,
+		&body.from,
+		&body.to,
+		&body.limit,
+		body.recurse,
+		body.dir,
+	)
 }
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::time::Duration;

+use axum::extract::State;
 use rand::Rng;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{error::ErrorKind, room::report_content},
@@ -9,13 +10,18 @@ use ruma::{
 use tokio::time::sleep;
 use tracing::info;

-use crate::{debug_info, service::pdu::PduEvent, services, utils::HtmlEscape, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{
+	debug_info,
+	service::{pdu::PduEvent, Services},
+	utils::HtmlEscape,
+	Error, Result, Ruma,
+};

 /// # `POST /_matrix/client/v3/rooms/{roomId}/report/{eventId}`
 ///
 /// Reports an inappropriate event to homeserver admins
 pub(crate) async fn report_event_route(
-	body: Ruma<report_content::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<report_content::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<report_content::v3::Response> {
 	// user authentication
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
@@ -26,18 +32,26 @@ pub(crate) async fn report_event_route(
 	);

 	// check if we know about the reported event ID or if it's invalid
-	let Some(pdu) = services().rooms.timeline.get_pdu(&body.event_id)? else {
+	let Some(pdu) = services.rooms.timeline.get_pdu(&body.event_id)? else {
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(
 			ErrorKind::NotFound,
 			"Event ID is not known to us or Event ID is invalid",
 		));
 	};

-	is_report_valid(&pdu.event_id, &body.room_id, sender_user, &body.reason, body.score, &pdu)?;
+	is_report_valid(
+		&services,
+		&pdu.event_id,
+		&body.room_id,
+		sender_user,
+		&body.reason,
+		body.score,
+		&pdu,
+	)?;

 	// send admin room message that we received the report with an @room ping for
 	// urgency
-	services()
+	services
 		.admin
 		.send_message(message::RoomMessageEventContent::text_html(
 			format!(
@@ -79,8 +93,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn report_event_route(
 /// check if score is in valid range
 /// check if report reasoning is less than or equal to 750 characters
 fn is_report_valid(
-	event_id: &EventId, room_id: &RoomId, sender_user: &UserId, reason: &Option<String>, score: Option<ruma::Int>,
-	pdu: &std::sync::Arc<PduEvent>,
+	services: &Services, event_id: &EventId, room_id: &RoomId, sender_user: &UserId, reason: &Option<String>,
+	score: Option<ruma::Int>, pdu: &std::sync::Arc<PduEvent>,
 ) -> Result<bool> {
 	debug_info!("Checking if report from user {sender_user} for event {event_id} in room {room_id} is valid");

@@ -91,7 +105,7 @@ fn is_report_valid(
 		));
 	}

-	if !services()
+	if !services
 		.rooms
 		.state_cache
 		.room_members(&pdu.room_id)
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::{cmp::max, collections::BTreeMap};

+use axum::extract::State;
 use conduit::{debug_info, debug_warn};
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{
@@ -30,8 +31,8 @@ use tracing::{error, info, warn};

 use super::invite_helper;
 use crate::{
-	service::{appservice::RegistrationInfo, pdu::PduBuilder},
-	services, Error, Result, Ruma,
+	service::{appservice::RegistrationInfo, pdu::PduBuilder, Services},
+	Error, Result, Ruma,
 };

 /// Recommended transferable state events list from the spec
@@ -63,44 +64,46 @@ const TRANSFERABLE_STATE_EVENTS: &[StateEventType; 9] = &[
 /// - Send events listed in initial state
 /// - Send events implied by `name` and `topic`
 /// - Send invite events
-pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> Result<create_room::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<create_room::v3::Response> {
 	use create_room::v3::RoomPreset;

 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	if !services().globals.allow_room_creation()
+	if !services.globals.allow_room_creation()
 		&& body.appservice_info.is_none()
-		&& !services().users.is_admin(sender_user)?
+		&& !services.users.is_admin(sender_user)?
 	{
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::forbidden(), "Room creation has been disabled."));
 	}

 	let room_id: OwnedRoomId = if let Some(custom_room_id) = &body.room_id {
-		custom_room_id_check(custom_room_id)?
+		custom_room_id_check(&services, custom_room_id)?
 	} else {
-		RoomId::new(&services().globals.config.server_name)
+		RoomId::new(&services.globals.config.server_name)
 	};

 	// check if room ID doesn't already exist instead of erroring on auth check
-	if services().rooms.short.get_shortroomid(&room_id)?.is_some() {
+	if services.rooms.short.get_shortroomid(&room_id)?.is_some() {
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(
 			ErrorKind::RoomInUse,
 			"Room with that custom room ID already exists",
 		));
 	}

-	let _short_id = services().rooms.short.get_or_create_shortroomid(&room_id)?;
-	let state_lock = services().globals.roomid_mutex_state.lock(&room_id).await;
+	let _short_id = services.rooms.short.get_or_create_shortroomid(&room_id)?;
+	let state_lock = services.rooms.state.mutex.lock(&room_id).await;

 	let alias: Option<OwnedRoomAliasId> = if let Some(alias) = &body.room_alias_name {
-		Some(room_alias_check(alias, &body.appservice_info).await?)
+		Some(room_alias_check(&services, alias, &body.appservice_info).await?)
 	} else {
 		None
 	};

 	let room_version = match body.room_version.clone() {
 		Some(room_version) => {
-			if services()
+			if services
 				.globals
 				.supported_room_versions()
 				.contains(&room_version)
@@ -113,11 +116,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R
 				));
 			}
 		},
-		None => services().globals.default_room_version(),
+		None => services.globals.default_room_version(),
 	};

 	let content = match &body.creation_content {
 		Some(content) => {
+			use RoomVersionId::*;
+
 			let mut content = content
 				.deserialize_as::<CanonicalJsonObject>()
 				.map_err(|e| {
@@ -125,16 +130,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R
 					Error::bad_database("Failed to deserialise content as canonical JSON.")
 				})?;
 			match room_version {
-				RoomVersionId::V1
-				| RoomVersionId::V2
-				| RoomVersionId::V3
-				| RoomVersionId::V4
-				| RoomVersionId::V5
-				| RoomVersionId::V6
-				| RoomVersionId::V7
-				| RoomVersionId::V8
-				| RoomVersionId::V9
-				| RoomVersionId::V10 => {
+				V1 | V2 | V3 | V4 | V5 | V6 | V7 | V8 | V9 | V10 => {
 					content.insert(
 						"creator".into(),
 						json!(&sender_user).try_into().map_err(|e| {
@@ -143,7 +139,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R
 						})?,
 					);
 				},
-				RoomVersionId::V11 => {}, // V11 removed the "creator" key
+				V11 => {}, // V11 removed the "creator" key
 				_ => {
 					warn!("Unexpected or unsupported room version {room_version}");
 					return Err(Error::BadRequest(
@@ -152,7 +148,6 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R
 					));
 				},
 			}
-
 			content.insert(
 				"room_version".into(),
 				json!(room_version.as_str())
@@ -162,18 +157,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R
 			content
 		},
 		None => {
+			use RoomVersionId::*;
+
 			let content = match room_version {
-				RoomVersionId::V1
-				| RoomVersionId::V2
-				| RoomVersionId::V3
-				| RoomVersionId::V4
-				| RoomVersionId::V5
-				| RoomVersionId::V6
-				| RoomVersionId::V7
-				| RoomVersionId::V8
-				| RoomVersionId::V9
-				| RoomVersionId::V10 => RoomCreateEventContent::new_v1(sender_user.clone()),
-				RoomVersionId::V11 => RoomCreateEventContent::new_v11(),
+				V1 | V2 | V3 | V4 | V5 | V6 | V7 | V8 | V9 | V10 => RoomCreateEventContent::new_v1(sender_user.clone()),
+				V11 => RoomCreateEventContent::new_v11(),
 				_ => {
 					warn!("Unexpected or unsupported room version {room_version}");
 					return Err(Error::BadRequest(
@@ -199,7 +187,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R
 	};

 	// 1. The room create event
-	services()
+	services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.build_and_append_pdu(
@@ -217,7 +205,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R
 		.await?;

 	// 2. Let the room creator join
-	services()
+	services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.build_and_append_pdu(
@@ -225,11 +213,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R
 				event_type: TimelineEventType::RoomMember,
 				content: to_raw_value(&RoomMemberEventContent {
 					membership: MembershipState::Join,
-					displayname: services().users.displayname(sender_user)?,
-					avatar_url: services().users.avatar_url(sender_user)?,
+					displayname: services.users.displayname(sender_user)?,
+					avatar_url: services.users.avatar_url(sender_user)?,
 					is_direct: Some(body.is_direct),
 					third_party_invite: None,
-					blurhash: services().users.blurhash(sender_user)?,
+					blurhash: services.users.blurhash(sender_user)?,
 					reason: None,
 					join_authorized_via_users_server: None,
 				})
@@ -264,7 +252,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R
 	let power_levels_content =
 		default_power_levels_content(&body.power_level_content_override, &body.visibility, users)?;

-	services()
+	services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.build_and_append_pdu(
@@ -283,7 +271,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R

 	// 4. Canonical room alias
 	if let Some(room_alias_id) = &alias {
-		services()
+		services
 			.rooms
 			.timeline
 			.build_and_append_pdu(
@@ -308,7 +296,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R
 	// 5. Events set by preset

 	// 5.1 Join Rules
-	services()
+	services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.build_and_append_pdu(
@@ -331,7 +319,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R
 		.await?;

 	// 5.2 History Visibility
-	services()
+	services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.build_and_append_pdu(
@@ -350,7 +338,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R
 		.await?;

 	// 5.3 Guest Access
-	services()
+	services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.build_and_append_pdu(
@@ -393,11 +381,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R
 		pdu_builder.state_key.get_or_insert_with(String::new);

 		// Silently skip encryption events if they are not allowed
-		if pdu_builder.event_type == TimelineEventType::RoomEncryption && !services().globals.allow_encryption() {
+		if pdu_builder.event_type == TimelineEventType::RoomEncryption && !services.globals.allow_encryption() {
 			continue;
 		}

-		services()
+		services
 			.rooms
 			.timeline
 			.build_and_append_pdu(pdu_builder, sender_user, &room_id, &state_lock)
@@ -406,7 +394,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R

 	// 7. Events implied by name and topic
 	if let Some(name) = &body.name {
-		services()
+		services
 			.rooms
 			.timeline
 			.build_and_append_pdu(
@@ -426,7 +414,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R
 	}

 	if let Some(topic) = &body.topic {
-		services()
+		services
 			.rooms
 			.timeline
 			.build_and_append_pdu(
@@ -450,21 +438,21 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R
 	// 8. Events implied by invite (and TODO: invite_3pid)
 	drop(state_lock);
 	for user_id in &body.invite {
-		if let Err(e) = invite_helper(sender_user, user_id, &room_id, None, body.is_direct).await {
+		if let Err(e) = invite_helper(&services, sender_user, user_id, &room_id, None, body.is_direct).await {
 			warn!(%e, "Failed to send invite");
 		}
 	}

 	// Homeserver specific stuff
 	if let Some(alias) = alias {
-		services()
+		services
 			.rooms
 			.alias
 			.set_alias(&alias, &room_id, sender_user)?;
 	}

 	if body.visibility == room::Visibility::Public {
-		services().rooms.directory.set_public(&room_id)?;
+		services.rooms.directory.set_public(&room_id)?;
 	}

 	info!("{sender_user} created a room with room ID {room_id}");
@@ -479,11 +467,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_room_route(body: Ruma<create_room::v3::Request>) -> R
 /// - You have to currently be joined to the room (TODO: Respect history
 ///   visibility)
 pub(crate) async fn get_room_event_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_room_event::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_room_event::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_room_event::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let event = services()
+	let event = services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.get_pdu(&body.event_id)?
@@ -492,7 +480,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_room_event_route(
 			Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Event not found.")
 		})?;

-	if !services()
+	if !services
 		.rooms
 		.state_accessor
 		.user_can_see_event(sender_user, &event.room_id, &body.event_id)?
@@ -517,10 +505,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_room_event_route(
 ///
 /// - Only users joined to the room are allowed to call this, or if
 ///   `history_visibility` is world readable in the room
-pub(crate) async fn get_room_aliases_route(body: Ruma<aliases::v3::Request>) -> Result<aliases::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn get_room_aliases_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<aliases::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<aliases::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	if !services()
+	if !services
 		.rooms
 		.state_accessor
 		.user_can_see_state_events(sender_user, &body.room_id)?
@@ -532,7 +522,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_room_aliases_route(body: Ruma<aliases::v3::Request>) ->
 	}

 	Ok(aliases::v3::Response {
-		aliases: services()
+		aliases: services
 			.rooms
 			.alias
 			.local_aliases_for_room(&body.room_id)
@@ -551,10 +541,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_room_aliases_route(body: Ruma<aliases::v3::Request>) ->
 /// - Transfers some state events
 /// - Moves local aliases
 /// - Modifies old room power levels to prevent users from speaking
-pub(crate) async fn upgrade_room_route(body: Ruma<upgrade_room::v3::Request>) -> Result<upgrade_room::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn upgrade_room_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<upgrade_room::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<upgrade_room::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	if !services()
+	if !services
 		.globals
 		.supported_room_versions()
 		.contains(&body.new_version)
@@ -566,23 +558,19 @@ pub(crate) async fn upgrade_room_route(body: Ruma<upgrade_room::v3::Request>) ->
 	}

 	// Create a replacement room
-	let replacement_room = RoomId::new(services().globals.server_name());
+	let replacement_room = RoomId::new(services.globals.server_name());

-	let _short_id = services()
+	let _short_id = services
 		.rooms
 		.short
 		.get_or_create_shortroomid(&replacement_room)?;

-	let state_lock = services()
-		.globals
-		.roomid_mutex_state
-		.lock(&body.room_id)
-		.await;
+	let state_lock = services.rooms.state.mutex.lock(&body.room_id).await;

 	// Send a m.room.tombstone event to the old room to indicate that it is not
 	// intended to be used any further Fail if the sender does not have the required
 	// permissions
-	let tombstone_event_id = services()
+	let tombstone_event_id = services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.build_and_append_pdu(
@@ -605,15 +593,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn upgrade_room_route(body: Ruma<upgrade_room::v3::Request>) ->

 	// Change lock to replacement room
 	drop(state_lock);
-	let state_lock = services()
-		.globals
-		.roomid_mutex_state
-		.lock(&replacement_room)
-		.await;
+	let state_lock = services.rooms.state.mutex.lock(&replacement_room).await;

 	// Get the old room creation event
 	let mut create_event_content = serde_json::from_str::<CanonicalJsonObject>(
-		services()
+		services
 			.rooms
 			.state_accessor
 			.room_state_get(&body.room_id, &StateEventType::RoomCreate, "")?
@@ -631,36 +615,30 @@ pub(crate) async fn upgrade_room_route(body: Ruma<upgrade_room::v3::Request>) ->

 	// Send a m.room.create event containing a predecessor field and the applicable
 	// room_version
-	match body.new_version {
-		RoomVersionId::V1
-		| RoomVersionId::V2
-		| RoomVersionId::V3
-		| RoomVersionId::V4
-		| RoomVersionId::V5
-		| RoomVersionId::V6
-		| RoomVersionId::V7
-		| RoomVersionId::V8
-		| RoomVersionId::V9
-		| RoomVersionId::V10 => {
-			create_event_content.insert(
-				"creator".into(),
-				json!(&sender_user).try_into().map_err(|e| {
-					info!("Error forming creation event: {e}");
-					Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::BadJson, "Error forming creation event")
-				})?,
-			);
-		},
-		RoomVersionId::V11 => {
-			// "creator" key no longer exists in V11 rooms
-			create_event_content.remove("creator");
-		},
-		_ => {
-			warn!("Unexpected or unsupported room version {}", body.new_version);
-			return Err(Error::BadRequest(
-				ErrorKind::BadJson,
-				"Unexpected or unsupported room version found",
-			));
-		},
+	{
+		use RoomVersionId::*;
+		match body.new_version {
+			V1 | V2 | V3 | V4 | V5 | V6 | V7 | V8 | V9 | V10 => {
+				create_event_content.insert(
+					"creator".into(),
+					json!(&sender_user).try_into().map_err(|e| {
+						info!("Error forming creation event: {e}");
+						Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::BadJson, "Error forming creation event")
+					})?,
+				);
+			},
+			V11 => {
+				// "creator" key no longer exists in V11 rooms
+				create_event_content.remove("creator");
+			},
+			_ => {
+				warn!("Unexpected or unsupported room version {}", body.new_version);
+				return Err(Error::BadRequest(
+					ErrorKind::BadJson,
+					"Unexpected or unsupported room version found",
+				));
+			},
+		}
 	}

 	create_event_content.insert(
@@ -687,7 +665,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn upgrade_room_route(body: Ruma<upgrade_room::v3::Request>) ->
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::BadJson, "Error forming creation event"));
 	}

-	services()
+	services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.build_and_append_pdu(
@@ -705,7 +683,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn upgrade_room_route(body: Ruma<upgrade_room::v3::Request>) ->
 		.await?;

 	// Join the new room
-	services()
+	services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.build_and_append_pdu(
@@ -713,11 +691,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn upgrade_room_route(body: Ruma<upgrade_room::v3::Request>) ->
 				event_type: TimelineEventType::RoomMember,
 				content: to_raw_value(&RoomMemberEventContent {
 					membership: MembershipState::Join,
-					displayname: services().users.displayname(sender_user)?,
-					avatar_url: services().users.avatar_url(sender_user)?,
+					displayname: services.users.displayname(sender_user)?,
+					avatar_url: services.users.avatar_url(sender_user)?,
 					is_direct: None,
 					third_party_invite: None,
-					blurhash: services().users.blurhash(sender_user)?,
+					blurhash: services.users.blurhash(sender_user)?,
 					reason: None,
 					join_authorized_via_users_server: None,
 				})
@@ -734,7 +712,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn upgrade_room_route(body: Ruma<upgrade_room::v3::Request>) ->

 	// Replicate transferable state events to the new room
 	for event_type in TRANSFERABLE_STATE_EVENTS {
-		let event_content = match services()
+		let event_content = match services
 			.rooms
 			.state_accessor
 			.room_state_get(&body.room_id, event_type, "")?
@@ -743,7 +721,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn upgrade_room_route(body: Ruma<upgrade_room::v3::Request>) ->
 			None => continue, // Skipping missing events.
 		};

-		services()
+		services
 			.rooms
 			.timeline
 			.build_and_append_pdu(
@@ -762,13 +740,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn upgrade_room_route(body: Ruma<upgrade_room::v3::Request>) ->
 	}

 	// Moves any local aliases to the new room
-	for alias in services()
+	for alias in services
 		.rooms
 		.alias
 		.local_aliases_for_room(&body.room_id)
 		.filter_map(Result::ok)
 	{
-		services()
+		services
 			.rooms
 			.alias
 			.set_alias(&alias, &replacement_room, sender_user)?;
@@ -776,7 +754,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn upgrade_room_route(body: Ruma<upgrade_room::v3::Request>) ->

 	// Get the old room power levels
 	let mut power_levels_event_content: RoomPowerLevelsEventContent = serde_json::from_str(
-		services()
+		services
 			.rooms
 			.state_accessor
 			.room_state_get(&body.room_id, &StateEventType::RoomPowerLevels, "")?
@@ -801,7 +779,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn upgrade_room_route(body: Ruma<upgrade_room::v3::Request>) ->

 	// Modify the power levels in the old room to prevent sending of events and
 	// inviting new users
-	services()
+	services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.build_and_append_pdu(
@@ -870,7 +848,7 @@ fn default_power_levels_content(

 /// if a room is being created with a room alias, run our checks
 async fn room_alias_check(
-	room_alias_name: &str, appservice_info: &Option<RegistrationInfo>,
+	services: &Services, room_alias_name: &str, appservice_info: &Option<RegistrationInfo>,
 ) -> Result<OwnedRoomAliasId> {
 	// Basic checks on the room alias validity
 	if room_alias_name.contains(':') {
@@ -887,7 +865,7 @@ async fn room_alias_check(
 	}

 	// check if room alias is forbidden
-	if services()
+	if services
 		.globals
 		.forbidden_alias_names()
 		.is_match(room_alias_name)
@@ -895,13 +873,13 @@ async fn room_alias_check(
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::Unknown, "Room alias name is forbidden."));
 	}

-	let full_room_alias = RoomAliasId::parse(format!("#{}:{}", room_alias_name, services().globals.config.server_name))
+	let full_room_alias = RoomAliasId::parse(format!("#{}:{}", room_alias_name, services.globals.config.server_name))
 		.map_err(|e| {
-			info!("Failed to parse room alias {room_alias_name}: {e}");
-			Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::InvalidParam, "Invalid room alias specified.")
-		})?;
+		info!("Failed to parse room alias {room_alias_name}: {e}");
+		Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::InvalidParam, "Invalid room alias specified.")
+	})?;

-	if services()
+	if services
 		.rooms
 		.alias
 		.resolve_local_alias(&full_room_alias)?
@@ -914,7 +892,7 @@ async fn room_alias_check(
 		if !info.aliases.is_match(full_room_alias.as_str()) {
 			return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::Exclusive, "Room alias is not in namespace."));
 		}
-	} else if services()
+	} else if services
 		.appservice
 		.is_exclusive_alias(&full_room_alias)
 		.await
@@ -928,9 +906,9 @@ async fn room_alias_check(
 }

 /// if a room is being created with a custom room ID, run our checks against it
-fn custom_room_id_check(custom_room_id: &str) -> Result<OwnedRoomId> {
+fn custom_room_id_check(services: &Services, custom_room_id: &str) -> Result<OwnedRoomId> {
 	// apply forbidden room alias checks to custom room IDs too
-	if services()
+	if services
 		.globals
 		.forbidden_alias_names()
 		.is_match(custom_room_id)
@@ -951,7 +929,7 @@ fn custom_room_id_check(custom_room_id: &str) -> Result<OwnedRoomId> {
 		));
 	}

-	let full_room_id = format!("!{}:{}", custom_room_id, services().globals.config.server_name);
+	let full_room_id = format!("!{}:{}", custom_room_id, services.globals.config.server_name);

 	debug_info!("Full custom room ID: {full_room_id}");

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;

+use axum::extract::State;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{
 		error::ErrorKind,
@@ -14,7 +15,7 @@ use ruma::{
 };
 use tracing::debug;

-use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{Error, Result, Ruma};

 /// # `POST /_matrix/client/r0/search`
 ///
@@ -22,7 +23,9 @@ use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
 ///
 /// - Only works if the user is currently joined to the room (TODO: Respect
 ///   history visibility)
-pub(crate) async fn search_events_route(body: Ruma<search_events::v3::Request>) -> Result<search_events::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn search_events_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<search_events::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<search_events::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

 	let search_criteria = body.search_categories.room_events.as_ref().unwrap();
@@ -30,7 +33,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn search_events_route(body: Ruma<search_events::v3::Request>)
 	let include_state = &search_criteria.include_state;

 	let room_ids = filter.rooms.clone().unwrap_or_else(|| {
-		services()
+		services
 			.rooms
 			.state_cache
 			.rooms_joined(sender_user)
@@ -50,11 +53,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn search_events_route(body: Ruma<search_events::v3::Request>)

 	if include_state.is_some_and(|include_state| include_state) {
 		for room_id in &room_ids {
-			if !services()
-				.rooms
-				.state_cache
-				.is_joined(sender_user, room_id)?
-			{
+			if !services.rooms.state_cache.is_joined(sender_user, room_id)? {
 				return Err(Error::BadRequest(
 					ErrorKind::forbidden(),
 					"You don't have permission to view this room.",
@@ -62,12 +61,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn search_events_route(body: Ruma<search_events::v3::Request>)
 			}

 			// check if sender_user can see state events
-			if services()
+			if services
 				.rooms
 				.state_accessor
 				.user_can_see_state_events(sender_user, room_id)?
 			{
-				let room_state = services()
+				let room_state = services
 					.rooms
 					.state_accessor
 					.room_state_full(room_id)
@@ -91,18 +90,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn search_events_route(body: Ruma<search_events::v3::Request>)
 	let mut searches = Vec::new();

 	for room_id in &room_ids {
-		if !services()
-			.rooms
-			.state_cache
-			.is_joined(sender_user, room_id)?
-		{
+		if !services.rooms.state_cache.is_joined(sender_user, room_id)? {
 			return Err(Error::BadRequest(
 				ErrorKind::forbidden(),
 				"You don't have permission to view this room.",
 			));
 		}

-		if let Some(search) = services()
+		if let Some(search) = services
 			.rooms
 			.search
 			.search_pdus(room_id, &search_criteria.search_term)?
@@ -135,14 +130,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn search_events_route(body: Ruma<search_events::v3::Request>)
 		.iter()
 		.skip(skip)
 		.filter_map(|result| {
-			services()
+			services
 				.rooms
 				.timeline
 				.get_pdu_from_id(result)
 				.ok()?
 				.filter(|pdu| {
 					!pdu.is_redacted()
-						&& services()
+						&& services
 							.rooms
 							.state_accessor
 							.user_can_see_event(sender_user, &pdu.room_id, &pdu.event_id)
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use axum::extract::State;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{
 		error::ErrorKind,
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ use serde::Deserialize;
 use tracing::{debug, info, warn};

 use super::{DEVICE_ID_LENGTH, TOKEN_LENGTH};
-use crate::{services, utils, utils::hash, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{utils, utils::hash, Error, Result, Ruma};

 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
 struct Claims {
@@ -55,7 +56,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_login_types_route(
 /// Note: You can use [`GET
 /// /_matrix/client/r0/login`](fn.get_supported_versions_route.html) to see
 /// supported login types.
-pub(crate) async fn login_route(body: Ruma<login::v3::Request>) -> Result<login::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn login_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<login::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<login::v3::Response> {
 	// Validate login method
 	// TODO: Other login methods
 	let user_id = match &body.login_info {
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn login_route(body: Ruma<login::v3::Request>) -> Result<login:
 		}) => {
 			debug!("Got password login type");
 			let user_id = if let Some(UserIdentifier::UserIdOrLocalpart(user_id)) = identifier {
-				UserId::parse_with_server_name(user_id.to_lowercase(), services().globals.server_name())
+				UserId::parse_with_server_name(user_id.to_lowercase(), services.globals.server_name())
 			} else if let Some(user) = user {
 				UserId::parse(user)
 			} else {
@@ -77,7 +80,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn login_route(body: Ruma<login::v3::Request>) -> Result<login:
 			}
 			.map_err(|_| Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::InvalidUsername, "Username is invalid."))?;

-			let hash = services()
+			let hash = services
 				.users
 				.password_hash(&user_id)?
 				.ok_or(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::forbidden(), "Wrong username or password."))?;
@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn login_route(body: Ruma<login::v3::Request>) -> Result<login:
 			token,
 		}) => {
 			debug!("Got token login type");
-			if let Some(jwt_decoding_key) = services().globals.jwt_decoding_key() {
+			if let Some(jwt_decoding_key) = services.globals.jwt_decoding_key() {
 				let token =
 					jsonwebtoken::decode::<Claims>(token, jwt_decoding_key, &jsonwebtoken::Validation::default())
 						.map_err(|e| {
@@ -106,7 +109,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn login_route(body: Ruma<login::v3::Request>) -> Result<login:

 				let username = token.claims.sub.to_lowercase();

-				UserId::parse_with_server_name(username, services().globals.server_name()).map_err(|e| {
+				UserId::parse_with_server_name(username, services.globals.server_name()).map_err(|e| {
 					warn!("Failed to parse username from user logging in: {e}");
 					Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::InvalidUsername, "Username is invalid.")
 				})?
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn login_route(body: Ruma<login::v3::Request>) -> Result<login:
 		}) => {
 			debug!("Got appservice login type");
 			let user_id = if let Some(UserIdentifier::UserIdOrLocalpart(user_id)) = identifier {
-				UserId::parse_with_server_name(user_id.to_lowercase(), services().globals.server_name())
+				UserId::parse_with_server_name(user_id.to_lowercase(), services.globals.server_name())
 			} else if let Some(user) = user {
 				UserId::parse(user)
 			} else {
@@ -164,22 +167,22 @@ pub(crate) async fn login_route(body: Ruma<login::v3::Request>) -> Result<login:

 	// Determine if device_id was provided and exists in the db for this user
 	let device_exists = body.device_id.as_ref().map_or(false, |device_id| {
-		services()
+		services
 			.users
 			.all_device_ids(&user_id)
 			.any(|x| x.as_ref().map_or(false, |v| v == device_id))
 	});

 	if device_exists {
-		services().users.set_token(&user_id, &device_id, &token)?;
+		services.users.set_token(&user_id, &device_id, &token)?;
 	} else {
-		services()
+		services
 			.users
 			.create_device(&user_id, &device_id, &token, body.initial_device_display_name.clone())?;
 	}

 	// send client well-known if specified so the client knows to reconfigure itself
-	let client_discovery_info: Option<DiscoveryInfo> = services()
+	let client_discovery_info: Option<DiscoveryInfo> = services
 		.globals
 		.well_known_client()
 		.as_ref()
@@ -197,7 +200,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn login_route(body: Ruma<login::v3::Request>) -> Result<login:
 		device_id,
 		well_known: client_discovery_info,
 		expires_in: None,
-		home_server: Some(services().globals.server_name().to_owned()),
+		home_server: Some(services.globals.server_name().to_owned()),
 		refresh_token: None,
 	})
 }
@@ -211,14 +214,16 @@ pub(crate) async fn login_route(body: Ruma<login::v3::Request>) -> Result<login:
 ///   last seen ts)
 /// - Forgets to-device events
 /// - Triggers device list updates
-pub(crate) async fn logout_route(body: Ruma<logout::v3::Request>) -> Result<logout::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn logout_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<logout::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<logout::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
 	let sender_device = body.sender_device.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	services().users.remove_device(sender_user, sender_device)?;
+	services.users.remove_device(sender_user, sender_device)?;

 	// send device list update for user after logout
-	services().users.mark_device_key_update(sender_user)?;
+	services.users.mark_device_key_update(sender_user)?;

 	Ok(logout::v3::Response::new())
 }
@@ -236,15 +241,17 @@ pub(crate) async fn logout_route(body: Ruma<logout::v3::Request>) -> Result<logo
 /// Note: This is equivalent to calling [`GET
 /// /_matrix/client/r0/logout`](fn.logout_route.html) from each device of this
 /// user.
-pub(crate) async fn logout_all_route(body: Ruma<logout_all::v3::Request>) -> Result<logout_all::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn logout_all_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<logout_all::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<logout_all::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	for device_id in services().users.all_device_ids(sender_user).flatten() {
-		services().users.remove_device(sender_user, &device_id)?;
+	for device_id in services.users.all_device_ids(sender_user).flatten() {
+		services.users.remove_device(sender_user, &device_id)?;
 	}

 	// send device list update for user after logout
-	services().users.mark_device_key_update(sender_user)?;
+	services.users.mark_device_key_update(sender_user)?;

 	Ok(logout_all::v3::Response::new())
 }
@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
 use std::str::FromStr;

+use axum::extract::State;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{error::ErrorKind, space::get_hierarchy},
 	UInt,
 };

-use crate::{service::rooms::spaces::PaginationToken, services, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{service::rooms::spaces::PaginationToken, Error, Result, Ruma};

 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/v1/rooms/{room_id}/hierarchy`
 ///
 /// Paginates over the space tree in a depth-first manner to locate child rooms
 /// of a given space.
-pub(crate) async fn get_hierarchy_route(body: Ruma<get_hierarchy::v1::Request>) -> Result<get_hierarchy::v1::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn get_hierarchy_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_hierarchy::v1::Request>,
+) -> Result<get_hierarchy::v1::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

 	let limit = body
@@ -39,7 +42,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_hierarchy_route(body: Ruma<get_hierarchy::v1::Request>)
 		}
 	}

-	services()
+	services
 		.rooms
 		.spaces
 		.get_client_hierarchy(
@@ -47,7 +50,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_hierarchy_route(body: Ruma<get_hierarchy::v1::Request>)
 			&body.room_id,
 			limit.try_into().unwrap_or(10),
 			key.map_or(vec![], |token| token.short_room_ids),
-			max_depth.try_into().unwrap_or(3),
+			max_depth.into(),
 			body.suggested_only,
 		)
 		.await
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use std::sync::Arc;

-use conduit::{error, warn};
+use axum::extract::State;
+use conduit::{debug_info, error, pdu::PduBuilder, Error, Result};
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{
 		error::ErrorKind,
@@ -17,11 +18,9 @@ use ruma::{
 	serde::Raw,
 	EventId, RoomId, UserId,
 };
+use service::Services;

-use crate::{
-	service::{pdu::PduBuilder, server_is_ours},
-	services, Error, Result, Ruma, RumaResponse,
-};
+use crate::{Ruma, RumaResponse};

 /// # `PUT /_matrix/client/*/rooms/{roomId}/state/{eventType}/{stateKey}`
 ///
@@ -32,22 +31,21 @@ use crate::{
 ///   allowed
 /// - If event is new `canonical_alias`: Rejects if alias is incorrect
 pub(crate) async fn send_state_event_for_key_route(
-	body: Ruma<send_state_event::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<send_state_event::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<send_state_event::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let event_id = send_state_event_for_key_helper(
-		sender_user,
-		&body.room_id,
-		&body.event_type,
-		&body.body.body,
-		body.state_key.clone(),
-	)
-	.await?;
-
-	let event_id = (*event_id).to_owned();
 	Ok(send_state_event::v3::Response {
-		event_id,
+		event_id: send_state_event_for_key_helper(
+			&services,
+			sender_user,
+			&body.room_id,
+			&body.event_type,
+			&body.body.body,
+			body.state_key.clone(),
+		)
+		.await?
+		.into(),
 	})
 }

@@ -60,9 +58,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_state_event_for_key_route(
 ///   allowed
 /// - If event is new `canonical_alias`: Rejects if alias is incorrect
 pub(crate) async fn send_state_event_for_empty_key_route(
-	body: Ruma<send_state_event::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<send_state_event::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<RumaResponse<send_state_event::v3::Response>> {
-	send_state_event_for_key_route(body).await.map(RumaResponse)
+	send_state_event_for_key_route(State(services), body)
+		.await
+		.map(RumaResponse)
 }

 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/v3/rooms/{roomid}/state`
@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_state_event_for_empty_key_route(
 /// - If not joined: Only works if current room history visibility is world
 ///   readable
 pub(crate) async fn get_state_events_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_state_events::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_state_events::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_state_events::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	if !services()
+	if !services
 		.rooms
 		.state_accessor
 		.user_can_see_state_events(sender_user, &body.room_id)?
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_state_events_route(
 	}

 	Ok(get_state_events::v3::Response {
-		room_state: services()
+		room_state: services
 			.rooms
 			.state_accessor
 			.room_state_full(&body.room_id)
@@ -108,11 +108,11 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_state_events_route(
 /// - If not joined: Only works if current room history visibility is world
 ///   readable
 pub(crate) async fn get_state_events_for_key_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_state_events_for_key::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_state_events_for_key::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_state_events_for_key::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	if !services()
+	if !services
 		.rooms
 		.state_accessor
 		.user_can_see_state_events(sender_user, &body.room_id)?
@@ -123,12 +123,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_state_events_for_key_route(
 		));
 	}

-	let event = services()
+	let event = services
 		.rooms
 		.state_accessor
 		.room_state_get(&body.room_id, &body.event_type, &body.state_key)?
 		.ok_or_else(|| {
-			warn!("State event {:?} not found in room {:?}", &body.event_type, &body.room_id);
+			debug_info!("State event {:?} not found in room {:?}", &body.event_type, &body.room_id);
 			Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "State event not found.")
 		})?;
 	if body
@@ -163,17 +163,20 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_state_events_for_key_route(
 /// - If not joined: Only works if current room history visibility is world
 ///   readable
 pub(crate) async fn get_state_events_for_empty_key_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_state_events_for_key::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_state_events_for_key::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<RumaResponse<get_state_events_for_key::v3::Response>> {
-	get_state_events_for_key_route(body).await.map(RumaResponse)
+	get_state_events_for_key_route(State(services), body)
+		.await
+		.map(RumaResponse)
 }

 async fn send_state_event_for_key_helper(
-	sender: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, event_type: &StateEventType, json: &Raw<AnyStateEventContent>, state_key: String,
+	services: &Services, sender: &UserId, room_id: &RoomId, event_type: &StateEventType,
+	json: &Raw<AnyStateEventContent>, state_key: String,
 ) -> Result<Arc<EventId>> {
-	allowed_to_send_state_event(room_id, event_type, json).await?;
-	let state_lock = services().globals.roomid_mutex_state.lock(room_id).await;
-	let event_id = services()
+	allowed_to_send_state_event(services, room_id, event_type, json).await?;
+	let state_lock = services.rooms.state.mutex.lock(room_id).await;
+	let event_id = services
 		.rooms
 		.timeline
 		.build_and_append_pdu(
@@ -194,18 +197,18 @@ async fn send_state_event_for_key_helper(
 }

 async fn allowed_to_send_state_event(
-	room_id: &RoomId, event_type: &StateEventType, json: &Raw<AnyStateEventContent>,
+	services: &Services, room_id: &RoomId, event_type: &StateEventType, json: &Raw<AnyStateEventContent>,
 ) -> Result<()> {
 	match event_type {
 		// Forbid m.room.encryption if encryption is disabled
 		StateEventType::RoomEncryption => {
-			if !services().globals.allow_encryption() {
+			if !services.globals.allow_encryption() {
 				return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::forbidden(), "Encryption has been disabled"));
 			}
 		},
 		// admin room is a sensitive room, it should not ever be made public
 		StateEventType::RoomJoinRules => {
-			if let Some(admin_room_id) = service::admin::Service::get_admin_room()? {
+			if let Some(admin_room_id) = services.admin.get_admin_room()? {
 				if admin_room_id == room_id {
 					if let Ok(join_rule) = serde_json::from_str::<RoomJoinRulesEventContent>(json.json().get()) {
 						if join_rule.join_rule == JoinRule::Public {
@@ -220,7 +223,7 @@ async fn allowed_to_send_state_event(
 		},
 		// admin room is a sensitive room, it should not ever be made world readable
 		StateEventType::RoomHistoryVisibility => {
-			if let Some(admin_room_id) = service::admin::Service::get_admin_room()? {
+			if let Some(admin_room_id) = services.admin.get_admin_room()? {
 				if admin_room_id == room_id {
 					if let Ok(visibility_content) =
 						serde_json::from_str::<RoomHistoryVisibilityEventContent>(json.json().get())
@@ -245,8 +248,8 @@ async fn allowed_to_send_state_event(
 				}

 				for alias in aliases {
-					if !server_is_ours(alias.server_name())
-						|| services()
+					if !services.globals.server_is_ours(alias.server_name())
+						|| services
                           .rooms
                           .alias
                           .resolve_local_alias(&alias)?
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;

+use axum::extract::State;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::tag::{create_tag, delete_tag, get_tags},
 	events::{
@@ -8,17 +9,19 @@ use ruma::{
 	},
 };

-use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{Error, Result, Ruma};

 /// # `PUT /_matrix/client/r0/user/{userId}/rooms/{roomId}/tags/{tag}`
 ///
 /// Adds a tag to the room.
 ///
 /// - Inserts the tag into the tag event of the room account data.
-pub(crate) async fn update_tag_route(body: Ruma<create_tag::v3::Request>) -> Result<create_tag::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn update_tag_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<create_tag::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<create_tag::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let event = services()
+	let event = services
 		.account_data
 		.get(Some(&body.room_id), sender_user, RoomAccountDataEventType::Tag)?;

@@ -38,7 +41,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn update_tag_route(body: Ruma<create_tag::v3::Request>) -> Res
 		.tags
 		.insert(body.tag.clone().into(), body.tag_info.clone());

-	services().account_data.update(
+	services.account_data.update(
 		Some(&body.room_id),
 		sender_user,
 		RoomAccountDataEventType::Tag,
@@ -53,10 +56,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn update_tag_route(body: Ruma<create_tag::v3::Request>) -> Res
 /// Deletes a tag from the room.
 ///
 /// - Removes the tag from the tag event of the room account data.
-pub(crate) async fn delete_tag_route(body: Ruma<delete_tag::v3::Request>) -> Result<delete_tag::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn delete_tag_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<delete_tag::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<delete_tag::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let event = services()
+	let event = services
 		.account_data
 		.get(Some(&body.room_id), sender_user, RoomAccountDataEventType::Tag)?;

@@ -73,7 +78,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn delete_tag_route(body: Ruma<delete_tag::v3::Request>) -> Res

 	tags_event.content.tags.remove(&body.tag.clone().into());

-	services().account_data.update(
+	services.account_data.update(
 		Some(&body.room_id),
 		sender_user,
 		RoomAccountDataEventType::Tag,
@@ -88,10 +93,12 @@ pub(crate) async fn delete_tag_route(body: Ruma<delete_tag::v3::Request>) -> Res
 /// Returns tags on the room.
 ///
 /// - Gets the tag event of the room account data.
-pub(crate) async fn get_tags_route(body: Ruma<get_tags::v3::Request>) -> Result<get_tags::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn get_tags_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_tags::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<get_tags::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	let event = services()
+	let event = services
 		.account_data
 		.get(Some(&body.room_id), sender_user, RoomAccountDataEventType::Tag)?;

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::collections::BTreeMap;

 use ruma::api::client::thirdparty::get_protocols;

-use crate::{Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{Result, Ruma, RumaResponse};

 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/r0/thirdparty/protocols`
 ///
@@ -15,3 +15,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_protocols_route(
 		protocols: BTreeMap::new(),
 	})
 }
+
+/// # `GET /_matrix/client/unstable/thirdparty/protocols`
+///
+/// Same as `get_protocols_route`, except for some reason Element Android legacy
+/// calls this
+pub(crate) async fn get_protocols_route_unstable(
+	body: Ruma<get_protocols::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<RumaResponse<get_protocols::v3::Response>> {
+	get_protocols_route(body).await.map(RumaResponse)
+}
@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
+use axum::extract::State;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{error::ErrorKind, threads::get_threads},
 	uint,
 };

-use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{Error, Result, Ruma};

 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/r0/rooms/{roomId}/threads`
-pub(crate) async fn get_threads_route(body: Ruma<get_threads::v1::Request>) -> Result<get_threads::v1::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn get_threads_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_threads::v1::Request>,
+) -> Result<get_threads::v1::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

 	// Use limit or else 10, with maximum 100
@@ -24,14 +27,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_threads_route(body: Ruma<get_threads::v1::Request>) -> R
 		u64::MAX
 	};

-	let threads = services()
+	let threads = services
 		.rooms
 		.threads
 		.threads_until(sender_user, &body.room_id, from, &body.include)?
 		.take(limit)
 		.filter_map(Result::ok)
 		.filter(|(_, pdu)| {
-			services()
+			services
 				.rooms
 				.state_accessor
 				.user_can_see_event(sender_user, &body.room_id, &pdu.event_id)
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;

+use axum::extract::State;
+use conduit::{Error, Result};
 use ruma::{
 	api::{
 		client::{error::ErrorKind, to_device::send_event_to_device},
@@ -8,19 +10,19 @@ use ruma::{
 	to_device::DeviceIdOrAllDevices,
 };

-use crate::{services, user_is_local, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::Ruma;

 /// # `PUT /_matrix/client/r0/sendToDevice/{eventType}/{txnId}`
 ///
 /// Send a to-device event to a set of client devices.
 pub(crate) async fn send_event_to_device_route(
-	body: Ruma<send_event_to_device::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<send_event_to_device::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<send_event_to_device::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
 	let sender_device = body.sender_device.as_deref();

 	// Check if this is a new transaction id
-	if services()
+	if services
 		.transaction_ids
 		.existing_txnid(sender_user, sender_device, &body.txn_id)?
 		.is_some()
@@ -30,14 +32,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_event_to_device_route(

 	for (target_user_id, map) in &body.messages {
 		for (target_device_id_maybe, event) in map {
-			if !user_is_local(target_user_id) {
+			if !services.globals.user_is_local(target_user_id) {
 				let mut map = BTreeMap::new();
 				map.insert(target_device_id_maybe.clone(), event.clone());
 				let mut messages = BTreeMap::new();
 				messages.insert(target_user_id.clone(), map);
-				let count = services().globals.next_count()?;
+				let count = services.globals.next_count()?;

-				services().sending.send_edu_server(
+				services.sending.send_edu_server(
 					target_user_id.server_name(),
 					serde_json::to_vec(&federation::transactions::edu::Edu::DirectToDevice(DirectDeviceContent {
 						sender: sender_user.clone(),
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_event_to_device_route(

 			match target_device_id_maybe {
 				DeviceIdOrAllDevices::DeviceId(target_device_id) => {
-					services().users.add_to_device_event(
+					services.users.add_to_device_event(
 						sender_user,
 						target_user_id,
 						target_device_id,
@@ -65,8 +67,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_event_to_device_route(
 				},

 				DeviceIdOrAllDevices::AllDevices => {
-					for target_device_id in services().users.all_device_ids(target_user_id) {
-						services().users.add_to_device_event(
+					for target_device_id in services.users.all_device_ids(target_user_id) {
+						services.users.add_to_device_event(
 							sender_user,
 							target_user_id,
 							&target_device_id?,
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn send_event_to_device_route(
 	}

 	// Save transaction id with empty data
-	services()
+	services
 		.transaction_ids
 		.add_txnid(sender_user, sender_device, &body.txn_id, &[])?;

@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
+use axum::extract::State;
 use ruma::api::client::{error::ErrorKind, typing::create_typing_event};

-use crate::{services, utils, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{utils, Error, Result, Ruma};

 /// # `PUT /_matrix/client/r0/rooms/{roomId}/typing/{userId}`
 ///
 /// Sets the typing state of the sender user.
 pub(crate) async fn create_typing_event_route(
-	body: Ruma<create_typing_event::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<create_typing_event::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<create_typing_event::v3::Response> {
 	use create_typing_event::v3::Typing;

 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

-	if !services()
+	if !services
 		.rooms
 		.state_cache
 		.is_joined(sender_user, &body.room_id)?
@@ -23,20 +24,20 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_typing_event_route(
 	if let Typing::Yes(duration) = body.state {
 		let duration = utils::clamp(
 			duration.as_millis().try_into().unwrap_or(u64::MAX),
-			services()
+			services
 				.globals
 				.config
 				.typing_client_timeout_min_s
 				.checked_mul(1000)
 				.unwrap(),
-			services()
+			services
 				.globals
 				.config
 				.typing_client_timeout_max_s
 				.checked_mul(1000)
 				.unwrap(),
 		);
-		services()
+		services
 			.rooms
 			.typing
 			.typing_add(
@@ -48,7 +49,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn create_typing_event_route(
 			)
 			.await?;
 	} else {
-		services()
+		services
 			.rooms
 			.typing
 			.typing_remove(sender_user, &body.room_id)
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
+use axum::extract::State;
 use axum_client_ip::InsecureClientIp;
-use conduit::{warn, RumaResponse};
+use conduit::warn;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::{error::ErrorKind, membership::mutual_rooms, room::get_summary},
 	events::room::member::MembershipState,
 	OwnedRoomId,
 };

-use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{Error, Result, Ruma, RumaResponse};

 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/unstable/uk.half-shot.msc2666/user/mutual_rooms`
 ///
@@ -17,7 +18,8 @@ use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
 /// An implementation of [MSC2666](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/2666)
 #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "mutual_rooms")]
 pub(crate) async fn get_mutual_rooms_route(
-	InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp, body: Ruma<mutual_rooms::unstable::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
+	body: Ruma<mutual_rooms::unstable::Request>,
 ) -> Result<mutual_rooms::unstable::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");

@@ -28,14 +30,14 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_mutual_rooms_route(
 		));
 	}

-	if !services().users.exists(&body.user_id)? {
+	if !services.users.exists(&body.user_id)? {
 		return Ok(mutual_rooms::unstable::Response {
 			joined: vec![],
 			next_batch_token: None,
 		});
 	}

-	let mutual_rooms: Vec<OwnedRoomId> = services()
+	let mutual_rooms: Vec<OwnedRoomId> = services
 		.rooms
 		.user
 		.get_shared_rooms(vec![sender_user.clone(), body.user_id.clone()])?
@@ -58,9 +60,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_mutual_rooms_route(
 ///
 /// An implementation of [MSC3266](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/3266)
 pub(crate) async fn get_room_summary_legacy(
-	InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp, body: Ruma<get_summary::msc3266::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
+	body: Ruma<get_summary::msc3266::Request>,
 ) -> Result<RumaResponse<get_summary::msc3266::Response>> {
-	get_room_summary(InsecureClientIp(client), body)
+	get_room_summary(State(services), InsecureClientIp(client), body)
 		.await
 		.map(RumaResponse)
 }
@@ -74,22 +77,19 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_room_summary_legacy(
 /// An implementation of [MSC3266](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/3266)
 #[tracing::instrument(skip_all, fields(%client), name = "room_summary")]
 pub(crate) async fn get_room_summary(
-	InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp, body: Ruma<get_summary::msc3266::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, InsecureClientIp(client): InsecureClientIp,
+	body: Ruma<get_summary::msc3266::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_summary::msc3266::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref();

-	let room_id = services()
-		.rooms
-		.alias
-		.resolve(&body.room_id_or_alias)
-		.await?;
+	let room_id = services.rooms.alias.resolve(&body.room_id_or_alias).await?;

-	if !services().rooms.metadata.exists(&room_id)? {
+	if !services.rooms.metadata.exists(&room_id)? {
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Room is unknown to this server"));
 	}

 	if sender_user.is_none()
-		&& !services()
+		&& !services
 			.rooms
 			.state_accessor
 			.is_world_readable(&room_id)
@@ -103,25 +103,25 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_room_summary(

 	Ok(get_summary::msc3266::Response {
 		room_id: room_id.clone(),
-		canonical_alias: services()
+		canonical_alias: services
 			.rooms
 			.state_accessor
 			.get_canonical_alias(&room_id)
 			.unwrap_or(None),
-		avatar_url: services()
+		avatar_url: services
 			.rooms
 			.state_accessor
 			.get_avatar(&room_id)?
 			.into_option()
 			.unwrap_or_default()
 			.url,
-		guest_can_join: services().rooms.state_accessor.guest_can_join(&room_id)?,
-		name: services()
+		guest_can_join: services.rooms.state_accessor.guest_can_join(&room_id)?,
+		name: services
 			.rooms
 			.state_accessor
 			.get_name(&room_id)
 			.unwrap_or(None),
-		num_joined_members: services()
+		num_joined_members: services
 			.rooms
 			.state_cache
 			.room_joined_count(&room_id)
@@ -132,21 +132,21 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_room_summary(
 			})
 			.try_into()
 			.expect("user count should not be that big"),
-		topic: services()
+		topic: services
 			.rooms
 			.state_accessor
 			.get_room_topic(&room_id)
 			.unwrap_or(None),
-		world_readable: services()
+		world_readable: services
 			.rooms
 			.state_accessor
 			.is_world_readable(&room_id)
 			.unwrap_or(false),
-		join_rule: services().rooms.state_accessor.get_join_rule(&room_id)?.0,
-		room_type: services().rooms.state_accessor.get_room_type(&room_id)?,
-		room_version: Some(services().rooms.state.get_room_version(&room_id)?),
+		join_rule: services.rooms.state_accessor.get_join_rule(&room_id)?.0,
+		room_type: services.rooms.state_accessor.get_room_type(&room_id)?,
+		room_version: Some(services.rooms.state.get_room_version(&room_id)?),
 		membership: if let Some(sender_user) = sender_user {
-			services()
+			services
 				.rooms
 				.state_accessor
 				.get_member(&room_id, sender_user)?
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_room_summary(
 		} else {
 			None
 		},
-		encryption: services()
+		encryption: services
 			.rooms
 			.state_accessor
 			.get_room_encryption(&room_id)
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;

-use axum::{response::IntoResponse, Json};
+use axum::{extract::State, response::IntoResponse, Json};
 use ruma::api::client::{
 	discovery::{
 		discover_homeserver::{self, HomeserverInfo, SlidingSyncProxyInfo},
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use ruma::api::client::{
 	error::ErrorKind,
 };

-use crate::{services, Error, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{Error, Result, Ruma};

 /// # `GET /_matrix/client/versions`
 ///
@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ pub(crate) async fn get_supported_versions_route(
 ///
 /// Returns the .well-known URL if it is configured, otherwise returns 404.
 pub(crate) async fn well_known_client(
-	_body: Ruma<discover_homeserver::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, _body: Ruma<discover_homeserver::Request>,
 ) -> Result<discover_homeserver::Response> {
-	let client_url = match services().globals.well_known_client() {
+	let client_url = match services.globals.well_known_client() {
 		Some(url) => url.to_string(),
 		None => return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Not found.")),
 	};
@@ -84,22 +84,24 @@ pub(crate) async fn well_known_client(
 /// # `GET /.well-known/matrix/support`
 ///
 /// Server support contact and support page of a homeserver's domain.
-pub(crate) async fn well_known_support(_body: Ruma<discover_support::Request>) -> Result<discover_support::Response> {
-	let support_page = services()
+pub(crate) async fn well_known_support(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, _body: Ruma<discover_support::Request>,
+) -> Result<discover_support::Response> {
+	let support_page = services
 		.globals
 		.well_known_support_page()
 		.as_ref()
 		.map(ToString::to_string);

-	let role = services().globals.well_known_support_role().clone();
+	let role = services.globals.well_known_support_role().clone();

 	// support page or role must be either defined for this to be valid
 	if support_page.is_none() && role.is_none() {
 		return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Not found."));
 	}

-	let email_address = services().globals.well_known_support_email().clone();
-	let matrix_id = services().globals.well_known_support_mxid().clone();
+	let email_address = services.globals.well_known_support_email().clone();
+	let matrix_id = services.globals.well_known_support_mxid().clone();

 	// if a role is specified, an email address or matrix id is required
 	if role.is_some() && (email_address.is_none() && matrix_id.is_none()) {
@@ -134,10 +136,10 @@ pub(crate) async fn well_known_support(_body: Ruma<discover_support::Request>) -
 ///
 /// Endpoint provided by sliding sync proxy used by some clients such as Element
 /// Web as a non-standard health check.
-pub(crate) async fn syncv3_client_server_json() -> Result<impl IntoResponse> {
-	let server_url = match services().globals.well_known_client() {
+pub(crate) async fn syncv3_client_server_json(State(services): State<crate::State>) -> Result<impl IntoResponse> {
+	let server_url = match services.globals.well_known_client() {
 		Some(url) => url.to_string(),
-		None => match services().globals.well_known_server() {
+		None => match services.globals.well_known_server() {
 			Some(url) => url.to_string(),
 			None => return Err(Error::BadRequest(ErrorKind::NotFound, "Not found.")),
 		},
@@ -165,8 +167,8 @@ pub(crate) async fn conduwuit_server_version() -> Result<impl IntoResponse> {
 /// conduwuit-specific API to return the amount of users registered on this
 /// homeserver. Endpoint is disabled if federation is disabled for privacy. This
 /// only includes active users (not deactivated, no guests, etc)
-pub(crate) async fn conduwuit_local_user_count() -> Result<impl IntoResponse> {
-	let user_count = services().users.list_local_users()?.len();
+pub(crate) async fn conduwuit_local_user_count(State(services): State<crate::State>) -> Result<impl IntoResponse> {
+	let user_count = services.users.list_local_users()?.len();

 	Ok(Json(serde_json::json!({
 		"count": user_count
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use axum::extract::State;
 use ruma::{
 	api::client::user_directory::search_users,
 	events::{
@@ -6,7 +7,7 @@ use ruma::{
 	},
 };

-use crate::{services, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{Result, Ruma};

 /// # `POST /_matrix/client/r0/user_directory/search`
 ///
@@ -14,18 +15,20 @@ use crate::{services, Result, Ruma};
 ///
 /// - Hides any local users that aren't in any public rooms (i.e. those that
 ///   have the join rule set to public) and don't share a room with the sender
-pub(crate) async fn search_users_route(body: Ruma<search_users::v3::Request>) -> Result<search_users::v3::Response> {
+pub(crate) async fn search_users_route(
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<search_users::v3::Request>,
+) -> Result<search_users::v3::Response> {
 	let sender_user = body.sender_user.as_ref().expect("user is authenticated");
 	let limit = usize::try_from(body.limit).unwrap_or(10); // default limit is 10

-	let mut users = services().users.iter().filter_map(|user_id| {
+	let mut users = services.users.iter().filter_map(|user_id| {
 		// Filter out buggy users (they should not exist, but you never know...)
 		let user_id = user_id.ok()?;

 		let user = search_users::v3::User {
 			user_id: user_id.clone(),
-			display_name: services().users.displayname(&user_id).ok()?,
-			avatar_url: services().users.avatar_url(&user_id).ok()?,
+			display_name: services.users.displayname(&user_id).ok()?,
+			avatar_url: services.users.avatar_url(&user_id).ok()?,
 		};

 		let user_id_matches = user
@@ -50,13 +53,13 @@ pub(crate) async fn search_users_route(body: Ruma<search_users::v3::Request>) ->
 		// It's a matching user, but is the sender allowed to see them?
 		let mut user_visible = false;

-		let user_is_in_public_rooms = services()
+		let user_is_in_public_rooms = services
 			.rooms
 			.state_cache
 			.rooms_joined(&user_id)
 			.filter_map(Result::ok)
 			.any(|room| {
-				services()
+				services
 					.rooms
 					.state_accessor
 					.room_state_get(&room, &StateEventType::RoomJoinRules, "")
@@ -71,7 +74,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn search_users_route(body: Ruma<search_users::v3::Request>) ->
 		if user_is_in_public_rooms {
 			user_visible = true;
 		} else {
-			let user_is_in_shared_rooms = services()
+			let user_is_in_shared_rooms = services
 				.rooms
 				.user
 				.get_shared_rooms(vec![sender_user.clone(), user_id])
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 use std::time::{Duration, SystemTime};

+use axum::extract::State;
 use base64::{engine::general_purpose, Engine as _};
 use conduit::utils;
 use hmac::{Hmac, Mac};
 use ruma::{api::client::voip::get_turn_server_info, SecondsSinceUnixEpoch, UserId};
 use sha1::Sha1;

-use crate::{services, Result, Ruma};
+use crate::{Result, Ruma};

 const RANDOM_USER_ID_LENGTH: usize = 10;

@@ -16,14 +17,14 @@ type HmacSha1 = Hmac<Sha1>;
 ///
 /// TODO: Returns information about the recommended turn server.
 pub(crate) async fn turn_server_route(
-	body: Ruma<get_turn_server_info::v3::Request>,
+	State(services): State<crate::State>, body: Ruma<get_turn_server_info::v3::Request>,
 ) -> Result<get_turn_server_info::v3::Response> {
-	let turn_secret = services().globals.turn_secret().clone();
+	let turn_secret = services.globals.turn_secret().clone();

 	let (username, password) = if !turn_secret.is_empty() {
 		let expiry = SecondsSinceUnixEpoch::from_system_time(
 			SystemTime::now()
-				.checked_add(Duration::from_secs(services().globals.turn_ttl()))
+				.checked_add(Duration::from_secs(services.globals.turn_ttl()))
 				.expect("TURN TTL should not get this high"),
 		)
 		.expect("time is valid");
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ pub(crate) async fn turn_server_route(
 		let user = body.sender_user.unwrap_or_else(|| {
 			UserId::parse_with_server_name(
 				utils::random_string(RANDOM_USER_ID_LENGTH).to_lowercase(),
-				&services().globals.config.server_name,
+				&services.globals.config.server_name,
 			)
 			.unwrap()
 		});
@@ -46,15 +47,15 @@ pub(crate) async fn turn_server_route(
 		(username, password)
 	} else {
 		(
-			services().globals.turn_username().clone(),
-			services().globals.turn_password().clone(),
+			services.globals.turn_username().clone(),
+			services.globals.turn_password().clone(),
 		)
 	};

 	Ok(get_turn_server_info::v3::Response {
 		username,
 		password,
-		uris: services().globals.turn_uris().to_vec(),
-		ttl: Duration::from_secs(services().globals.turn_ttl()),
+		uris: services.globals.turn_uris().to_vec(),
+		ttl: Duration::from_secs(services.globals.turn_ttl()),
 	})
 }
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More